1、广东省广州市2020届高三英语下学期综合测试试题（二）（含解析）本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型（B）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后
2、再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读理解 ( 共两节，满分40分 )第一节 ( 共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分 )阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWe can all think of times when people didnt make remembering easy. Directions given at machine-gun speed. New people introduced in a flood of names and handshakes. Whenev
3、er information is passed between people, its all too easy for it to go in one ear and straight out of the other. Thankfully, the opposite is also true. Look around you, and youll see parents who can get their children to remember exactly what they were told; advertisers who know how to imprint their
4、 sales messages on our brains.So, how do they do? Their secrets can be summed up in four simple words: focus, imagery, reasons and engagement.FOCUS means ensuring that the person youre talking to can concentrate on learning. Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the
5、information. Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope.IMAGERY helps information to stick. Do everything your can to make other people “see” the ideas youre giving them. Add visual details to directions, and illustrate abstract concepts with metaphors.REASONS to remember help pe
6、ople to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why. Maybe this information will save them time, protect them from embarrassment, or let them enjoy a particular experience or event.EMGAGEMENT requires you to ask questions. Point out links betw
7、een new concepts and things listeners already know. Activate their senses, spark their curiosity, get them doing something physical, or simply make them laugh.The next time youve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. Youll discover that there are benefits on
8、both sides when you know how to FIRE peoples memories into action.1. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To report new research.B. To provide some advice.C. To explain a problem.D. To define some terms.2. How can you do to help a listener “focus” on what you are saying?A. Select the appropriate
9、time to raise the topic.B. Do something humorous to get their attention.C. Make sure the information provided is correct.D. Speak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can.3. Explaining to listeners why your information is important is an example of _.A. FOCUSB. IMAGERYC. REASONSD. ENGAGEMENT【答案】1.
10、B 2. A 3. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要针对如何让人们记住你所说的事情，提出了四点意见。【1题详解】推理判断题。问整篇文章的目的是什么。根据最后一段The next time youve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. 下次你有重要的信息要传递时，试试这些技巧。可知，作者的目的是想要提供一些建议，选项B正确。A. 报道一篇研究；C. 解释一个问题；D. 定义一些术语，不是文章的意图，文章没有传达。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据关键词“focus”
11、定位到第三段Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information. 认真选择时机。检查他们是否能正确地听到或看到信息。可知，选项A. Select the appropriate time to raise the topic. 选择适当的时机提出话题。为正确选项；B. Do something humorous to get their attention. 做一些幽默的事情来吸引他们的注意力，没有提到；C. Make sure the information provid
12、ed is correct. 确保被提供的信息是正确的；没有提及D. Speak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can. 尽可能地说得慢而清楚。为干扰选项。根据Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope. 沟通要慢而清晰，让他们的记忆能应付。可知，D不是让听者集中注意力在你说的话中的做法，而是使听众集中注意力后需要注意的事项。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据关键词“why your information is important”定位到REASONS to re
13、member help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why. 记住理由有助于人们投入精神上的努力。所以，要清楚地表明你的话是重要的，并明确说明原因。可知，选项C. 理由为正确选项。故选C。【点睛】细节理解题的做题方法：题干中定位关键词-根据关键词在文中寻找关键句-对比选项-运用排除法，选出答案。例如2.3小题都是细节题，根据关键词“focus”以及 “why your information is import
14、ant”由此找出文章中对应的关键句Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information.以及REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why.从而选答案，故第2小题选A，第三小题选C。BSpecial boxes lie at the bottom of m
15、y locked filing cabinet. Deposited there are important letters and cards collected throughout my life, from my grandparents, school friends, parents, wife and son. Since the invention of e-mail though, theyve been few and far between.Tonight is New Yorks Eve 2029 and theres a very special box of let
16、ters I want to look at. But first theres something I have to do The Ritual(惯例).I go to my trusted computer and start. I begin to type: Dear - . I leave the name blank for now, anticipating the thrill of typing it in. “I hope you are well and I wonder how this will find you. And you still planning to
