1、2012届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（31-35）附详析 (第31篇)GUATEMALA CITY(Reuters)A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted (适应)to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.The Mangrove Rivulus, a type of small killifish, l
2、ives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs (圆木), said Scott Taylor，a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.Th
3、e fish ，whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize.“We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，”T
4、aylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone. He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.Some other fish can live out of water for a
5、short period of time.The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live ont of water，but only in an inactive state. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and rema
6、in active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canadas University of Guelph.Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.“These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago ，when animals began making the transition (过渡) from water onto
7、 land, ”Wright said.语篇解读最新发现：有一种鱼，即使离开水也能存活。1The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that _.A. likes eating nutsB. prefers living in dry placesC. is the longest living fish on earthD. cau stay alive for two months out of water解析事实细节题。依据在第六段，Taylor说这种鱼离水后能活66天，也就是两个多月。答案D2Who will write up a report on
8、 mangrove Rivulus?A. Patricia Wright.B. Researchers in Guatemala.C. Scientists from Belize.D. Scott Taylor.解析推理判断题。第五段最后一句话告诉我们：明年Scott Taylor将要把对于这种鱼的研究在一份美国杂志上公布于众。答案D3According to the text, lungfish can _.A. breathe through its skinB. move freely on dry landC. remain alive out of waterD. be as ac
9、tive on land as in water解析事实细节题。第七段第二句话告诉我们：lungfish离开水也可以存活。答案C4What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus?A. It was made quite by accident.B. It was based on a lab test of sea life.C. It was supported by an American magazine.D. It was helped by Patricia Wright.解析推理判断题。第五段Taylor的话告诉我们：
10、发现这种鱼是偶然的。答案A (第32篇) “Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example，most of us remember our parents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking，but
11、others have not passed the test of time.Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of gett
12、ing this disease by 40%. Garlic(蒜)is good for you，too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.Unfortunately, not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests t
13、hat there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems？Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold_water,_there is still a lot of truth in t
14、he old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.语篇解读我们大多数人都记得父母告诉我们要吃某些食物或者不要去做某些事情。这些告诫是对的吗？
15、实际上，其中一些是与现在的医学思想相符合的，而另外一些却经不起考验。文章举了例子，并指出即便当我们寻找明确的科学证据来证明它的对错时，我们也应该尊重这类知识。5Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes.B. Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth.C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous.D. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.解析
16、事实细节题。从第三段最后一句Sticky sweels made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.可以看出，sticky sweets的确可以对牙齿造成危害。答案B6The author develops the third paragraph mainly_.A. by cause and effectB. by order in spaceC. by order in time D. by examples解析推理判断题。第三段第一句是主题句。随后，举了饭后一小时内游泳和
17、吃糖这两个例子来证明主题句。因此，这一段是通过举例来构成段落的。答案D7The phrase“ hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“_”A. to be believable B. to be valuableC. to be admirable D. to be suitable解析猜测词义题。从最后一段第一句可知，虽然科学告诉我们有一些传统观念不可信，但是这些老妈妈们的说法还是有一些正确的地方。hold water指“可信的”。答案A8What is the authors attitude toward“old wi
18、ves tales”in the text?A. Subjective. B. Objective.C. Dissatisfied. D. Curious.解析推理判断题。纵观全文，作者既指出了一些传统说法的正确性，又说明了一些传统观念没有科学依据。尤其是文中最后一段作者表明了对这些观念的尊重，因此可以看出作者的态度是客观的。答案B (第33篇)Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard.“I ll be the first millionaire in Coleford！”
19、 Richard used to boast.“And youll be sorry you knew me，” George would reply “because Ill be the best lawyer in town！”George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money. Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street. It was hard to make money from books, w
20、hich made the competition between them worse.Then Richard married a mysterious girl. The couple spent their honeymoon on the coast but Richard never came back.The police found his wallet on a deserted beach but the body was never found. He must have drowned.Now with only one bookshop in town, busine
21、ss was better for George. But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his former rival(竞争对手). Perhaps he missed him?George was very interested in old dictionaries. He d recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition.
