1、The Attributive ClauseUnit 5 GrammarSENTENCE STRUCTURE Find out the attributive clause in our text book on page 261.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,went to bed as usual that night.2.It was felt in Beijing,which is one hundred kilometers away.3.A huge crack t
2、hat was eight kilometers long and thirty meter wide cut across houses,roads and canals.4.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more then 400,000.5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had
3、been destroyed.1.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as关系副词：when,where,why如果先行词是指人，用who,whom,whose,that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物，用that,which,whose引导。关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a
4、 thief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which/that is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last nigh
5、t.Can you lend me the book(which/that)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which/that)I wrote with just now?3.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提
6、前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the ma
7、n.I told you about him.He is the man(that/who/whom)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that。4.that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。I a
8、m sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(
9、4)先行词被the only,the very,the same修饰时。在下列情况下只用which,不用that。1，引导非限定性定语从句。2，直接作介词的宾语。3，避免与that重复。Here he worked on a short film,which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shar
10、k.whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。Whose 用来代替 his，her，their，its.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq2.如何选择关系代词?who,whom,whose,which,that口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语指人的关系代词：t
11、hat/who whom whose指物的关系代词：that/which whose在从句中作主语,宾语在从句中作定语在从句中作宾语在从句中作主语,宾语在从句中作定语1.Spielberg,_ _ mother was a teacher,was born in a small town.2.This was a film_ _ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.3.The reason_ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.4.This was the moment _
12、 Spielbergs career really took off.5.Jurassic Park,_Spielberg made in 1993,is about a park_a man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs.6.ET is about a young boy _makes friends with a small creature from outer space.The Attributive Clausewhosein which/wherewhy/for whichwhen/at which whichwherewho/that7.
13、He told everything _he had seen in the traffic accident.8.This was the best model of the TV set_ the factory produced last year.9.Alice,_dress is all red,looks very pretty.10.The first thing _I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment.11.It was heard in Beijing,_ is one
14、hundred kilometers away.12.Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.thatthatwhosethatwhichwhose13.Yesterday I met doctor Wang _ told me the good news of his sons passing the examination.14.The two pupils_you taught three yeas ago have become teachers.15.He began to work in Bei
15、jing in the year_ New China was founded.16.I dont know the reason_ she did nt agree to our plan.17.This is a soldier_ died in the war of ResistanceWho/thatWho/that/whomwhenwhyWho/thatWhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on which(=on
16、the day)=We still remembered the days when we travelled together.=in which(=in the days)The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.when1.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together on the farm.A.when B.which C.where D.in which2.Ill never forget the days _ we studi
17、ed together.A.when B.which C.where D.in which口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语BAwhere引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which(=in the house)=Harvard is a world-famous university.There Wang An got his Doctors degreeHarvard is a world-famous univ
18、ersity whereWang An got his Doctor degree.The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.Which/thatWhy引导的定语从句修饰“reason”，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for which(=for the reason)=I dont believe the reason _ you gave me(that,which)限制性定语从
19、句和非限制性的定语从句 区别 限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开，对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用，去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时，一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。限制性定语从句和非限制性的定语从句 区别 非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用，去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边，作为附加说明。【经典考例】Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in his office.A.which B.that C.this D.it 解析：答案为A。这是一个非限定性定语
20、从句，要用关系代词which 填写。which 在定语从句中作主语。【经典考例】Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_,of course,made the other envy him.A.who B.that C.what D.which 解析：答案为D。这也是一个非限定性定语从句，要用关系代词which 填写。which 在定语从句中作主语。在高考中，关系代词WHICH 引导非限制性定语从句往往经常受到考查，其先行词可以是主中的名词部分，也可以是整个主句，此时WHICH 相当于AND THAT，它的前面
21、常有逗号与主句分开；关系代词THAT 不能引导非限制性定语从句。下面我谈一下学习非限制型定语从句要注意的问题 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义。She heard a terrible noise,_which_ brought her heart into her mouth.她听到了一种可怕的声音，使她的心提到了嗓子眼。关系代词AS引导非限制性定语从句，并在句子中作定语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句可以是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，有时还可以插入主句中，AS 通常翻译成“正如 那样”。As we all k
22、now,he studies very hard.（as 作宾语）我们都知道，他学习很努力。As is known to us all,the earth is round.(as 作主语)众所周知的是，地球是圆的。常见的这种类似插入语的句式有：as is said above,as is known us all,as it is,as was expected 等。句式考点 one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词 the(only/very)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词 Eg.He is one of the students who have made great pr
23、ogress.Tom is the only one of my friends who has been abroad 1.The famous basketball star,_ tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.(北京 2002春季)A、where B、when C、which D、who 答案D真题解析：本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从 句 意 可 知 先 行 词 the famous basketball star（著名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词who。高考链接 The film brought
24、the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)A、until B、that C、when D、where 答案C真题解析：本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。高考链接 3._ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every mont
25、h.(NMET2001)A、It B、As C、That D、what 答案 B真题解析：本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是“正如.”，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当as在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：as is know，as is said，as is reported等，所以本题的答案是B。高考链接 The way _ was thought of by him _ the experiment was similar to the way _ you carried it out.A.that,doing,which B.which,of doing,in which C.what,to do,D.it,of doing,that 【答案】B Darwin counted 225 flowering plants,_ he collected and brought home 193 A.that B.in that C.of which D.all of whichOf 表示所属关系
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