17、 move to that villa in Portugal? Did your son marry Fiona? Is your mother still alive? Questions surge into my mind.For the next two hours I sit writing. About what Ive been doing for the last year, my failing health, my increasing wealth and sometime difficult marriage. Then about my goals and ambi
18、tions. Will he be interested? Do I climb Mt. Kilimanjaro? Do I get that novel published? the one thats been rejected more times than I carte to think about.Finally, its finished. 11:30 pm. I fill in the recipients name, print my letter, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delet
19、e the document and empty the trash folder to avoid the possibility of temptation. That completes the ritual!I walk over to my “special box”. It contains ten long, white, thick envelopes, all with the same handwriting. I place the one I have just written in at the back and take out the one at the fro
20、nt. Its dated 2019, and labelled “to be opened 31st December 2029”.The cycle is finally complete! I open it, trembling with anticipation. I begin to read, my eyes tearing up a little as I do so. Throughout the last ten long, eventful years, of life, death, joy and heartbreak, it has been waiting pat
21、iently in this box for me, though I now have no memory of ever having written it.4. Why does the author receive fewer “important letters” these days ?A. He has moved from his original address.B. He is rarely in contact with his friends and family.C. People communicate with each other less often than
22、 before.D. Electronic communication has largely replaced physical letters.5. Who does the underlined word “he” in paragraph 4 refer to?A. The author himself.B. The authors son.C. The authors school friend.D. The authors book publisher.6. Why does the author probably delete the completed letter from
23、his computer?A. So that no one else will be able to read it.B. So that he wont read it ahead of schedule.C. Because he decides at last not to send it.D. Because he wants forget what has happened.7. How does the author feel as he is about to open his special letter?A. RelievedB. MovedC. ExcitedD. Afr
24、aid【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为电子邮件的发明，导致作者收到重要纸质信件和卡片的机会越来越少。他开始给未来的自己写信，谈论他的生活、工作等。按照信件日期，他到时在打开信件来阅读。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Since the invention of e-mail though, theyve been few and far between.自从电子邮件的发明，这些信件变少了。”可知，作者受到重要信件的数量越来越少的原因是电子邮件取代了纸质的信件。故D选项切题。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“For the
25、 next two hours I sit writing. About what Ive been doing for the last year, my failing health, my increasing wealth and sometime difficult marriage. Then about my goals and ambitions.接下来两个小时我坐在那里写信。信件内容关于我去年做了什么，我每况愈下的健康，我增长的财富和有时困难的婚姻，然后是我的目标和雄心。”可知，作者是写给自己的信，所以“he”就是指作者本人。故A选项切题。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五
26、段“I fill in the recipients name, print my letter, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delete the document and empty the trash folder to avoid the possibility of temptation. That completes the ritual!我完成之后，填上收件人的名字，打印信件，签名并且添加地址，用胶带封存起来。然后我删除电脑上的文件、清空垃圾箱。这样做就是避免诱惑的可能性。这完全是一种惯例。”
27、可知作者删除邮件的目的是不想让自己提前去看到这些信件。故B选项切题。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I open it, trembling with anticipation. I begin to read, my eyes tearing up a little as I do so.我打开这封信，因为期待而颤抖，我开始阅读信件，眼里有了泪水。”可知我在打开信件的时候心情是激动的。故C选项切题。【点睛】推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义和隐含意义的过程。如第3小题，问题是作者为什么要从电脑
28、中删除信件，根据文章第五段“I fill in the recipients name, print my letter, sign and address it and then seal it up with tape. I then delete the document and empty the trash folder to avoid the possibility of temptation. That completes the ritual!我完成之后，填上收件人的名字，打印信件，签名并且添加地址，用胶带封存起来。然后我删除电脑上的文件、清空垃圾箱。这样做就是避免诱惑的可能
29、性。这完全是一种惯例。”可推出作者删除邮件的目的是不想让自己提前去看到这些信件。故B选项切题。CTexas rancher(牧场主) Charles Goodnight had a problem. He needed skilled cowboys to drive his herd of two thousand longhorn cattle to New Mexico to be sold. He couldnt offer high wages. He couldnt promise easy jobs or even nice weather. But he decided tha
30、t decent, warm meals might entice men to work for him.In the mid-to-late 1800s, cattle drives sometimes took three to four months, and once the drive began, there were no stores for hundreds of miles. All the food and supplies needed for the trip were carried on two-wheeled carts. Usually, the cowbo
31、ys food was boring and unappetizing.Goodnight went to work and solved the problem. His invention of a mobile kitchen, the chuck wagon(四轮马车), got its name from the cowboy word for food, chuck. Goodnight took an old army wagon and rebuilt it with Osage orange, a wood so tough that Indians used it to m
