1、山东省新泰市第二中学英语选修8unit1语法-名词性从句教案【课标要求】1. 掌握主从复合句中的宾语、主语、表语从句。2. 在语境中了解和掌握名词性从句的表意功能。【预习案】1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分The boy is li Ming.主语 表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语 同位语 宾语名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 语 His job is important.What he does is important. 语 Thi
2、s is his job.This is what he does every day. 语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day. 语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.引导名词性从句词有：连接词作用whether 是否that (本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分who, whom, whosewhich 哪一个what 什么，所的在从句中作主语、宾语和定语在从
3、句中作主语、宾语和定语在从句中作主语、宾语和定语when什么时候，where什么地方how怎样、怎么，why为什么除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.名词性从句高考考查主要内容 引导词的选择与判断；词序：不倒装（陈述语序）；时态：注意主，从句时态的呼应判断以下句子是什么从句？1Whoever comes is welcome.2How we can help
4、 the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.4. The question is who can complete the difficult task.5. The problem is how we can get there on time.6. I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.7. I wonder why she refused my invi
5、tation8. I suggest we (should) set off at once.9. The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone【探究案】一、检查反馈，导入新课。 二、目标定位，确定重点。1. 掌握各种名词性从句的用法。2. 能够运用所学知识，解答相关题目。三、自主探究，教师点拨。在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句（一）主语从句： 在句中充当主
6、语的从句叫做主语从句。例：1.That he will come here on Wednesday is certain. 注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that2. Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain. 注意：主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”3. What he said is not true. （What指的，代指物或事情）4Where he hid the money is to be found out .5When theyll start the pro
7、ject has not been decided yet.小结一：主语从句中引导词的判断与选择有三种类型：1、that引导的主语从句是一个完整的句子，在此句中不作任何成分也无实际意义2、whether 引导的主语从句，不用if，意义不完整，不确定，需要增添，“是否”3、特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，意义不完整，且缺主语，宾语，表语，表什么事情，则用 what .1._ he said is true.A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A What
8、 B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 5._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6
9、._makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. Whatever D. Whoever小结二：主语从句的语序（1）主语从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all. b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分How he was successful is still a puzzle. （2）为避免主语冗长, ,用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.It is cert
10、ain that he will succeed. 2.It is not known whether he will go there.It + be + 形容词 that从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that . 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显注意：从句语气要用虚拟语气Eg. It is necessary that a new plan should be designed at once. It + be + -ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to
11、us/all that . 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定Eg. Its reported that no one was killed in the earthquake. It + be + 名词 that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是(1) It is a pity that we cant go.(2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game
12、.It + 不及物动词 that从句It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A .while B. that C. if D. for2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A .however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. It remains a
13、 question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what4. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that5. It is suggested that we _ to the park later. A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone（二）表语从句:在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be等系动词后面)
14、叫做表语从句。 一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that不可省略。常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：The question is whether it is worth. 问题是它是否值得做。注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”v Thats what we should do.v Thats Why I want to see you.v It was because I got up late.v I look
15、s as if it is going to rain.试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited? ( 从句)Is this the museum that you visited? ( 从句)Is this museum the one that you visited? ( 从句)注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。1. The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. wheth
16、er D. how 2. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because3. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats _ I got
17、well all through.A. howB. because C. whyD. that5. He is absent today. Thats _ he is ill.A. whenB. because C. whyD. that6-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-oh, thats _ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited7Why not try y
18、our luck downtown Bob？Thats _ the best jobs are。 A. where B. what C. when D. why 8. See the flags on top of the building? That was _we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what9. The problem is_ he has enough time. A. if B. whether C./ D. that10. Go and get your coat. Its_you left it. A .t
19、here B. where C. there were D. where there（三）同位语从句 ：同位语从句也名词性从句中的一种，而且与定语从句相似。不同的是：先行词的关系不同。定语从句是修饰先行词的；而同位语从句与先行词等同。引导词常用 “that”。 常见的同位语从句的先行词：fact, news, answer, wish, hope, idea, question, thought, theory, belief, doubt, explanation同位语从句需注意的问题 1. 同位语从句的引导词通常用that，不能省略。2. 有时也用疑问代词who, which, what
20、或疑问副词when, where, why 引导。3. that 在句中不作成分，其它引导词都能充当一定的成分。4. 同位语所表达的含义与先行词等同。5. 先行词多为抽象名词，如：fact, news, answer, wish, hope, idea, question, thought, theory, belief, doubt, explanation, problem, information同位语从句和定语从句比较练习1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.（ 从句）2. This
21、is good news that I heard from Mary. （ 从句）3. He cant answer the question how he got the money. （ 从句）4. This is an easy question that he answered in class. （ 从句）Translation（翻译练习）1. The idea that the problem will be settled is wrong. （ 从句， The idea 与 problem will be settled 等同。）2. The idea that he put