22、 When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. He was astonished the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable! Trembling, George sta
23、rted reading.“Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans. The company, owned by multimillionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia.”语篇解读本文讲述了Richard和George竞争的故事。他们上学时就扬言要分别成为百万富翁和最好的律师，结果Richard实现了自己的梦想，George却没有。1George and Richard were _at school.A. roommat
24、esB. good friendsC. competitors D. booksellers解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard”可知两人是竞争对手。答案C2How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance?A. He envied Richards marriage.B. He thought of Richard from time to time.C. He felt
25、 lucky with no rival in town.D. He was guilty of Richard s death.解析细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But sometimes he sat in his narrow，old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window，thinking about his former rival.”可知George有时会想起Richard，故答案为B。答案B3George got information about Richard from _.A. a dictionary collector in A
26、ustraliaB. the latters rivals DylansC. a rare first edition of a dictionaryD. the wrapping paper of a book解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in.”可知George是在包书的报纸上得到了Richard的消息。故答案为D。答案D4What happened to George and Richard in the end?A. Both G
27、eorge and Richard became millionaires.B. Both of them realized their original ambitions.C. George established a successful business while Richard was missing.D. Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.解析根据文章最后一段可知Richard最后成功了，而George依然开着书店，没有成为百万富翁，也没有成为有名的律师，A、B、C三项的表述都错误，所以答
28、案为D。答案D (第34篇)Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.Recite and repeat in conversation.When you hear a person s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound
29、 forced or artificial.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.You can let other people help you remember their names.After youve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort youre making to learn their na
30、mes.Admit you don t know.Admitting that you can t remember someone s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, “I m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again？”Use associations.Link each person you meet with one
31、 thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note：“Vicki Cheng tall, black hair.” To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.When meeting a group of people, concentrate on rem
32、embering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering everyone. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.Go early.Consider going early to conferences, parties and cl
33、asses.Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others an automatic review for you.语篇解读文章讲述了记住别人的名字是一项重要的社交技能，并就此提供了一些方法技巧。5How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?A
34、. They will be moved.B. They will be annoyed.C. They will be delighted.D. They will be discouraged.解析细节理解题。由文章提到的第二种方法中的“Most people will be pleased by the effort youre making to learn their names”内容就可得出答案，pleaseddelighted。答案C6If you cant remember someones name, you may _.A. tell him the truth B. te
35、ll him a white lieC. ask him for pity D. ask others to help you解析细节判断题。由文章提到的第三种方法的内容，即可得出答案。答案A7When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember_.A. all their namesB. a couple of names firstC. just their last namesD. as many names as possible解析细节判断题。由文章提到的第五种方法中的“When meeting a group of pe
36、ople，concentrate on remembering just two or three names.”内容即可得出答案。答案B8What does the text mainly tell us?A. Tips on an important social skill.B. Importance of attending parties.C. How to make use of associations.D. How to recite and repeat names.解析主旨大意题。由文章首段即可得出答案。答案A (第35篇)We have met the enemy, an
37、d he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkeypox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections (感染) we t
38、hink of as human infections started in other animals，” says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.It s not just that we re going to where the animals are；we re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease
39、 to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I don t think it s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them，” says Isaksen.“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas witho
40、ut stricter control need changing，” says Peter Schantz. Monkeypox may be the_wakeup_call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug (病毒) may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful (有害的). Monkeypox doesn
41、t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.语篇解读饲养宠物可能被传染疾病。猴痘本是非洲雨林中的一种疾病，现在突然出现在美国西部的孩子们的身上。我们认为的大多数只有人类才会感染的疾病其实就是来自动物。国家要制定严格的法律，控制外来动物把疾病传播给人类。1We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may _.A. come from ColumbiaB. prevent
42、 us from being infectedC. enjoy being with childrenD. suffer from monkeypox解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、二两句话可知，我们从宠物商店购买的动物身上携带疾病，这种动物能将之传播给人类。下文以猴痘为例说明作者的观点。答案D2Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?A. They attack human beings.B. We need to study native animals.C. They can t live out of the ra
43、in forest.D. We do not know much about them yet.解析推理判断题。从第二段中的“A strange illness killed Isaksens pets，and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them”可知答案为D。答案D3What does the phrase “the wakeup call”
44、in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. a new diseaseB. a clear warningC. a dangerous animal D. a morning call解析词义猜测题。根据文章的内容可知，猴痘是一种从非洲的动物身上传播到人类身上的疾病，这种情况给人类带来了一种警示：不要随意把野外的动物带回家中饲养，以免使宠物主人感染疾病。“the wakeup call”表示“一种警示”。答案B4The text suggests that in the future we_.A. may have to fight against more new diseasesB. may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC. should not be allowed to have petsD. should stop buying pets from Africa解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后三句可知，人类今后可能面临更多疾病的挑战。答案A