32、ake bows. The wagons iron axles were stronger than the wooden ones found on standard wagons, and the wider wheels lasted longer. Besides food, coffee sugar and eating utensils, it held everything from first-aid supplies to needles and thread. It even contained cooking stove.The first chuck wagon was
33、 an instant success. Eighteen cowhands joined Goodnight and his partner, Oliver Loving, to drive the cattle to New Mexico for a handsome profit. The route they tooklater called the Goodnight-Loving Trailbecame one of the most heavily used cattle trails in the Southwest.The chuck wagon soon was the b
34、ackbone of all successful cattle drives. Other ranchers created their own moving kitchens, and eventually the Studebaker Company produced chuck wagons that sold for $75 to $100 apiece, about $1,000 today.The chuck wagon was much more than a mobile kitchen. Sometimes called the trail drives mother sh
35、ip, it was like a magnet that drew the men together. The wagon and the ground around it were the cowboys home. There he enjoyed hot meals, a warm fire, and good companionship. He could also get a bandage, a haircut, or horse liniment for his sore muscles. And there, under the stars and around the ch
36、uck wagon, he crawled into his bedroll each night.8. Who does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 1 mean?A. InformB. DirectC. EnableD. Attract9. Why were cattle drives in the mid-to-late 1800s so tough ?A. All the cattle were carried on two-wheeled vehicles.B. Fresh food supplies were hard to
37、find on the drive.C. There were not enough cowboys to drive the cattle.D. There was no place to store food and necessary supplies.10. What do we know about Goodnights chuck wagon from the text?A. It was stronger than the ordinary wagons.B. It was mainly used to provide first aid.C. It could be chang
38、ed into a sleeping area.D. It was sold to other ranchers by Goodnight.11. What is the best title for the text?A. The Cowboys ProblemB. Goodnight-Loving TrailC. The Cowboys Home on WheelsD. Exciting Cattle Drives in the West【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。开头引入一名牧场主所面对的赶牛去出售途中的困难，进而这位牧场主发明了新的马车，之
39、后讲到卡车的出现，阐述了卡车带给牛仔们的意义：解决了牛仔们赶牛期间的饮食困难，提供了舒适的环境，同时也让赶牛的工作变得更容易。8题详解】词义猜测题。结合文章的第一段He couldnt promise easy jobs or even nice weather. But he decided that decent, warm meals might entice men to work for him.可知，对此工作，他不能保证轻松，甚至不能保证好天气。 但他觉得体面温暖的食物，可能会吸引男人为他工作。A. inform告知；B. direct指导; C. enable使能够，使实现；D.
40、 attract吸引。带入文章理解，比较前面的工作不轻松，可知食物应当是有吸引力的，选项D符合题意。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段：In the mid-to-late 1800s, cattle drives sometimes took three to four months, and once the drive began, there were no stores for hundreds of miles. All the food and supplies needed for the trip were carried on two-wheeled cart
41、s. Usually, the cowboys food was boring and unappetizing.在19世纪中后期，赶牛有时需要三到四个月，一旦开始赶牛，方圆数百英里都没有商店。所有的食物和补给都是用两轮车运送的。 通常牛仔的食物都很无聊，让人没胃口。可以了解到赶牛的工作很困难，结合选项理解只有B项：Fresh food supplies were hard to find on the drive路上很难找到新鲜的食物，符合文章题意。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段The wagons iron axles were stronger than the woo
42、den ones found on standard wagons, and the wider wheels lasted longer. 马车的铁轴比普通马车上的木轴结实，宽轮子使用时间更长。可知道，这个马车比普通马车结实。选线A符合题意。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章开头提到了赶牛是一件苦差事，随后Goodnight为此发明了新的马车，改变了之前在赶牛途中的困难：车子更结实，而且车子上除了食物之外，也能携带咖啡糖、餐具，从急救用品到到针线的所有东西，甚至还有烹饪炉。新马车的使用，带来了很大的成功，最终成就了马车的发明，带给了人们更多地方便和好处：在马车上，有热腾腾的食物，温暖的
43、炉火，还有美好的友谊。 有绷带、理发或者马用的搽剂来治疗肌肉酸痛。 同时在星空下，在马车周围，每天晚上牛仔们都会到这个卧室。马车就是牛仔的家。据此，可知文章主要阐述了马车对于牛仔们的意义。选项C. The Cowboys Home on Wheels(车轮上的牛仔之家)符合题意。故选C项。DDepending on what language you speak, your eye perceives colours and the world differently than someone else.The human eye can physically perceive million
44、s of colours. But we dont all recognise these colours in the same way. Some people cant see differences in colours so called colour blindness due to a defect or absence of the cells in the retina that are sensitive to high levels of light: the cones. But the distribution and density of these cells a
45、lso varies across people with normal vision, causing us all to experience the same colour in slightly different ways.Language affects our colour perception too. Different languages and cultural groups also categorize colours differently. Some languages like Dani, spoken in Papua New Guinea, and Bass
46、a, spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone, only have two terms, dark and light. Dark roughly translates as cool in those languages, and light as warm. So colours like black, blue, and green are glossed as cool colours, while lighter colours like white, red, orange and yellow are glossed as warm colours.
