1、第5讲并列连词和三大从句 当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时,空格处一般填并列连词。当空格后为句子,而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时,一般填从句连词,即定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句的连词。技法1 当空格需要填并列连词时的解题技巧1.【解析】but。考查并列连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作”可知使用了并列结构“not.but.不是而是”。2.【解析】or。考查并列连词。此处表示选择,应用or连接。a cup or two of coffee一两杯咖啡。【技法点金】
2、1.表平行和对等的并列连词:and;both.and.;not only.but also.;neither.nor.2.表示转折和对比的并列连词:but;yet;while 3.表示选择关系的并列连词:or;either.or.4.表示因果关系的并列连词:for;so5.特殊并列连词:when(at that time)was/were about to do sth.when.正要做某事,突然was/were on the point of doing sth.when.正要做某事,突然was/were doing sth.when.正在做某事,突然had just done sth.wh
3、en.刚做完某事,突然6.祈使句/名词短语+and/or+陈述句【易错警示】混淆并列结构与定语从句Life is full of various experiences and of _some are unforgettable.(变式)Life is full of various experiences,of _some are unforgettable.【剖析】题中and连接两个并列句,故填them;题中空格处是“of+which”引导定语从句,先行词是experiences。【过关检测】1.(2016全国卷)In much of Asia,especially the so-cal
4、led“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_ Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.2.Peter,please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.andso3.He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.4.Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs,_ you could have pr
5、oblems.butor技法2 当空格需要填关系词时的解题技巧1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限定性定语从句修饰先行词the pet shop,从句中缺少宾语,应用关系代词which。2.【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Kate,定语从句中缺定语,因此填whose。3.【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Royal Academy of Dance,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导。【技法点金】1.把握关系词选择技巧2.as 和which的使用两注意
6、whichas位置先行词后句首、句中、句末意思这一点,这,这情况正如,正像She has married again,as was expected.正如预料的那样,她又结婚了。He broke the rules again,which was unexpected.他又违规了,这是意料之外的。3.“介词+关系代词”的使用三规则构成用法介词(短语)+which/whom介词提前时,指物只能用which,指人只能用whom数词/形容词最高级/不定代词+of+which/whom表示部分与整体的关系the+名词+of+which/whom表示所属关系,可转化为“whose+名词”【易错警示】混淆
7、定语从句的先行词Well reach the sales targets in a month _we set at the beginning of the year.Well reach the sales targets in a month _we will have a party for celebration.【剖析】题中,先行词为the sales targets,从句中缺少set的宾语,应用that或which引导定语从句;题先行词为month,从句中缺少时间状语,应用when引导定语从句。【过关检测】1.(2019全国卷)They were well trained by
8、their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.who2.(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.3.(2017全国卷)Like anything,it is pos
9、sible to have too much of both,_ is not good for the health.which/thatwhich技法3 当空格需要填从属连词时的解题技巧1.【解析】as。考查连词。as在此处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。2.【解析】that。考查固定句式。此处为so.that.表示“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句。【技法点金】明晰常考的从属连词(1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句;(2)before/after引导时间状语从句;(3)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句;(4)though/although引导让步状语从句
10、;(5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句;(6)where/when 引导地点、时间状语从句;(7)whether.or.引导让步状语从句。【点津】在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般来说,从句是一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。【易错警示】混淆类似连词She has watched TV for half an hour _she reached home.(变式)She had a short rest and then watched TV_ she reached home.【剖析】题中主句时态为现在完成时,要与since引导的时间状语连用;题中主句时态为一般过去时,要与after引
11、导的时间状语连用。【过关检测】1.(2018天津高考)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so _ they get sweet enough to be eaten.2.(2018江苏高考)_ you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.thatUnless3.(2019南充三诊)_ you become queen of this county,you must rule i
12、t well,so that the people will live happily.4.(2016四川高考)_ it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.WhenWhen/If技法4 当空格需要填名词性从句引导词时的解题技巧1.【解析】who。考查名词性从句。分析句子成分,空格处作从句的主语,联系下文中me or the female gorilla可知此处作者把自己和大猩猩作对比,“我不知道我和雌性大猩猩谁更害怕”,故填who。2.【解析】where。考查名词性从句。句意:简沿着绿树成
13、荫的街道漫无目的地走着,根本不知道去往何方。根据句意和句子结构可知,宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连接词,故填where。3.【解析】whether/if。考查名词性从句。句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有。whether/if是否,引导宾语从句。【技法点金】1.牢记连接词的基本用法2.把握what引导名词性从句的意义表示“的东西或事情”;表示“的样子或人”;表示“的数量或数目”;表示“的时间”;表示“的地方”。*A new building has been built in what used to be an old temple.在过去是一座古庙的地方建了一座新建筑。【易错
14、警示】混淆名词性从句中的what和that_ is even amazing is“the Rain of West Lake”,which is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain.(变式)It is even amazing _“the Rain of West Lake”is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain.【剖析】题中主语从句中缺少主语,故用连接代词,指代所发生的事,填Wh
15、at;题中it为形式主语,_“the Rain of West Lake”is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain为真正主语,且从句中不缺少句子成分,故应用连接词that。【过关检测】1.(2019黄山三模)He excitedly pulled hard at it,and _ he saw made him shout,“Wow!A big,shiny gold chain!”2.(2019烟台一模)I just always wanted to combine the two things that I love,and I feel like this is _ I am meant to do.whatwhat3.(2018北京高考)Without his support,we wouldnt be _ we are now.4.(2018江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here,which is _ we arrived.5.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _one can be entirely free from dust.wherehowthat
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