1、Period Six Grammar&Writing.跟动名词或不定式作宾语的动词1只接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有：afford 负担得起；agree 同意；attempt 尝试，试图；choose 选择；desire 渴望；determine 决心；decide 决定；expect期望；hope 希望；learn 学习；manage 设法；offer 主动提出；plan 计划；pretend 假装；promise许诺；refuse 拒绝；wish 希望；set out 着手；would like 想做等。I cant affor
2、d to waste money on cheap souvenirs.我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的纪念品上。I expect to be back as soon as possible.我盼着尽早回来。At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs.最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语英语中有些动词及短语必须接动名词作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有：admit 承认；appreciate 感激；avoid 避免；consider 考虑；delay 延迟；deny 否认；enjoy 喜欢；escape
3、 逃脱；finish 完成；imagine 想像；mind 介意；miss 错过；postpone 推迟；practise 练习；resist 抵抗；risk 冒险；suggest 建议；insist on 坚持；stand 忍受；keep 保持等。另外，admit to 承认；be used to 习惯于；be accustomed to 习惯于；lead to 导致；devote oneselfto 献身于；object to 反对；stick to 坚持；look forward to 期望，盼望等短语中的 to 为介词，也接动名词作宾语。Have you ever considered
4、 going abroad for further education?你考虑过去国外深造吗？You can hardly avoid meeting her if both of you work in the same office.如果你们两个人在同一间办公室工作，你就免不了会遇见她。He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time.好久以来他一直盼望去英国。3有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形意义 式forgetto do.忘记做 doing.忘记做过rem
5、emberto do.记着要去做 doing.记得做过regretto do.遗憾/抱歉要做 doing.后悔做了 tryto do.尽力做doing.尝试做 meanto do.打算做doing.意味着 stopto do.停下来去做另一件事doing.停止做 go onto do.接着做(另外一件事)doing.接着做(同一件事)She told me to go and lock the door.She didnt remember locking the door after supper.她叫我去锁门，她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。Remember to turn off all the
6、 lights when you leave the classroom.你离开教室时，别忘记把所有的灯关掉。They didnt mean to go and help you.他们不打算去帮助你们。His words meant going to help you without delay.他的话意味着他将毫不迟疑地前去帮助你们。4need，want，require 等动词作“需要”讲，且主语为“某事物”时，后面跟动名词的主动形式或跟不定式的被动式，都表示被动意义。Your house needs repairing/to be repaired.你的房子需要维修。The problem
7、 requires solving/to be solved immediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决。5在动词 allow，advise，forbid，permit 后面直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth.允许/禁止/建议做某事；allow/permit/forbid/advise sb.to do sth.允许/禁止/建议某人做某事。He forbids smoking during office hours.他禁止在办公时间抽烟。Allow me to co
8、ngratulate you on your great success.让我向您了不起的成功祝贺。高考链接 1用所给动词的正确形式填空1After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on to thank(thank)all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陕西)2He is thought to have acted(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for lo
9、sing thejob.(2014江西)3Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going(go)for a swim？(2014陕西)4I stopped the car to take(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013山东)5Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs to be done/doing(do)to achieve the finalsuccess.(2012湖南).现在分词现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成，因此又叫-in
10、g 分词。现在分词不能独自作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。1现在分词的形式现在分词的时态和语态形式如下表所示：主动式被动式一般式(not)doing(not)being done完成式(not)having done(not)having been done(1)现在分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作。Being a student，he is interested in books.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。(2)现在分词的完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。Not having studied his lessons very hard，he failed
11、the examination.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。(3)现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。根据现在分词动作发生的时间，其被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。The question being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been criticized by the teacher，he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。2现在分词的语法作用现在分词相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语
12、。(1)现在分词(短语)作表语What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。(2)现在分词作定语单个的现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。a waiting car 一辆等待着的车a sleeping child 一个酣睡的孩子the exciting news 令人振奋的消息a boring speech 令人乏味的演讲They lived in a house facing south(which faces south)他们住在一座朝南的房子里。(3)现在分词作状语现在分词作状语可以表
13、示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词 when，while 引出。While reading the book，he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Not knowing his address，I cant send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。现在分词短语作结果状语。His father died，leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱
14、。现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。现在分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注意：上述现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。(4)现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词可以在 see，hear，notice，watch，fee
15、l，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，catch，find 等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补足语。I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷食物。“with/without名词普通格或代词宾格现在分词”结构在
16、句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。His hair became grey with the years passing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing，he slipped through the window.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。高考链接 2.用所给动词的正确形式填空1I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working(work)with students.(2016浙江)2 Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet，turning(
17、turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.(2016北京)3The park was full of people,enjoying(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.(2015北京)4Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getawayshere for people living(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国)5Like ancient sailors，birds can
18、find their way using(use)the sun and the stars.(2015重庆)6Having worked(work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津)7Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed(perform)live is quiteanother.(2015浙江)8Last night，there were millions of people watc
19、hing(watch)the opening ceremony live onTV.(2014北京)9 Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry)more people than ever before in theskies.(2014大纲全国)10There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare)at the night sky.(2014湖南).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)1After loo
20、ks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents weremissing.(2015全国)lookslooking2Dont panic or get out of line，and trying to remain quiet and calm.(2014四川)tryingtry3One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.(2014陕西)havehaving .用所给动词的正确形式填空1Having been told(te
21、ll)many times，he has already known how to do it.2Following(follow)this road，youll get to the cinema.3Linda cant attend the party being held(hold)at Toms house at present.4Dont leave the water running(run)while you brush your teeth.5He sent me an e-mail，hoping(hope)to get further information.6He didn
22、t want to share(share)things with his friends.7The thief ran away quickly to avoid being caught(catch)8Would you mind turning(turn)down your radio a little，please?9Do you remember borrowing(borrow)a ruler from Betty？Dont forget to return(return)it toher tomorrow.10Susan wanted to be independent of h
23、er parents；she tried living(live)alone，but she didnt likeit and moved back home.句型转换1The man who is standing at the window is our headmaster.The man standing at the window is our headmaster.2Because they had been warned by their parents，they didnt dare to go out at night.Having been warned by their
24、parents，they didnt dare to go out at night.3If you think it over，you will have a good idea.Thinking it over，you will have a good idea.4As I dont know much English，Im afraid I cant express clearly.Not knowing much English，Im afraid I cant express clearly.5She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.She
25、sat at the desk reading a newspaper.6He suggested a visit to the palace first.He suggested visiting the palace first.文体指导英文信件的写法在许多方面与中文信件不同，下面我们简单介绍一下英文信件的格式和写法。一、信封的格式1写信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面的左上角。2收信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面中央稍偏右的地方。3邮票贴在信封的右上角。4地址的写法是先写收信人，然后按照从小到大的顺序依次写出门牌号、街道、城市、省或州名、邮编，最后写国名。5收信人名前应根据需要加：Mr.(先生)、
26、Mrs.(太太、夫人)、Miss(小姐)、Ms(女士，已婚或未婚均可)、Dr(博士)、Prof(教授)等称呼，以示礼貌，而不用“teacher”作为称呼。男老师我们可以用 Mr.；女老师我们用 Mrs.，Miss 或 Ms 作为称呼。二、正文的格式1称呼一般以“Dear.”开头，后面用逗号，不能用冒号。2书信正文从称呼下一行的 3 至 5 个字母开始。3如同汉语信一样，英文信的结尾也常写有“祝好”、“盼来信”、“代向问好”之类的话，我们称之为“结束语”。4在信的结尾下面签上自己的姓名。除了对熟人或亲密的人以外，签名必须写全姓名，而且不管什么信件，都应由写信人亲笔签名。常用句式1开头语经典例句(
27、1)I am very glad to hear from you.(2)Thank you for your letter.(3)I was very pleased/happy/glad to receive your letter of February 6,2014.(4)Your letter of February 6,2014 has been received.2结束语经典例句(1)I hope to have a letter from you before long.(2)Please write to me soon and tell me all about yours