47、 Other cultural groups have no word for “colours” at all.Remarkably, most of the worlds languages have five basic colour terms. As well as dark, light, and red, these languages typically have a term for yellow, and a term that refers to both blue and green. That is, these languages do not have separ
48、ate terms for “green” and “blue” but use one term to describe both colours. Also, Russian, Greek, Turkish and many other languages have two separate terms for blue one referring exclusively to darker shades, and one referring to lighter shades.The way we perceive colours can also change during our l
49、ifetime. Greek speakers, who have two fundamental colour terms to describe light and dark blue, are more likely to see these two colours as the same after living for long periods of time in the UK. There, these two colours are described in English by the same fundamental colour term: blue.Different
50、languages can influence our perceptions in all areas of life, not only colour. Scientists are now investigating how different languages changes the way we perceive everyday objects. Ultimately, this happens because learning a new language is like giving our brain the ability to interpret the world d
51、ifferently.12. What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?A. The medical causes of peoples colour blindness.B. The different types of colours that people can see.C. The physical causes of variation in peoples vision.D. The cultural reasons for differences in colour perception.13. What colours are commo
52、nly referred to using the same word by many language groups?A. Yellow and red.B. Warm and cold.C. Dark and light.D. Blue and green.14. What do we know about the Russian language?A. It classifies colours as either warm or cold.B. It has more than one word for the colour blue.C. It mainly describes ob
53、jects in terms of their colour.D. It has only five basic terms to describe colours.15. Why does the author mention Greek speakers living in England?A. To illustrate how social context can affect our senses.B. To provide an example of cultural miscommunication.C. To highlight the variation in the wor
54、ds used to describe colour.D. To demonstrate how languages can combine to produce new words.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语言影响我们对颜色的感知。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容，特别是根据Some people cant see differences in colours so called colour blindness due to a defect or absence of the cells in the retina t
55、hat are sensitive to high levels of light: the cones. But the distribution and density of these cells also varies across people with normal vision, causing us all to experience the same colour in slightly different ways.可知，有些人看不到颜色的差异，这就是所谓的色盲，原因是视网膜上感光细胞：视锥细胞的缺陷或缺失，但这些细胞的分布和密度在“正常视力”的人群中也有所不同，这使得我们
56、所有人对同一种颜色的体验略有不同，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是人类视觉变化的物理原因，故C项正确。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Remarkably, most of the worlds languages have five basic colour terms. As well as dark, light, and red, these languages typically have a term for yellow, and a term that refers to both blue and green. That is, these languages do not
57、 have separate terms for “green” and “blue” but use one term to describe both colours.可知，值得注意的是，世界上大多数语言都有五个基本颜色术语，除了深色、浅色和红色，这些语言通常有一个术语表示黄色，一个术语表示蓝色和绿色，也就是说，这些语言对“绿色”和“蓝色”没有单独的术语，而是使用同一个术语来表示这两种颜色，故D项正确。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Also, Russian, Greek, Turkish and many other languages have two separate te
58、rms for blue one referring exclusively to darker shades, and one referring to lighter shades.可知，此外，俄语、希腊语、土耳其语和许多其他语言都有两个单独表示蓝色的术语一个专门指较深的色调，另一个则指较浅的色调，也就是说在俄语中，不止有一个词表示蓝色，故B项正确。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The way we perceive colours can also change during our lifetime. Greek speakers, who have two fundam
59、ental colour terms to describe light and dark blue, are more likely to see these two colours as the same after living for long periods of time in the UK.可知，我们感知颜色的方式在我们的一生中也会改变，说希腊语中有两个基本的颜色术语来描述浅蓝色和深蓝色，在英国生活了很长一段时间后，他们更可能认为这两种颜色是一样的，这说明社会环境如何影响我们的感知，作者提到在英国生活的希腊人就是为了证明这一点，故A项正确。第二节 ( 共5小题; 每小题2分，满分
60、10分 )根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV weatherperson pointing to a large, white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on their video screen? If so, then youve gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks like: a tropi
61、cal cyclone (热带风暴)._16_ The warm air and water at the equator(赤道) rise into the atmosphere, cool off, and then sink back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in th
62、e world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. _17_ In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”. _18_ Most of the stron
63、g winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so the eye is the calmest part._19_ A storm that is rated as a Category 1 is the weakest. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest, which has winds of over 300km per hour, can cause catastrophic damage.Once these storms come onto land, they no longer
