1、专题3 第7讲.单句语法填空1(2020山东省潍坊市二模)After receiving a message from Rylee Anderson,12， she was struggling with a math problem，Waba grabbed a whiteboard and hurried to her front door.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在收到12岁的Rylee Anderson的信息后，信息里说她被一道数学题难住了。分析句子结构可知，前后句不缺成分，而句意上a message的内容就应该是学生被数学题难住这个事实，考虑同位语从句，要用th
2、at引导。故填that。2(2020北京市东城区高三下学期阶段性检测)Soon，it is hoped scientists can put the robot to work to protect the Great Barrier Reef.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：科学家有望不久之后将这种机器人用于保护大堡礁的工作中。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是从句scientists can put the robot to work to protect the Great Barrier Reef.，句意完整，成分齐全，that引导主语从句，无词义，不作成分，“i
3、tbe分词that从句”是常见句型。故填that。3(2020吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测)My favorite one was the basketball dunking(扣篮) area， included a full-height basketball hoop above runway trampolines.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的是篮球扣篮区，那里有一个在跑道蹦床上方的全高篮球篮筐。此处area是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。4(2020湖北黄冈中学高三2月网络联考)If
4、 you are motivated by overcoming challenges，look for a career you can continually fight to get to a higher level.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为a career，指地点，在定语从句中做状语，故引导词应为关系副词where。故填where。5(2020湖北省八校(黄冈中学、华师一附中、襄阳四中、襄阳五中、荆州中学等)高三第二次联考)Another reason is many of todays young people believe its wr
5、ong to kill animals for food.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意：另一个原因是，今天的许多年轻人认为为了食物而杀死动物是错误的。分析句子可知，本句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺少成分，只缺少一个引导词，此时要用that 引导表语从句。故填that。6(2020湖南省长沙市第一中学高三月考)His announcement on Monday the virus could spread between humans ratcheted up(加大) worries about the outbreak.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。此处为同位语从句修饰
6、先行词announcement，且从句中不缺少成分，故用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。7(2020湘赣皖长郡十五校高三第二次联考英语试题)Happy Birthday to You is a happy song， the story behind it may not be known to all.【答案】while/but【解析】考查连词。句意：生日快乐歌是一首欢快的歌，但它背后的故事却鲜为人知。分析前后句逻辑关系可知，这里要用表转折的连词。故填while/but。8(2020陕西宜川中学高三第三次模拟 )On the other hand， they cannot
7、say exactly why，mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.【答案】though/although【解析】考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they cannot say判断是表示让步的句子，表示“虽然”可以用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。9(2020安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检)When he
8、 first used this expression，Franklin was not talking about disease rather fire prevention.【答案】but【解析】考查连词。句意：当富兰克林第一次使用这个短语时，他并不是在谈论疾病，而是在谈论防火。分析前后两句的内容可知，前后两句是表示选择关系，not.but.“不是而是”。故填but 。10(2020辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟)You can shop you like as the online shops are open 24 hours a day and you do not have t
9、o queue with other shoppers.【答案】whenever/when【解析】考查连词。句意：当你想购物时你可以随时购物，因为网上商店24小时营业，你不必和其他购物者排队。此处为时间状语从句，可表示“当你想购物时”用when引导；也可表示“你可以随时购物”，用whenever引导。故填whenever/when。.单句改错1(2020河北省衡水中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试)It is also strongly recommended those used textbooks not be thrown away but be recycled.【答案】those前加tha
10、t【解析】考查主语从句。句意：还强烈建议那些用过的教科书不要扔掉，而是要回收利用。此处是it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，that不能省略。故在those前加that。2(2020湖北宜昌三月线上调研)Word quickly got around which he was from New York.【答案】which改为that【解析】考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：他来自纽约的消息很快传开了。固定句式Word quickly got around that. “消息很快传开了”，that引导的是同位语从句，作Word的同位语。故将which改为that。3(2020河南省部分