28、elf.(3)Im looking forward to your reply.3签名时的经典用语英文信签名时常用的词语：Yours，Yours truly，Yours sincerely，Yours ever 等。写作任务假设你是李华，你的美国朋友 Tom 上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给 Tom 写一封信。1询问 Tom 的生活和学习情况；2谈谈你的困难并请 Tom 帮忙；3告诉 Tom 你打算赛后去看他。注意：词数 100 左右。审题谋篇第一步 明确要求该写作属于书信的
29、写作，在询问目前情况时用现在进行时时态；在谈论自己的困难时用一般现在时时态；写作应该符合学生的实际。第二步 确定段落本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：Para.1 询问 Tom 的现状；Para.2 叙述目前你的困难；Para.3 提出打算去看望他。第三步 词汇热身1参加 take part in2做某事有困难 have trouble in doing sth.3在方面差 be poor in.4帮某人一个忙 do sb.a favour5拜访某人 call on sb.第四步 扩点成句1我非常担心，我在搜集信息和应用语言方面有困难。(一般表达)Im worried that I have t
30、rouble in collecting information and using language.(高级表达)What worries me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information andusing language.2如果你能给我一些解决这些问题的建议，我将非常感激。(一般表达)If you can give me some advice on solving these problems，Ill be grateful.(高级表达)I would appreciate it if you c
31、an give me some advice on how to solve these problems.连句成篇Dear Tom，Havent seen you for a long time since we parted last time and it is a month since you cameto Beijing.How are you getting on with everything?Next month I will go to Beijing to take part in the students English speech contest.Whatworri
32、es me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information and using language.Forme，it is easy to remember the grammar but I am poor in putting it into practice.Would you pleasedo me a favour？I would appreciate it if you can give me some advice on how to solve theseproblems.By the way，
33、I will call on you after this competition.Im looking forward to your reply.Yours truly，LiHua.单元语法用所给词的正确形式填空1I smelt something burning(burn)2Having finished(finish)his speech，he answered our questions.3Living(live)far from the school，I have to get up early every morning.4The boy ran away，shouting(sh
34、out)loudly.5The man sitting(sit)at the back is Mr.Smith.6He couldnt stand being made(make)fun of when his wife was present.7I had intended to help(help)you but I was busy then.8The patient insisted on being operated(operate)on even if there was little hope of success.9I have failed to pass(pass)the
35、exam.10His telling(he，tell)a lie made his mother quite angry.阅读理解There are many older people in the world and there will be many more.A lime-known fact isthat over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries.According to the World HealthOrganization，by 2020 there will be 1 billion，wi
36、th over 700 million living in developing countries.It is a surprising fact that the population aging is particularly rapid in developing countries.Forexample，it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 year
37、s to achieve this same increase.What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk？One of the biggestworries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases andfor disability.Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as pos
38、sible，includingduring old age，to lessen the financial burden on the state.Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and valuethe older people in their society.In some African countries，certainly in Asia，older people arerespected and regarded as the ones with s
39、pecial knowledge.Yet traditions are fading away daily，which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people.As society changes，attitudes willchange.Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination(歧视)in employment.Life-longlearning programs need to be provided to enable older people
40、to be active members in a countrysdevelopment.Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for olderpeople.Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and ef
41、fort.One thing is sure：there is no time to be lost.11The proportion of older people.Ais bigger in developed countries than in developing countriesBis one-seventh of the population in developing countriesCwill increase much faster in China than in FranceDwill be sixty percent in developing countries
42、by 2020答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的句子“.it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.”可知，中国老人的比例增加的速度要比法国快。故选 C。12According to the passage，which of the following are governments