64、have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger. This means that they begin to grow weaker. This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. _20_A. They still may produce strong rain and tornadoes.B. Tropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.C. They withdraw
65、 as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.D. The rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speeds.E. Tropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.F. Tropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean wat
66、ers near the Earths equator.G. Such storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热带风暴的相关知识。【16题详解】设空句为本段首句，应承接上文提及的名词“a tropical cyclone(热带风暴)”，并对其进行解释说明。且根据后文“The warm air and water at the equator(赤道)
67、 rise into the atmosphere, cool off, and then sink back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster.( 赤道的暖空气和水上升到大气中，冷却，然后下沉。当这个循环不断重复时，风暴开始增长，风暴周围的风开始移动得更快。)”可知，本段在解释热带风暴的形成过程。选项F. Tropical cyclones start as tr
68、opical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the Earths equator.(热带风暴一开始是在地球赤道附近温暖的海水中形成的热带风暴。)解释了热带风暴是怎样开始的，符合本段主题。故选F项。【17题详解】根据本段主题句“Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone.( 根据热带风暴在世界上的位置，它被称为飓风、台风或气旋。)”可知，本段在讲述热带风暴根据位置
69、而来的三个名字，设空句的前文“If tropical cyclones move over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons.”和后文“In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.”分别已经提及的其中的两个：typhoons和cyclones，因此可推知，设空句应解释“hurricane”。G. Such storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean
70、 are termed hurricanes.(移动在东北太平洋或大西洋上的这样的风暴称为飓风。)符合分析。故选G项。【18题详解】根据前文：The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye”.( 热带风暴的中心被称为“风眼”。)可知，本段的核心话题为“eye”：风眼，因此可推知，设空句应继续解释风眼在热带风暴中的地位。选项D. The rest of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speeds. 解释了风暴的其余部分以令人难以置信的高速绕着风眼旋
71、转，解释了风眼的地位以及与其他部分之间的关系，符合分析。故选D项。【19题详解】设空句为段首句，应是本段中心主旨句。根据后文“A storm that is rated as a Category 1 is the weakest. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest, which has winds of over 300km per hour, can cause catastrophic damage.( 1级风暴是最弱的。5级热带风暴是最强的，风速超过每小时300公里，可以造成灾难性的破坏。)”可知，在解释热带风暴的等级划分，因
72、此选项B. Tropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength.( 热带风暴是根据其强度分类的。)贴合主旨，为本段中心主旨句。故选B项。【20题详解】根据前文“This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away.( 但这并不能阻止它们在消失之前造成很多损害。)”可知，风暴登陆，强度减弱，但仍然会带来损害，因此可推知，设空句应对其登陆后的损害作进一步的解释。选项A. They still may produce strong rain and
73、tornadoes.解释了登陆后，它们仍然可能产生强降雨和龙卷风，符合分析。故选A项。【点睛】七选五技巧之篇章结构很重要有的题利用文章或段落的“总分”结构关系即可获得答案。段落的语篇结构通常是主题句（总）+支撑句（分；分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等。）比如文章的第2小题：Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over the northwester
74、n Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. _2_ In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones.G. Such storms moving over the northeastern Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.通过阅读可知，本段应是总分结构。空前主题句提及了“a hurricane, a typhoon, a cyclone”三个名称，空前后句分别提及了typhoons和cyclones，所以设
75、空句应解释“hurricane”。故选G项。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In todays world, we find ourselves communicating more through online channels such as messaging, social media and video calls, often at the _21_ of face-to-face dialogue. The
76、re are certain situations where online communication is _22_ but others where we opt for virtual over a real-life conversation. Which begs the _23_: is online communication _24_ in todays world?To begin with, Id like to outline the advantages of online communication. One of the main arguments in its
77、 _25_ is that it opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different places around the globe. This has considerable benefits in the workplace as _26_ can take place via video conferencing between Stockholm, San Francisco and Shanghai without the need for _27_ , exhausting, long-haul b
78、usiness trips. _28_ , it provides opportunities for long-distance families and friends to keep in touch on a daily basis. Another point is that written online communication gives us the option of responding either _29_ or at a time that suits us as well as allowing us to _30_ and polish our message.
79、On the other hand, there are several significant _31_ to over-reliance on online communication. Some experts are _32_ that a lack of face-to-face interaction _33_ the development of vital social skills such as empathising and reacting to situations in _34_ time. Also, the very nature of conversation
80、 is _35_ in the virtual world. If short messages decorated with emoticons _36_ longer stretches of direct conversation with _37_ expressed on real faces, we are running the risk of _38_ the art of real conversation._39_, I believe that online communication brings an overall advantage in todays fast-
81、paced, global society. However, we shouldnt _40_ the benefits of engaging in face-to-face dialogue.21. A. beginningB. riskC. requestD. expense22. A. unnecessaryB. unavoidableC. challengingD. meaningful23. A. questionB. conclusionC. ideaD. consequence24. A. understandableB. incredibleC. preferableD.
