1、Section Grammar非谓语动词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.The building bei
2、ng built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 15031506，the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.1.句中黑体部分在句中均作主语。句中黑体部分在句中均作表语。句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。2.根据句可知，动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语。3.句中，黑体部分为动词ing形式的被动式，在句中分别作定语和宾语。4.句中黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状
3、语。考点一非谓语动词和基本形式时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing动词ing形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动词ed形式一般式done考点二非谓语动语的用法1不定式和动名词作主语不定式作主语表示具体动作；动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作。To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。Reading aloud is a good wa
4、y to learn English.大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。名师点津不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面；而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用it作形式主语。It is no use(no good，fun，a waste of time.)doing sth.即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空Walking(walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.To master(master) a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory wor
5、k.It is difficult to see(see) how more savings can be made.It is no use crying(cry)2不定式和动名词作宾语(1)except，but作介词时后面也可以跟不定式，但多用于否定句和疑问句。He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.他别无选择，只能躺下睡觉。Tom did nothing last night except to watch TV.除了看电视，汤姆昨晚什么也没干。(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语：agree，promise，learn，fail，dec
6、ide，plan，manage等。They managed to escape from the burning building.他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语：allow/permit，consider，suggest/advise/propose/recommend，be busy，insist on，practise，appreciate等。I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。(4)有些动词后
7、既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别，常见的有：begin，start，continue，prefer，love，like等；而有些两者意义完全不同，常见的有：remember，forget，try，regret，mean等。As soon as he arrived at the school，he began reading/to read his English book.他一到学校就开始看英语书。Dont forget to post the letter for me when you pass the post office.当你经过邮局时，别忘了替我把这封信寄出去
8、。Ill never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。(5)有些动词(如need，want，require，bear等)后可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这幢房子需要修缮。This kind of cloth bears washing/to be washed.这种布料很耐洗。即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空She has arranged to see(se
9、e) her parents next week.I gave up writing(write) five years ago.Does Betty have any choice but to do(do) as you tell her?3不定式、动名词和分词作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于什么也不做。Her job is teaching.她的职业就是教书。名师点津如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示
10、结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。Helping others is helping yourself.帮助别人就是帮助自己。(2)分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征；过去分词作表语多用来描述人或高级动物的心理状态。例如：表示“人对感兴趣”就用sb.be interested in.，表示“人/物本身有趣”就用sb./sth.be interesting。这类词常见的有：intere
11、sting/interested，exciting/excited，delighting/delighted，disappointing/disappointed等。即时演练3完成句子我对这本书很感兴趣。I am interested in the book.他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。His habit is walking the dog after supper.她的愿望是成为一名演员。Her wish is to become an actress4不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语动词不定式作补足语表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。We watche
12、d her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。巧学助记(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词宾语动词不定式：劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend，teach，order，command，ask，tell)；允许又警告(allow，permit，warn)；使役表意向(cause，let，have，make，lead，set，leave，ge
13、t，wish，want，expect)；知觉动词妙(feel，hear，watch，see，observe，notice)；且要省略to。(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，notice，observe，listen to，look at，leave，catch等。He kept the car waiting at the gate.他把小汽车停在门口。名师点津感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时(watch，notice除外)，省略的to则必须加上。即
14、时演练4完成句子车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。I couldnt make myself heard above the noise of the traffic.我看到他把你的词典拿走了。I saw him take your dictionary away我看见他正在上楼。I saw him going upstairs5不定式、动名词和分词作定语(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。He is a pleasant fellow to work with.他是个很好共事的人。The man to come to our
15、assistance is Mike.要来帮助我们的人是迈克。(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成for短语。a swimming poola pool for swimming(动名词)(3)分词作定语现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves 落叶China is a developing country，not a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。名师点津动名词作定语通常表示用途read
16、ing room 阅览室operating table 手术台swimming pool 游泳池singing competition 歌咏比赛drinking water 饮用水即时演练5用所给词的适当形式填空Have you got anything to say(say) at the meeting?The car repaired(repair) yesterday by him is my mothers.The man standing(stand) at the gate is my English teacher.6非谓语动词作状语的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、
17、结果状语等。In order to arrive there on time，I got up early.为了按时到达那里，我很早就起床了。Hes old enough to go to school himself.他大到可以自己去上学了。She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。Jack hurried to the booking office，only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only t
18、o be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)I am glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)(2)动词ing形式(现在分词)和动词ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。Seeing the teacher，he ran into the classroom.看见老师，他跑进了教室。Surrounded by a group of pupil
19、s，the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。Being Party members，we should take the lead in everything.作为党员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。名师点津动词ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时，则情况不是这样。Judging by the direction of the wind，it wont rain today.根据风向判断，今天不会下雨。Generally speaking，the more expensive the
20、 camera，the better its quality.一般说来，照相机越贵，质量就越好。即时演练6句型转换After he had watered the garden，he began to mow the lawn.Having watered the garden，he began to mow the lawn.When they are heated，metals expand.Heated，metals expand.She awoke，so that she found herself lost in the forest.She awoke，only to find h
21、erself lost in the forest.单句语法填空1I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working(work) with students.2The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.3I find some students in this school often punished(punish) by the teachers.4Having lived(live) in
22、 London for years, I almost know every place quite well.5They havent agreed on whether to build(build) a factory here or not.6Having experienced many failures，I have the courage to meet(meet) all challenges.7There are a lot of people standing(stand) in line waiting for the bus.8The committee permitt
23、ed us to go(go) ahead with our building plan.9He ran to the station，only to find(find) the bus had left.10Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin.11Im looking forward to seeing(see) her again in the near future.12The man made all the workers work(work) fifteen hours a day.13You had bett
24、er not miss(miss) the chance to enjoy it.14She tried to make herself understood(understand) in English.15When I entered the room，I saw him seated(seat) at the back of the room.16Left(leave) alone in a dark room，the little girl was so frightened at the frightening sound.17I found it astonishing(astonish) that none of you liked the film.18All her time devoted to looking(look) after 3 children，she has no time for films.19He stood up and went out of the room，saying(say) nothing.20Though told(tell) many times，he always forgot how to run the machine.