1、第二部分 题型应对策略第1讲 词法类错误 错误类型1 谓语动词误用1.【解析】第二句requiredrequires。考查时态。根据上一句的时态为一般现在时可知,此句中也应该用一般现在时,故将required改为requires。2.【解析】tooktaken。考查语态。本句意为“照了这张照片之后大约一个月”,由句子结构可知,应该使用一般过去时的被动语态,故应用过去分词taken。3.【解析】chosechoose。考查动词形式。情态动词can后要用动词原形。【技法点金】1.识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时,或前后都是过去时却用了现在时,导致时态不一致。2.判断并列不一致在平行或并
2、列结构中,动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and,or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列,一定要理解,辨别清楚。3.留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形,变成了被动语态。4.牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形,但却用了过去式或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。【过关检测】1.(2019 黄山二模)I must say that I am not surprised when I heard of the good news.()2.(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my
3、parents are until I entered high school.()amwasarewere3.(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.()4.(2019 济南三模)I was worried and decide to take her to a hospital nearby.()beginbegundecidedecided5.(2017全国卷)When summer came,they will invite their students to pick the vegeta
4、bles!()6.(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years.()camecomeshadhave7.(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.()去掉can或canshould 错误类型 2 非谓语动词误用1.【解析】第二句opens open。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知is后是动词不定式作表语,不定式中to后应用动词原形。2.【解析】cafe后加to。考查固定搭配。w
5、ant sb./sth.to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“想让某人/某物做某事”。【技法点金】1.辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词,且另一动词不作并列谓语,则只能用非谓语动词。2.搞清动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别动词-ing形式表主动、进行;动词-ed形式表被动、完成;动词-ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”,常修饰物;而动词-ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”,常修饰人。3.理清不定式符号to的两种命题方式多余:感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失:有些动词,如want,decide,plan等,后面应接带to的不定式作宾语。4.掌
6、握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词-ing形式。5.注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词-ing形式或不定式。6.明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别【过关检测】1.(2019全国卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.()2.(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.()manage managingeager后加to3.(2019 本溪三模)Seen one
7、 of my favourite chocolate cakes,I quickened my steps through the crowd.()SeenSeeing 错误类型 3 形容词和副词误用1.【解析】coollycool。根据前面的系动词looked可知需用形容词作表语。2.【解析】largerlarge。根据句意,作者害怕在一大群人面前讲话,这里没有比较的含义,故将 larger改为large。3.【解析】hardly hard。考查副词辨析。hardly表示“几乎不”,hard表示“努力地,用力地”。结合句意可知,把hardly改为hard。【技法点金】1.明辨词性误用形容词主
8、要用来修饰名词和代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,在句中作状语。2.理清比较级、最高级的误用原级和比较级混用。比较级和最高级混用。在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。在没有最高级的词前误加most。3.关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地,猛烈地”,而hardly意为“几乎不,几乎没有”;beside意为“在旁边”,besides意为“另外”。4.看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比,意思是“然而,可是,但是”;therefore主要表示结果,意思是“因此,所以”。【过关检测】1.(2019全国卷)What I want is n
9、ot just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.()2.(2018全国卷)I felt happily that their life had improved.()ordinarily ordinaryhappilyhappy3.(2017全国卷)Beside,they often get some useful information from the Internet.()4.(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.()Beside Bes
10、idesearlierearly 错误类型 4 名词和冠词误用1.【解析】jobjobs。job为可数名词,根据前面的形容词different可知要用复数形式。2.【解析】informationsinformation。information是不可数名词,没有复数形式。3.【解析】an a。考查不定冠词。unique为以辅音音素开头的单词,故把an改为a。【技法点金】1.区分名词单复数的使用(1)表示单个的东西或不可数名词时,要用单数。(2)可数名词前由all,many,a lot of,different,some或者超过1的数词等修饰时,要用复数名词。2.牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词adv
11、ice,news,information,progress,work,fun,weather,music,health,luck。3.关注冠词的考查重点(1)a 和 an,表达数量,或者泛指任何一个。a用于以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况,前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状),前面不适合加冠词,应把该位置空下来,形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。【过关检测】1.(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in
12、 many different city.()2.(2018全国卷)When I was little,Fridays night was our family game night.()citycitiesFridaysFriday3.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.()4.(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop
13、music,and collecting the latest music albums.()countryside前加thedifferencedifferent5.(2017全国卷)They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work everyday.()6.(2017全国卷)Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time:car magazines
14、 and musical instruments.()第一个aan/one在picture前加the或this 错误类型 5 介词和数词误用1.【解析】去掉like。考查介词。such as与like都有“像”的含义,表示举例说明,它们不能连在一起用,故去掉like。2.【解析】fivefifth。根据句意“在我上五年级的时候,我想当一名老师因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师。”可知要用序数词,故改为fifth。【技法点金】1.关注介词遗漏(1)不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。(2)作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词,或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后要有相应的介词。2.
15、明辨介词多余(1)及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。(2)this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。3.牢记相似介词的区别in、on、at的区别:表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时的句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在具体的时刻。4.识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少”用基数词;强调顺序性,作“第几”讲的时候用序数词。5.注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in ones+逢十的基数词复数”;表达“在几十年代”时,用“in the+逢十的基数词复数”。【过关检测】1.(2019 厦门三模)After walking out the airport,you can go along the road.()2.(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.()out后加ofeighteeneighteenth3.(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.()forwith
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