82、possible25. A. opinionB. favourC. presenceD. condition26. A. paymentsB. incidentsC. meetingsD. classes27. A. time-consumingB. heartbreakingC. user-friendlyD. cost-effective28. A. GraduallyB. ConsequentlyC. OtherwiseD. Furthermore29. A. earlierB. immediatelyC. frequentlyD. conventionally30. A. delete
83、B. copyC. editD. send31. A. drawbacksB. puzzlesC. improvementsD. changes32. A. annoyedB. curiousC. confidentD. concerned33. A. crosses outB. slows downC. turns upD. gets over34. A. workB. spareC. localD. real35. A. importantB. practicalC. differentD. attractive36. A. removeB. replaceC. releaseD. rev
84、ise37. A. emotionsB. conceptsC. wishesD. doubts38. A. denyingB. misunderstandingC. losingD. missing39. A. After allB. By the wayC. On the contraryD. On balance40. A. overlookB. emphasizeC. preserveD. destroy【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
85、 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. A【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今世界，我们发现越来越多的交流是通过网络渠道，社交媒体和视频通话等方式，而不是面对面的对话。在某些情况下，网络交流是必要的，然而，任何事物都有两面性，网络交流也如此。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今世界，我们发现自己更多地通过在线渠道进行交流，比如即时通讯、社交媒体和视频通话，常常以牺牲面对面对话为代价。A. beginning 开始，起点；B. risk 风险，危险；C. request 要求；D. expense 损失，代价。分析句子，划线前提到：当今世界我们更多的是通过在线渠道沟通。故推断
86、这样势必以牺牲面对面交流对话为代价。同时at the expense of 译为 “以为代价” 是固定短语。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，在线交流是不可避免的，但在其他情况下，我们选择虚拟而不是现实生活中的对话。A. unnecessary 不必要的；B. unavoidable 不可避免的；C. challenging 挑战的；D. meaningful 有意义的。分析句子，前句提到当今世界人们更愿意通过在线渠道交流。后文也提到一些使用在线交流的情况，说明了它的优点。故可知在某些情况下在线交流不可避免。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就引出
87、了一个问题:在当今世界，在线交流更可取吗? A. question 问题；B. conclusion 结论；C. idea 主意，相反；D. consequence 结果。分析句意，根据第3题后面的冒号内容-提出了一个问题。可知该处需选 “问题” 。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当今世界，在线交流更可取吗? A. understandable 可理解的；B. incredible 难以置信的；C. preferable 更好的，更可取的；D. possible 可能的。分析句子，上文提到现在很多人更多的选择在线交流，尽管是在非必要的情况下也更喜欢线上交流。故可知，这个问题
88、是关于在线交流更可取么？故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：赞成它的一个主要论点是，它打开了与世界各地的人们交流的可能性。A. opinion 观点；B. favour 偏爱，赞同；C. presence 存在，出席；D. condition 条件。分析句子，本段一开始讲到线上交流有很多的优点。而设问句就是其中优点之一。同时在划线后提到线上交流可以打开交流的可能性。这是人们赞成它的论点之一。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这在工作场所有相当大的好处，因为人们可以通过视频会议在斯德哥尔摩、旧金山和上海之间召开会议，而无需进行耗时、令人疲惫的长途商务旅行。A. paym
89、ents 支付，付款；B. incidents 事件，事变；C. meetings 会议；D. classes 课程，班级，级别。分析句子，在划线后面提及 “视频会议” ，故可知人们可以通过视频会议在斯德哥尔摩、旧金山和上海之间召开会议进行交流。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。而无需进行耗时、令人疲惫的长途商务旅行。A. time-consuming 耗时的；B. heartbreaking 令人心碎的；C. user-friendly 容易使用的；D. cost-effective 划算的。分析句子，前文提到可以通过视频会议的形式远程开会。这就可以避免耗时的商务旅行了。故选A项。
90、【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，它还为远方的家人和朋友提供了每天保持联系的机会。A. Gradually 缓慢地；B. Consequently 因此，结果，所以；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Furthermore 此外，而且。分析句子，划线句所处的句子仍在讲在线交流的好处。此处提及的“可以和远方的亲戚朋友每天联系”和前面的优点并列。故选D项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一点是，书面在线交流让我们可以选择立即回复，或者在适合我们的时间回复。同时也允许我们编辑和润色我们的信息。A. earlier 早地；B. immediately 立刻，马上；C. frequ
91、ently 频繁地；D. conventionally 照惯例地。分析句子，划线处和or后面的内容表示选择。or后面提到 “在适合我们的时间回复” ，表示没有立即马上回复。故可推断前面提及的应该是 “立刻马上回复” 。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时也允许我们编辑和润色我们的信息。A. delete 删除；B. copy 复制，抄写；C. edit 编辑，校对；D. send 寄送。分析句子，and后面提到 “编辑信息” 。根据动词的逻辑关系，应该是先 “编辑信息” 在 “润色信息” 。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，过度依赖在线交流也有一些明显的
92、缺点。A. drawbacks 缺点；B. puzzles 困惑 ；C. improvements 改善；D. changes 变化，改变。分析句子，句首的on the other hand (另外一方面) 表示和前面转折，前文提到了很多的 “优点” 。根据转折，故此处应选 “缺点” 。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些专家担心缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展。A. annoyed 生气的；B. curious 好奇的；C. confident 自信的；D. concerned 关心的，担心的。分析句子，划线后的从句的讲的是缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展。
93、从句部分提及的是线上交流带来的缺点。这是专家们担心的。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展，例如移情和实时应对情况的反应。A. crosses out 划掉；B. slows down （使）慢下来；C. turns up 出现，调大声；D. gets over 克服。分析句子，前句提到 “专家们的担心” ，后句为专家们担心的内容。故分析可得， “缺乏面对面的交流会减缓重要社交技能的发展” 和专家们的担心相呼应。故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如移情和实时应对情况的反应。A. work 工作；B. spare 额外的，备用
94、的；C. local 当地的；D. real 真实的。分析句子，此处和前文提及的虚拟交流构成因果。因为过多依赖线上交流而缺乏面对面交流（这是虚拟交流），导致了我们应对真实情况的能力减缓了。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，在虚拟世界中，对话的本质是不同的。A. important 重要的；B. practical 实际的，实用的；C. different 不同的；D. attractive 迷人的。分析句子，划线前的also表示，此处和前面一样都在讲线上交流的缺点。虚拟世界的对话和我们现实中的对话是不一样的。故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果用表情符号装
