1、Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1 FriendshipLearning about language1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.Discovering useful words and expressions 1._ not inside a building2._ feeling disturbed3._ to be worried about4._ free,not tied up5._ to experience something6._ to
2、take no notice of outdoorsgo throughlooseupsetignorebe concerned about7._ staying close to and looking at somebody8._ to become quiet after nervous activity9._ piece of material hung to cover a window10._ number of things that happen one after anothercalm downcurtainseriesface to faceAnnes sister,Ma
3、rgot,was very _ that the family had to move.However,she knew that she had to _ all the difficulties with her family.She found it difficult to settle and _ in the hiding place,because she was _ whether they would be discovered.concerned aboutupsetgo throughcalm down2 Complete this passage with some o
4、f the words and phrases above.She suffered from loneliness,but she had to learn to like it there.What she really missed was going _ walking the dog for her neighbour.It was such fun to watch it run _ in the park.She wished she could tell her neighbour_ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any
5、longer,but she knew that was too dangerous!outdoorslooseface to face1.When the man saw the car accident 2.on the highway,he stopped _ 3.offer help.2.“How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and _?It will only make her worse.”said the doctor.3 Complete the sentences usin
6、g words and expressions from the text.in order todusty3.After Peter died,George _ the story of their friendship in a book.4.When the street lights go on _,they make a beautiful picture,so different from the daytime.5.Good friends do not _ what they do for each other;instead they offer help when it i
7、s needed.set downat duskadd up6.Although Tim and Mike come from _ different backgrounds,they became close friends.7.Please draw the _;the sunlight is too bright.8.“Sorry,I didnt break the plate _.”“Its OK.Dont worry about it.”entirelycurtainson purposeGrammarDirect and Indirect Speech 直接引语:直接引用别人的话,
8、把它放在引号内。(direct speech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirect speech)I am a beautiful girl.She said that she was a beautiful girl.What did the girl say?1.转述他人的陈述陈述句She asked me what I was doing.She said,“Im going to Beijing.”She said that she was going to Beijing.He asked,“Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/wheth
9、er I was a doctor.She asked,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that,不可直接说 told that。直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化He said,“I have been to Japan.”He said to us that he had been to Japan.She said,“Ill giv
10、e you an exam tomorrow.”She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.陈述句解题步骤:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that(I dont like computers.)didntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/
11、us等),语序是陈述句的语序。一般疑问句Tom said,“Do you have any difficulty with English?”Tom asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with English.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)Th
12、ey asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.(it is easy to improve thecondition of the soil.)askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improvethe condition of the soil.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。特殊疑问句He said to me,“Where are you from?”He asked me where I was fr
13、om.He asked us,“How many factories are there in your country?”He asked us how many factories there were in our country.特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked him Whenyou harvest the wheat(you harvest the wheat.)heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.He aske
14、d,“Do you speak English or Chinese?”He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.I asked,“Will you take a bus or on foot?”I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.用whetheror表达(不用if/eitheror)选择疑问句谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the e
15、ast and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变。The children said,“We love this game.”The children told us that they lovethat game.She says that shell never forget the days in the country.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现
16、在时态,在引述时,时态不变。She says,“Ill never forget the days in the country.”Direct speechIndirect speechSentencestructurestatementsay/tell sb.(that)+从句一般疑问句ask/wonder whether/if+陈述句语序特殊疑问句ask/wonder wh-word+陈述句语序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称和指示代词变化3.注意时间和地点的变化4.注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect sp
17、eech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechPronouns第一人称第三人称第二人称第一或第三人称thisthatthesethoseDirect SpeechIndirect Speech时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforethis week/month that week/monthlast week/month that week/monthbeforethree days agothree
18、days beforetomorrowthe next day/the following day地点状语herethereDirect SpeechIndirect Speech方向性动词come go bring takeborrowlend 直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould(不变)willwouldwouldWould(不变)maymightmightmight(不变)cancouldcouldcould(不变)mustmust/had toHe said heplays footballis playinghas playedplay
19、edwill playhad playedplayed footballwas playinghad playedhad playedwould playhad playedAttention:When direct speech is about:a)a truth 真理b)a timetable 时间表c)a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语d)An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in ind
20、irect speech.1.He said,“the earth goes around the sun.”2.2.He said,“The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3.3.He said,“Rome isnt built in a day.”4.4.Tom said,“I was born in July,1978.”Change direct speech into indirect speech:He said that the earth goes around the sun.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m
21、.He said that Rome isnt built in a day.Tom said he was born in July,1978.5.He said,“Im afraid I cant finish this work.”6.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”7.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since
22、May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.8.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.9.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.10.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.The teacher asked me why I was late again.His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate a
23、sked me if I had been to Paris.Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:1.Anne said that she didnt know the address 2.of her new home.2.Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3.The girl
24、said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.4.Her father asked her why she had chosenher diary and old letters.5.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”Mother asked/said to her.6.“What else have you hidden under your overcoat?”Margot asked her.7.“When shall we go back
25、 home?”Anne asked her father.8.“Why did you talk so much to that boy?”Father asked Anne.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayDChoose the best answer.2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the
26、street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow C 3.Mr.Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr.Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he
27、has walkedthis weekB4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he wouldthe next day D5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were w
28、ethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethatD6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herda week ago D.if he heardthe week agoB7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”
29、She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time C8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent yourA9.Black asked me,“Why ha
30、vent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here A10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did riseBHomeworkReview the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
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