11、学校联考高三阶段性测试)It seems that they are always ready to help whomever is in need.【答案】whomever改为whoever【解析】考查连词。此处为宾语从句，从句中引导词作主语，表示“无论谁”，应用whoever引导。故whomever改为whoever。4(2020山西省太原五中高三月考)I was about to get up from the sofa while I felt dizzy as if everything were spinning around.【答案】while改成when【解析】考查固定句式。
12、be about to do sth.。when.“正要做某事，这时候.”。故把while改成when。5(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试)Every time we get on a plane，were asked to neither turn off our phones or change them to flight modeits for “security reasons”【答案】neither改为either【解析】考查并列连词。句意：每次上飞机时，我们都被要求要么关机，要么把手机调到飞行模式。根据句意，此处是eitheror并列结构，意思为“要么要么，或者或者
13、”。故neither改为either。6(2020云南省昆明市第一中学高三模拟)What I couldnt imagine was when the guy behind me even began to have a conversation right there in the theater.【答案】when改为that【解析】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：让我难以想象的是坐在我后面的那个人就直接在电影院煲起了电话粥。分析句子结构可知，此句为表语从句，且表语从句中不缺少任何成分，应用that引导。故将when改为that。7(2020河北省衡水中学高三七调)My brother does
14、nt study very hard，and he always gets excellent grades.【答案】and改为but【解析】考查连词。句意：我哥哥学习不是很努力，但他总是取得优异的成绩。前后句形成转折关系。故将and改为but。8(2020安徽省江南十校高三综合素质检测)Soon，my grandfather reached when I was.【答案】when改为where【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。reach此处意为“到达”，是及物动词，后接一个缺乏引导词的宾语从句，分析语境可知，此处表示祖父到达了我在的地方，所以用表地点的where。故将when改为where。9(2
15、020四川省成都市天府中学高三模拟)The month-long volunteer work has now come to an end，from what I understand that it isnt easy to be a good guide.【答案】what改为which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个月时间的志愿工作现在已经结束了，从中我理解了做一名好的向导很不容易。本题定语从句的先行词是the month-long volunteer work，关系代词which指代先行词，充当介词from的宾语，what不能引导定语从句。所以要把what改为which。10(2020
16、山西省临汾市高考模拟)I was doing my days work while I noticed a bumblebee on the skylight.【答案】while改为when【解析】考查连词。句意：我正在做我的日常工作，这时我注意到天窗上有一只大黄蜂。本句是固定句式be doing sth.when.，意为“正在做某事这时”，其中是when是并列连词。故将while改为when。.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are a
17、ny indication，the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually 1 (trace) back to bats.One bat can host many different viruses 2 getting sick.In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe，scientists in China and Singapore reported their 3 (investigate) of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.
18、The energy demands of fight 4 (be) so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldnt be.Mammals，including bats，have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA 5 might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.But in ba
19、ts，they found，evolution has weakened that system，which would 6 (normal) cause inflammation(炎症) 7 it fought the viruses.Bats have lost some genes involved in that response，which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very 8 (damage) to the body.They have 9 (balance) weakened response，but
20、it is still there.Thus，the researchers write，this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of effective response but not over response against viruses.”Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully，well aware that an outbreak like the current 10 would most likely
21、 happen.【答案】1.be traced2.without3.investigation4are5.which6.normally7.as/ when8.damaging9balanced10.one【解析】本文是说明文。新冠状病毒的起源是蝙蝠。文章解释了蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而自身不生病的原因。1考查语态。句意：如果之前的冠状病毒的爆发给了一些暗示，那么这次武汉的疫情蔓延可以归源于蝙蝠。短语trace back to “可追溯到，始于”作谓语；句子主语the Wuhan strain和trace back to 之间是逻辑上的被动关系；在情态动词may后接动词原形，因此用be
