1、Section Discovering Useful Structures Grammar基本句型结构1Im not outgoing.2I just had my first maths class in senior high school! 3He even told us a funny story.4I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.5Everyone laughed so much.6I love my school.7We all succeeded.8There is a park a
2、t the foot of the mountain.我的发现匹配上面的句子与其所对应的句型结构ASVBSVOCSP DSVIODOESVOC FSVAGSVOA HThere be句型答案：15CGDEF68BAH一、七种句子成分1主语(subject)主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的“是谁”或是“什么”。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing形式以及名词性从句等担任。TV news often gives us lots of information.(名词短语)电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。Something is wrong with my com
3、puter.(代词)我的电脑坏了。Seventenths of the earth surface is covered with water.(数词)十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。To see is to believe.(动词不定式)眼见为实。Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.(动词ing形式)骑自行车和划船是我最喜欢的业余爱好。That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents.(主语从句)她被重点大学录取这件事给了她
4、父母极大的安慰。2谓语(verb)谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后，凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。He practises running every morning.(简单谓语)他每天早晨锻炼跑步。Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.(复合谓语)上海发生了巨大的变化。点津系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。We are students.我们是学生。3表语(predicative)表语是说明主语“是什
5、么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式及短语、动词ing形式和表语从句等充当。My favorite attraction is the Great Wall.(名词)我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。Who is there？(副词)谁在那儿？Its me.(代词)是我。English is both useful and important.(形容词)英语有用且重要。The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.(介词短语)紫禁城位于北京市中心。The greatest happiness is to w
6、ork for the happiness of all.(动词不定式短语)最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。My hobby is collecting stamps.(动词ing形式)我的爱好是集邮。My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.(表语从句)我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。4宾语(object)宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词或介词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动词ing形式或宾语从句等充当。The children
7、are flying kites.(名词)孩子们正在放风筝。Call me any time.(代词)请随时给我打电话。I decide to pick up a new foreign language.(动词不定式短语)我决定学一门新的外语。Do you mind passing me the dictionary？(动词ing形式)请把词典递给我，好吗？Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.(宾语从句)你的成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。5宾语补足语(object complement)有
8、些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、现在分词(短语)或过去分词(短语)等充当。He has proved himself an experienced teacher.(名词短语)他证明了自己是一名经验丰富的教师。We have decided to paint the room pink.(形容词)我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。My mother always keeps everything in good order.(介词短语)我妈妈总是把一
9、切安排得井然有序。The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.(动词不定式短语)老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。I heard the telephone ringing.(现在分词)我听见电话铃正在响。He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.(过去分词短语)他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。6定语(attributive)定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、
10、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。There is a beautiful picture in my room.(形容词)我房间里有一幅漂亮的画。These are apple trees.(名词)这些是苹果树。The men here are always busy working on the farm.(副词)这里的男人总是忙于在农场干活。There is nothing to do today.(不定式)今天没有事要做。The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.(现在分词、过去分词短语)那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。7状语(a
11、dverbial)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。Im very pleased to see you.(副词)见到你我非常高兴。Ill be back in a while.(介词短语)我一会儿就回来。When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.(状语从句)她12岁的时候，开始在大连生活。Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.(分词作状语)和妻子吵了一架后，他愤
12、怒地离开了家。即时演练一写出画线部分所作的成分The manager made them work day and night宾语补足语A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.谓语The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly表语They lived in the room above定语He goes to work by bus状语二、八种基本句型结构说明：主语“ ”；谓语“”；宾语“”；表语“”；宾补；定语“()”；状语“”。1主语谓语(SV)这种句型结
13、构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故其后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。The sun is rising太阳正在升起。The little boy is crying小男孩正在哭泣。2主语谓语宾语(SVO)(1)这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语)，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。He is watching TV他正在看电视。
14、Last weekend our class held a speech contest上个周末， 我们班举行了演讲比赛。(2)在“动词介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。Please wake Li Ling up (wake up Li Ling) at 6：30 in the morning.()Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.()Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.()3主语(系动词)表语(SP
