1、专题11阅读理解之组合练A（2020.江苏卷B）Sometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles, splendid homes and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品
2、场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first
3、 appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards
4、.About that time, Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had se
5、en how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important fo
6、r the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone box
7、es and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated ar
8、ound $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I “like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.1. The phone boxes are making a comeback _.A. to form a beautiful sight of the ci
9、tyB. to improve telecommunications servicesC. to remind people of a historical periodD. to meet the requirement of green economy2. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A. They were not well-designed.B. They provided bad services.C. They had too short a history.D. They lost
10、 to new technologies.3. The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of _.A. their new appearance and lower pricesB. the push of the local organizationsC. their changed roles and functionsD. the big funding of the businessmenB（2020全国卷I B）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like
11、 drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea
12、that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has t
13、o pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious ye
14、t simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which mig
15、ht add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread
16、 in order to better understand your friends.4. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. Its a window to a whole new world.C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.5. What do we know about the book A Moveable
17、 Feas!?A. Its a brief account of a trip.B. Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.6. What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.7. What can we infer about
18、 the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.C(2020全国卷II B)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an ex
19、pert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, educat
20、ion and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who
21、 played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles
22、 at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were
23、 more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.8. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.9. What did Levin
24、e take into consideration when designing her experiment？A. Parents age.B. Childrens imagination.C. Parents education.D. Child-parent relationship.10. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more
25、spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.11. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program.D(2019 北京C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbe
26、rs they dont know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，its too little，too late. By the ti
27、me these “solutions(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a n
28、umber of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this years I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionis
29、t and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scam
30、mers can easily learn your mother s name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly
31、 like your bank teller s，ricking you into confirming your address，mothers name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may we
32、aken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they we
33、re made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.12. How does the author feel a
34、bout the solutions to problem of robecalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.13. Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can_.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely14. What does the passage imply?A. Ho
35、nesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robo
36、eallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyE（2020全国卷II）Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. _16_. Its been reported that
37、76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. _17_, encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from a
38、ge 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. _18_. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to lea
39、rn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? _19_. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile._20_ and emoji can contribute directly to t
40、hat positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.A. Message with emojis feel more conversationalB. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to collea
41、gues may seem strangeD. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platformA【答案
42、】1. C 2. D 3. C这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来，一些商人使电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化，电话亭又变得流行起来。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Sometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles, splendid homes. and red phone boxes.(有时候真的很难放手。对
43、许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品-古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅还有红色的电话亭)和最后一段Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.(英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代)可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing i
44、n the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.(在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in
45、 cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.(随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，改装后的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色)和第六段In rural areas,
46、where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.(在农村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用)以及第七段Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.(其他人也在电话亭寻找商机)可推断出，电话亭之所以变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。B【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A这是一
47、篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present
48、register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”
49、可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他
50、们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。C 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中found children who play with
51、puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education
52、 and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They
53、are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。D【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally
54、waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知
55、，我们通过支持和开发旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information ha
56、s led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you us
57、ing a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mothers name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一
58、句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。【15题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了
59、语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。E【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。【16题详解】根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.
60、(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。【17题详解】根据前句“Using
61、 emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。【18题详解】根据前句“In any given office, employees can
62、range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。【19题详解】根据前句“ Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ru
63、ined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。【20题详解】根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
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