22、 forward is wrong. （ 从句，the idea 是名词，从句是修饰该名词的。）3. We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again. （ 从句，the hope 与从句they would come and visit China 等同。）. We hope that they would come and visit China again. （ 从句，hope 是动词，从句是 hope 的宾语宾语。）（四）宾语从句：作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that
23、引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom（07湖南卷）. A. why B. t
24、hat C. when D. where 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。(1) Did you find out _?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2)
25、 Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wo
26、ndered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at ho
27、me B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。(1) Its 7:30. I ca
28、nt believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d like to
29、 tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thou
30、ght that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I四、尝试演练，合作解疑。（一）连接词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what2._ caused the accident is still a co
31、mplete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where3. the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.A. What B. That C. How D. Where（二）连接词whether和if的用法区别。通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not。例如：4._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not
32、 known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That（三）名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如:5.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like6.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas present
33、s.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited （四）形式主语、形式宾语。当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如:7._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It8.Many people think
34、 possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.A. there B. this C. that D.it（五）Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如：9.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever
35、D. whenever10._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever11.I cant remember at the moment has said the words. A. who B. what C. where D. why（六）Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如：12.-I drove to Z
36、huhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where 13. Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do, he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if（七）“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。14.It was a matter of _ would take the p
37、osition.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever15. Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of have received higher education at home.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever（八）连接词that的省略。引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如：16.Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ ou
38、r country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that（九）同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：17.Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.A. how B. what C. that D. if18.This is the house
39、 _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. which五、当堂检测，拓展延伸。1.You can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_ you might get in the future. （07安徽卷） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that2.Choosing the right dictiona
40、ry depends on _ you want to use it for. A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether3._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （07全国卷）A. What B. WhyC. WhereD. Which 10.The traditional view is _we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （07上海卷）A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that11.The sea
41、side here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is . （07天津卷）A. what B. which C. how D. where12.Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 13.It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. （07重庆卷
42、）A. whichB. it C. that D. this六、课堂小结，布置作业。完成课后巩固案。【课后训练巩固案】1. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. Athat Bwhich Cuntil Dif2.What did your parents think about your decision? （06全国卷）They always let me do _ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what3.A wa
43、rm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday（06安徽卷）Aif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich4.Could you do me a favor? （06北京卷）It depends on it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever5.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, fee
44、ling pleased _he was a man of action. （06湖南卷）A. which B. that C. what D. whether6.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that7. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services . A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever8
45、. team wins on Saturday will go through to she national championships. ANo matter what BNo matter which CWhatever DWhichever9.Its thirty years since we last met. （06四川卷） But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when10. Tomorrow is To
46、ms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?A. what B. which C. that D. where11. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how12. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. （2A. where B. how C. whe
47、n D. why 13. _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （2008山东）A. It B. This C. What D. As14. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which15. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the bes
48、t means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京卷）A. which B. that C. what D. who16. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterdays newspapers（2008上海春招） A. which B. whether C. what D. that17. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. A. What
49、B. Which C. Whether D. That18. _is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It B. What C. As D. Which19. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that20. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. （2008年上海卷） A. if B. because C. when D. that二次备课（教师）学习补充及疑惑（学生）
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