15、)这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound、 look、 smell、 taste、 feel)；变化系动词(become、 get、 grow、 turn、 go、 fall、 run)；持续系动词(remain、 keep、 hold、 stay)；表象系动词(seem、 appear、 look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。Everything looks different一切看起来都不同了。Computers are useful in peoples life.电脑在人们的生活中有用
16、。The problem remains to be settled问题依然需要解决。4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVIODO)这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有：give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有：buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。H
17、e bought me a birthday present他给我买了一个生日礼物。I showed him my pictures我给他看我的照片。5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：(1)使役动词：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；(2)感官动词或短语：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；(3)其他动词：ask、 tell、 ord
18、er、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。Mike told me not to go now.迈克告诉我不要现在走。They painted the door green.他们把门刷成了绿色。6主语谓语状语(SVA)该句型结构中的谓语通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The time passed quickly.时光飞逝。7主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)该句型结构中的谓语通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语。The boy needs a pen
19、 very much.这男孩儿十分需要一支钢笔。I waited for him at the school gate.我在校门口等他。8存现句(There be句型)There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是“There is/are/was/were.地点状语”。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、 used to be (曾经有) 等。There is a piano in my study.在我的书房里有一架钢琴。There are 56 stud
20、ents in my class.我的班里有56名学生。即时演练二写出下列句子所属的句型结构This kind of food tastes terrible.SPHe studies hard.SVAThere are several books on the desks.There be句型He made me very angry.SVOCI visited many places of interest with my family last week.SVOATom will bring me several English books tomorrow.SVIODOlook for
21、ward to盼望；期待(to为介词) (教材p.6)Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.汤姆正盼望着迎接这名新的交换生。look into往里看；调查look out向外看；当心；小心look down on/upon俯视；轻视；看不起佳句We very much look forward to doing business with you.我们深切希望与贵公司进行交易。练透单句语法填空He stood up and looked forward to see (see) what was going on
22、outside.A good teacher never looks down on/upon slow students.The day that he had looked forward to came (come) at last.写美补全句子The children are looking forward to receiving lucky money, playing happily with each other, and setting off fireworks.孩子们盼望着收到压岁钱，一起高兴地玩耍、放烟火。点津(1)在look forward to中，to为介词，其后要
23、接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。(2)look forward意为“向前看”，其后所接动词不定式表目的。维度一：基础题型练写出下列句子中画线部分所作的成分。1The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital表语2To be or not to be is a question.主语3His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully宾语补足语4The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday
24、.宾语补足语5Is he the man who wants to see you？定语6This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends宾语7I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul宾语8What you explained just now didnt satisfy me.主语9We must get together again some day状语10If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
25、状语维度二：语法与写作用给出的句子结构翻译下列句子。1现在这种活动在中学里变得很受欢迎。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)We havent decided when to discuss the problem again.3奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的玩具娃娃。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语
26、谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we can hear him read English aloud.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.6美国的历史开始于此。(主语谓语状语)The history of America began here.7你会发现英语容易学。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find English easy to learn.8我认为一切都会好起来。(主语系动词表语)I believe everything wil
27、l be all right.维度三：语法与语篇阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的句型结构。1My parents love me very muchHowever，they like making almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion，2.deciding everything for children does not help them b
28、ut harm them in many waysFirstly，3.it will make children less confident，4.which is useless to their developmentSecondly，in many cases parents dont care about childrens personal ideas and interests，5.which will influence their growth greatlyAs a result, 6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believ
29、e to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us chances to make our decisionsThey may help us make choices instead of replacing us to make choices.After all，8.there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves答案：1.主语谓语宾语状语2.主语谓语宾语状语3.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语4.主语系动词表语5.主语谓语宾语状语6.主语谓语7主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语8.There be句型