95、饰的短信来长时间代替真实的面部表情的直接对话，我们就有可能失去真实对话的艺术。A. remove 移动，前移；B. replace 代替；C. release 释放；D. revise 修正，复习。分析句子，后面提到我们可能会失去真是对话的艺术，是因为我们长时间用短信来代替面对面的交流。故选B项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果用表情符号装饰的短信来长时间代替真实的面部表情的直接对话，我们就有可能失去真实对话的艺术。A. emotions 情感；B. concepts 概念，观念；C. wishes 希望；D. doubts 怀疑，疑问。分析句子，此处表示和前文提及的 “表情符号装饰
96、的短信” 构成对比。此处强调人真实面部情感。故选A项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们就有可能失去真实对话的艺术。A. denying 拒绝，否认；B. misunderstanding 误解；C. losing 失去，损失；D. missing 错过。分析句子，此处和前句构成因果关系，前句提到 “如果我们长期用短信来代替面对面的交流” 就会导致 “失去真实对话的艺术” 。故选C项。【39题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：总的来说，我认为在当今快节奏、全球化的社会中，网络交流带来了整体优势。A. After all 毕竟，终究；B. By the way 顺便提及；C. On the co
97、ntrary 相反；D. On balance 总而言之，总的来说。分析句子，根据后文提到的“网络的优势”和“不可忽略面对面交流的好处”。可知，此处在进行总结。故选D项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们不应该忽视面对面对话的好处。A. overlook 忽略；B. emphasize 强调，着重；C. preserve 保存，保护；D. destroy 破坏。分析上下文，文章提到了很多在线交流的优点，同时也提到一些缺点。本题however前讲到网络交流带了优势。根据前后转折，我们也不能忽视面对面对话的好处。故选A项。第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料
98、，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Its just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons and the Great Wall of China. He has lost count of the number of times he _41_(climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day he first saw _42_.The UK native came back to China in
99、1986 with _43_(plan) to run the walls entire _44_(long) but it didnt quite work out that time. He came back a year later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall _45_ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo proje
100、cts that show _46_ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) _47_(film) the Great Wall, which provides a _48_ (complete) new and fascinating perspective.In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesays
101、life. His solo adventure _49_ (describe) as “the most successful foreign exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal _50_ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts.【答案】41. has climbed 42. it 43. plans 44. length 45. published 46. how 47. to film 48. completely 49. is/was/has b
102、een described 50. from【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了William Lindesay与长城的故事，他出版了八本关于长城的书，完成了三个摄影项目，展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，并领导了保护工作。他的个人冒险被称为“外国长城探险最成功的一次”。他甚至获得了中国政府颁发的一枚奖章，以表彰他在保护环境方面所做的努力。【41题详解】考查时态。句意：他已记不清爬了几次长城了。分析句子可知，此处表示爬长城是William Lindesay从过去到现在一直做的事情，应用现在完成时。故填has climbed。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，他仍然记得第一次看到它的那天
103、。分析句子可知，此处的it指代的是上文的“the Great Wall”。故填it。【43题详解】考查名词复数。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。plan是可数名词，分析句子可知，此处指“William Lindesay跑完长城的计划”，表泛指，应用复数形式。故填plans。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城-但当时并没有完全成功。分析句子可知，此处应表示“长城的长度”，应用名词。故填length。【45题详解】考查过去分词。句意：多年来，林赛已经出版了八本关于长城的书。分析句子可知，此处
104、已有谓语动词had，应用非谓语动词，且publish与books之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填published。【46题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他已经完成了三个摄影项目，展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，并领导了保护工作。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，且表示“展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的”。应用how来引导。故填how。【47题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处表示用无人机的目的是拍摄长城，应用动词不定式表示。故填to film。【48题详解】考查副词。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们
105、正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处的completely修饰new and fascinating，修饰形容词用副词。故填completely。【49题详解】考查时态。句意：他的个人冒险被称为“外国长城探险最成功的一次”。分析句子可知，此处的describe与主语solo adventure之间是被动关系。且分析文章可知，此处使用一般过去时，一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态皆可。故填is/was/has been described。【50题详解】考查介词。句意：他甚至获得了中国政府颁发的一枚奖章，以表彰他在保护环境方面所做的努力。分析句子可知，奖章是来自于
106、中国政府的。故填from。第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35分 )第一节 短文改错 (共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分 )51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Flowing through the centre of Guangzhou,
107、 the Pearl River plays an important role in the life of city. Each day, boats take people in and from work, and ships transport goods to factory and markets. The river is also a great source of entertain. Along the river banks, where you can see people walking, exercising and enjoy beautiful views.