43、most worried about?AThe diseases and disability of older people.BThe longer life and good health of people.CThe loss of taxes on older people.DThe increasing respect for older people.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood
44、 there is for diseases and for disability.”可知，政府最担心的是老人的疾病和残疾。故选 A。13It is stated directly in the passage that older people should.Abe treated differently in different culturesBenjoy a similar lifestyleCbe ignored as society changesDbe valued by the younger generations答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“Another
45、 significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.”可知，老人应该被年轻人尊敬。故选 D。.七选五There was once a lonely girl who longed so much for love.One day while she was walking inthe woods she found two starving birds.14She cared about them with l
46、ove and the birds grewstrong.Every morning they greeted her with a wonderful song.The girl felt great love for the birds.15The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage.The girl was so frightenedthat he would fly away.As he flew close，she grasped him wildly.Her heart felt glad at her s
47、uccessin capturing(捕捉)him.16She opened her hand and stared in horror at the dead bird.It was her desperate lovethat had killed him.She noticed the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage.She could feel hisgreat desire for freedom.He needed to fly into the clear，blue sky.17The bird c
48、ircled once，twice，three times.The girl watched delightedly at the birds enjoyment.18What she wanted to see wasthat the bird could fly happily.Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder.Itsang the sweetest tune that she had ever heard.Remember，the fastest way to lose love is to h
49、old on it too tightly；the best way to keep love isto give it wings!AShe gave them some delicious food and left.BSuddenly she felt the bird go soft.CHer heart was no longer concerned with her loss.DOne day she left with the two birds at home alone.EShe took them home and put them in a small cage.FOne
50、 day the girl left the door of the cage open accidentally.GShe lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air.答案 14.E 15.F 16.B 17.G 18.C.语法填空Interviewer：May I ask you a few questions，sir?Jack：Of course you can.Interviewer：Thank you，sir.First of all，have you ever been here?Jack：No.This i
51、s the first time I 19.have come(come)to India.Interviewer：Oh.What do you find most impressive about India?Jack：The air is so hot and it is unlike anything 20.that I have experienced.Interviewer：Were you pleased with the service at the airport?Jack：Not 21.really(real)After we entered the airport I ha
52、d been waiting for several hours，and I22.was checked(check)strictly.Interviewer：What else have you noticed?Jack：At first,23.it was strange to see so many people dressed in white.Then I remember the fact24.that people wear the same type of dress in this country，so they are Muslims，judging 25.fromthei
53、r hats.Interviewer：Youre right.Their clothes are typical(典型的)Jack：Whats more，as I continued across the lobby(大厅)，I felt many eyes watchingme.Hurriedly，I checked my 26.appearance(appear)Nothing felt out of the ordinary.I had no idea27.why everyone was staring at me.Then I realized my big mistake beca
54、use I was wearing shorts ina country 28.where girls do not dress according to the weather.Interviewer：Yes.Thank you for accepting our interview.I hope you have a good trip.Jack：My pleasure.书面表达现在有很多中学生出国留学，据环球时报报道，澳大利亚驻华大使馆签发的留学签证有50%给了高中生。假设你叫李华，请给某报社编辑写一封信，根据以下所给提示，明确表示赞成还是反对中学生出国留学(只能选择一种观点)。词数 1
55、00 左右。赞成的观点：1与中国教育相比，国外教育有诸多优点，如2在国外接受教育，可以培养学生多方面的能力，如反对的观点：1与中国教育相比，国外教育可能存在诸多问题，如2过早留学，可能会给学生造成诸多负面影响，如注意：除以上内容，你还可以陈述赞成或反对的其他理由。参考范文Dear Editor，I think it is good to send teenagers abroad for further study.Compared with Chinas education，foreign education has many advantages.It has good education
56、 sense，pays special attention to the training of students abilities andcreates a relaxing self-study environment for them.In these schools，we dont have to bear a heavylearning load as we do in China，and therefore we can learn much better.In foreign schools，we havemore chances to learn about foreign culture，customs and habits，which can broaden our horizons.Though we have to look after ourselves abroad and life might be hard for us，it will help us totrain our ability to live independently and deal with problems.Yours sincerely，Li Hua