1、第二篇知识运用攻略专题三完形填空第一部分 解题技法总论【考情透析】1.选材体现新课标理念文章的选材注重原汁原味,内容体现了新课标的“关注学生情感,提高人文素养”这一理念,对环境保护、心理问题、校园生活、奇闻趣事等热点话题继续关注。2.题目难度有所上升文章体裁以记叙文(夹叙夹议文)和说明文为主。文章的长度在250词左右,首句不设空。设空的密度相对稳定,平均每14词挖一个空格,通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。试题设置注重“低头翘尾”,第一空难度较低,有助于考生融入语境,但后半段逐渐升华全文主题,难度往往较大。3.强调学生的综合阅读能力文章注重考查学生对语篇的理解,而单纯对
2、词语搭配和语法知识的考查极少。考生在解题时,要站在语篇的角度,结合对上下文的理解,通过具体的语言环境来做出选择,一定要注意“上下联系”和“前思后想”。4.考查重点明晰完形填空多重视考查语言的内容,与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关,所以设空以考查实词为主,包括动词、名词、形容词和副词等,对冠词、连词和介词等虚词考查较少。【策略点睛】解完形填空题的4个步骤 步骤1.细读首句,预测主题 完形填空所选短文首句通常不设空格,因此它往往是了解文章全貌的“窗口”;根据首句可判断文章体裁,推测文章大意,对理解全文有重要的启示作用。步骤2.通览全文,掌握大意 做完形填空时考生应根据首句给予的提示,借助文中的关键词,
3、全面理解全文大意。快速通读全文,理清脉络,抓住主线,做到全局在握是正确解答完形填空题的首要前提。步骤3.瞻前顾后,先易后难(1)瞻前顾后,不要忘记首尾照应。在注意到首句重要性的同时,也不要忽视尾句画龙点睛的作用。要牢记文章的中心思想,每个空格处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。(2)先易后难,就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的、直接的、明显的答案,诸如固定词组、常见句型等。这就增强了信心,减轻了心理压力,以便集中精力解决难度较大的选项。步骤4.复核验证,敲定答案 填空全部完成后,还要通读一遍,根据文章的中心思想以及各段落之间、
4、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系,检查文章的整体;也可以从语法、词义、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。一、设空特点细识别,有的放矢稳拿分二、精通五种答题技巧,有效提高解题效率三、科学思维早养成,考场实战得高分(2019全国卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March1six months out of the year.“Of course,we
5、2it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who works for the towns tourism office.“We see the sky is 3,but down in the valley its darker its like on a 4day.”But that 5when a system of high-tech 6was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民
6、)of Rjukan 7their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8.The mirrorsare controlled by a computer that 9them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the
7、towns central 11,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 12,Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 13there and standing there and taking 14of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 15.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,50
8、0 residents cannot all 16the sunshine at the same time.17,the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18residents.“Its not very 19,”she says,“but it is enough when we are 20.”1.A.onlyB.obviouslyC.nearlyD.precisely2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide4.A.cloudyB.norma
9、lC.different D.warm5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered6.A.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street12.A.appearedB.returnedC.
10、fadedD.stopped13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.sitting14.A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy20.A.tryingB.waitingC.wat
11、chingD.sharing【文章大意】本文为说明文,介绍了挪威小镇利用高科技反射太阳光,解决冬季小镇山谷没有阳光的问题。1.【解析】选C。根据上文“does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March”可知,小镇在九月末到来年三月中旬没有直接的阳光,一共近(nearly)六个月。only只有;obviously明显地;precisely精确地。2.【解析】选D。根据下文“when the sun is shining”可知太阳照射时,当地人可以注意到(notice)有太阳。fear恐惧;believe相信;hear听到。3
12、.【解析】选B。本句是Ro介绍当地没有阳光的情况,根据后文“down in the valley its darker”山谷下面更黑,可知当有太阳时,当地的天是蓝的(blue)。empty空的;high高的;wide宽的。4.【解析】选A。根据前文“down in the valley its darker”山谷下面更黑可知,山谷里天色更暗,像是阴天(cloudy)。normal正常的;different不同的;warm温暖的。5.【解析】选B。根据后文“when a system of high-tech _was introduced to reflect sunlight from ne
13、ighboring peaks into the valley below.”可知当一个高科技系统将阳光从邻近的山峰反射进入山谷时,情况发生了改变(changed)。help帮助;happen发生;matter有关系。6.【解析】选C。根据后文“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”镜子是由电脑控制的,可知这个系统是用镜子(mirrors)反射阳光。computer计算机;telescope望远镜;camera照相机。7.【解析】选C。根据后文“very first ray of winter sunshine”冬日的第一缕阳光,可知当地居民收到(r
14、eceived)冬天里的第一缕阳光。remember记住;forecast预测;imagine想象。8.【解析】选D。根据前文“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to”可知在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板投入使用(use)。put to use固定搭配,意为“使用,利用”。repair修理;risk危险;rest休息。9.【解析】选B。根据后文“to turn along with the sun”随着太阳转动,可知电脑指挥(directs)系统随着太阳转动。forbid禁止;predict预测;follow
15、跟随。10.【解析】选A。根据前文“turn along with the sun”随着太阳转动,和后文“to close during windy weather”在有风的天气关闭,可知系统在白天(day)天气良好的情况下运转。night夜晚;month月;year年。11.【解析】选C。根据后文“The town square was.”也证实应用“square(广场)”。library图书馆;hall大厅,street街道。12.【解析】选A。根据后文“Rjukan residents gathered together.”Rjukan居民聚集在一起,可知阳光出现(appeared)时,
16、居民聚在有阳光的地方。return返回;fade褪色;stop停止。13.【解析】选D。根据后文“standing there and taking _of each other”站在那里,互相拍照,可知居民们聚在广场坐(sitting)或站在那里。drive驾驶;hide隐藏;camp野营。14.【解析】选A。根据前文“taking”,可知本题与其搭配。take pictures拍照,故pictures相片,符合题意。note笔记;care照顾;hold抓住。15.【解析】选B。根据后文“I think almost all the people in the town were there
17、.”我想镇上几乎所有的人都在那里,可知广场已满(full),全都是人。new新的;flat平的;silent沉默的。16.【解析】选C。根据后文“at the same time”同时,可知所有居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block阻止;avoid避免;store储存。17.【解析】选B。根据前文“cannot all _the sunshine at the same time”和后文“the new light feels like more than enough”两句间是转折关系,故However但是,符合题意。Instead相反;Gradually逐渐地;Similarly类
18、似地。18.【解析】选D。根据前文“the new light feels like more than enough”可知渴望冬日阳光的(sun-starved)居民很满意。nature-loving热爱自然的;energy-saving节约能源的;weather-beaten饱经风霜的。19.【解析】选A。根据前文“The 3,500 residents cannot all _the sunshine at the same time.”所有居民不能同时享受阳光,可知阳光照射的地方不太大(big)。clear清楚的;cold冷的;easy容易的。20.【解析】选D。根据前文“but it is enough”但它是足够的,可知阳光照射的广场虽然不大,但居民们分享(sharing)也是足够的。【考场思维模式】
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