22、done形式。故填be traced。2考查介词。句意：蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而不生病。根据常识可以推理，蝙蝠可以携带病毒，但自身不生病。故填without。3考查名词。句意：在2018年发表于细胞宿主与微生物的一篇论文中，中国和新加坡的科学家们报道了他们关于蝙蝠是如何应对一种叫基因感知的东西的调查。分析句子结构，所填词作谓语动词reported的宾语，应用名词作宾语；investigate是动词，名词形式为investigation。 故填investigation。4考查主谓一致。句意：这种斗争的能量需求是如此之大，以至于体内的细胞会分解并释放少量的DNA，然后这些DNA就会漂浮在
23、它们不应该在的地方。句子主语是The energy demands of fight，中心词demands是复数，谓语be动词也应用复数形式；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。5考查定语从句。句意：哺乳动物，包括蝙蝠，有办法识别和对这少量的DNA作出反应，而这些DNA可能意味着一种致病微生物的入侵。分析句子结构，设空处后是定语从句，先行词是such bits of DNA，指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。6考查副词。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。修饰谓语动词 cause，应用副词形式。
24、故填normally。7考查时间状语从句。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。 根据句意，设空处后是时间状语从句，意思为“当他们在与病毒作斗争时”，因此用as/ when引导时间状语从句。故填as/ when。8考查形容词。句意：蝙蝠失去了一些与这种反应有关的基因，这是有道理的，因为炎症本身对身体有很大的伤害。在be动词后，应接形容词作表语；damage是动词，形容词是damaging，意思为“有破坏性的，损坏的”。故填damaging。9考查时态。句意： 他们已经平衡了减弱的反应，但它仍然存在。根据句意，该句是现在完成时，表示对现在的影
25、响；空前有have，应填过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填balanced。10考查代词。句意： 中国的科学家已经在仔细研究蝙蝠，清楚地知道像现在这样的爆发很可能会发生。不定代词one表示替代具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”，以避免重复。根据句意，此处用不定代词one指代 an outbreak。故填one。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出
26、修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2020福建省泉州市高三测试)Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all age.People skip rope for fun and exercise.Every student can learn to skip.You can skip alone or with my classmates.If you skip alone，you just need short rope about double the length o
27、f your high.You cant turn to the rope too fast so that you can skip safe.It might help if you can sing a rhyme while skips.When you skip rope，your heart beats fast than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore，stop for a rest after you injure yourself.So，pick up a rope，finding a silly rhyme and sta
28、rt skipping.【答案】Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all .People skip rope for fun and exercise.Every student can learn to skip.You can skip alone or with classmates.If you skip alone，you just need short rope about double the length of your .You cant turn to the rope too fast so that you
29、can skip .It might help if you can sing a rhyme while .When you skip rope，your heart beats than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore，stop for a rest you injure yourself.So，pick up a rope， a silly rhyme and start skipping.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍老少皆宜的跳绳运动。1考查名词复数。句意：跳绳是一项老少皆宜的运动。根据all可知后面用名词复数。故把age改成ag
30、es。2考查形容词性物主代词。句意：你可以一个人跳，也可以和同学一起跳。此处指和“你的”同学。故把my改成your。3考查不定冠词a。句意：如果你独自跳绳，你只需要一根短绳，长度是你身高的两倍。此处指“一”根短绳。故在need后加a。4考查名词。句意：如果你独自跳绳，你只需要一根短绳，长度是你身高的两倍。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，此处指“高度”。故把high改成height。5考查及物动词。句意：为了安全跳跃，你不能把绳子转得太快。此处turn是及物动词，意思是“转动”，后面直接跟宾语。故去掉turn后面的to。6考查副词。句意：为了安全跳跃，你不能把绳子转得太快。此处skip是动词，由副词修
31、饰。故把safe改成safely。7考查现在分词作时间状语。句意：如果你能边跳边唱一首押韵的歌可能会有帮助。此处while“当时候”，是状语从句的省略，省略了相同的主语和be动词，即while(you are)skipping.。故把skips改成skipping。8考查形容词比较级。句意：当你跳绳时，你的心跳会比平时快，你的身体会感到压力。根据句中than可知此处用形容词比较级。故把fast改成faster。9考查从属连词。句意：因此，在你受伤之前，停下来休息一下。结合句意可知此处是before引导的时间状语从句。故把after改成before。10考查祈使句。句意：所以，拿起一根绳子，找一个可笑的韵律，开始跳绳。此处是三个并列的祈使句。故把finding改成find。
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