108、In recent years, locals had worked hard to improve the river environment. Among their efforts are planting trees along the banks or creating several new parks. Most important, theyve reduced river pollution, making the water so clean as people can now fish in the river.【答案】1. city前加the2. into3. fact
109、oryfactories4. entertainentertainment5.去掉where6. enjoyenjoying7. hadhave8. orand9. importantimportantly10. asthat【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珠江在广州城市生活中起着运输、休闲等重要的作用。【详解】第一处：考查冠词。这里的city特指的“广州市”，所以需要用定冠词the。故在city前加the。第二处：考查介词。这里考查短语take sb. to sp.带某人到某地。故将in改为to。第三处：考查名词的数。名词factory为可数名词，根据后面的并列名词markets
110、可知用复数形式。故将factory改为factories。第四处：考查名词。介词of后接名词形式。故将entertain改为entertainment。第五处：考查句法。分析句子可知，这里单句，句中Along the river banks作地点状语，所以不需要关系副词where引导非限定性定语从句。故将where去掉。第六处：考查非谓语动词。这里考查see sb. doing sth.，与walking, exercising同时作see的宾语补足语。故将enjoy改为enjoying。第七处：考查时态。根据句中时间状语In recent years可知用现在完成时。故将had改为have。
111、第八处：考查连词。句意：他们的努力包括沿河岸植树和建造几个新的公园。根据句意可知，这里为并列关系而非选择关系。故将or改为and。第九处：考查副词。句意：最重要的是，他们减少了河流污染，使河水如此干净，人们现在可以在河里钓鱼。这里用副词修饰整个句子。故将important改为importantly。第十处：考查状语从句。这里考查so that “如此以至于”引导的状语从句。故将as改为that。第二节 书面表达 ( 满分25分 ) 52.假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris将要参加中文诗歌朗诵比赛(recitation contest)，发邮件向你询问下面这首诗歌的含义。请你回复邮件，介绍该诗
112、歌的主要内容、表达的思想感情和写作手法。：注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；_【答案】Dear Chris, Glad to learn that you will take part in a Chinese poem recitation contest. Here is my interpretation of the poem youll recite. The poem is about a son who is leaving his hometown to pursue his dream. Feeling concerned about his
113、son, the mother decides to make a coat for him. She is worried that her son might not come home soon, so she sews every stich carefully hoping to make it last longer. This poem praises the love of mothers. In the first two lines, the characters “thread” and “coat” imply the inseparable bond between
114、mother and son. In the last two lines, the poet compares a mothers love to sunlight, which helps the grass grow day by day. And such great kindness cannot be easily repaid. Good luck in the upcoming contest! Looking forward to the news of your victory. Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给笔友Chris回复一
115、封邮件，在邮件中介绍Chris将在中文诗歌朗诵比赛中朗诵的诗歌的主要内容，表达的思想感情和写作手法。【详解】第一步：审题。体裁：邮件应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。要点：1 诗歌的主要内容 2 诗歌表达的思想感情 3 诗歌使用写作手法结构布局：总分总 第一段，针对笔友Chris将要参加中文诗歌朗诵比赛，介绍这首诗歌。 第二段，1 诗歌的主要内容：一位儿子决定外出实现梦想，母亲在他临行前制作衣服。 2 诗歌表达的思想感情：母亲对儿子深层的爱 3 诗歌的写作手法：将母亲比喻为太阳 第三段，预祝取胜 第二步：列重点词语，词组（注意好词的使用）如：be willing to, inter
116、pretation, pursue, be concerned about, inseparable, compare等 第三步：连词成句（注意好句型的使用，如非谓语动词，复合句，注意拼写和时态问题）如：Learning that you will take part in a Chinese poem recitation contest, I am willing to show you the interpretation of the poem you will recite.等 第四步：连句成篇（注意衔接词的使用）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/Fir
117、st, Secondly/Second, Finally, In the end, At last;2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not onlybut (also);3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。 第五步：润色修改。【点睛】本文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理。作者较多的使用复合句句式，如“The poem is
118、 about a son who is leaving his hometown to pursue his dream.”使用的是定语从句，“She is worried that her son might not come home soon, so she sews every stich carefully hoping to make it last longer.”使用的是名词性从句和非谓语动词，“In the last two lines, the poet compares a mothers love to sunlight, which helps the grass grow day by day.”使用的是非限制性定语从句，展现了作者对复合句较好的驾驭功底，使得文章句子的关系紧密，句式更加灵活，为文章的表达增添色彩。