1、定语从句的理解 关于先行词的问题 1 缺少先行词的 Is this factory the one which/that we visited last year?2 先行词作从句的宾语 This is the factory that/which we visited last year.3 先行词在从句中作状语 Is this the factory where your father works?4 先行词在从句中作状语的 Is this the factory where TVsets are produced?5 先行词在从句中作主语的 Is this the factory whi
2、ch/that produces TVsets?先行词作主语：In an hour,we can travel to places_would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A where B when C which D what 先行词在从句中充当介词的宾语 Do you know the comrade to whom we are talking?He met my mother,from whom he got the news of my sisters marriage.This is the hero of whom we are
3、 proud.I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.16 In the dark street,there wasnt a sigleperson she could turn for help.A that B who C from whom D to whom Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_,he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the StudentsUnion.A during wh
4、ich time B for which time C during whose time D by that time 先行词+s在从句中作定语用whose+n=n+of which I came across a house.The houses window was broken.I came across a house whose window was broken.I came across a house the window of which was broken.先行词+s在从句中作定语用whose+n=n+of which I found the boy whose boo
5、k was lost.I found the boy the book of whom was lost.Which is the car whose owner you know?Which is the car the owner of which you know?Please show me the book whose cover is red.Please show me the book the cover of which is red.先行词+s在从句中作定语用whose+n=n+of which Look out!Dont get too close to the hous
6、e _ roof is under repair.A whose B where C of which D that 注意from+where 引导的定语从句 His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.还原成两个简单句：His head soon appeared out of the window.He saw nothing but trees from out of the window.注意since+when 引导的定语从句 The book was writen in 1
7、946,_ the education system has witnessed great changes.A when B during which C since then Dsince when In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have got home.Awhose time B that C on which D by which time先行词前边有名词或代词的时候 13 He paid the boy 10$for washing ten windows,mo
8、st of _hadnt been cleaned A these B those C that D which1 I saw some trees,the leaves of which were falling down.2 There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A the larger B the larger of them C the larger one that D the larger of which 先行词前边有名词或代词的时候3 I was given three books on cook
9、ing,the first _ I really enjoyed.A of that B of which C that Dwhich 4 I ve a lot of books,_ are writen in foreign languages.A and most of which B some of which C some of them D most of which 先行词前边有名词或代词的时候 5 The boys,_ couldnt reach the shelf,went to look for something to stand on.A the tall of whom
10、 B the taller of whom C the tallest one D the tallest of them 联考49题 There are two rooms in the house,_ serves as a kitchen.A the smaller of which B the small of which C the smaller of them D the smaller one 先行词隐藏在从句的动词短语中 The great trouble he_show us how to run the machine _him completely tired out.
11、A took to made B takes to make tookmake D take to to make You can never imagine what great trouble I have had _the patient who receive a serious wound.A treat B to treat C treating D treated 非限制性定语从句 14 She heard a terrible noise，_brought her heart into her mouth.A it B which C that D what 15 Alice
12、received an invitation from her boss,_came as an surprise.A it B that C which D he 28 Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A it B that C when D which 32 _ is mentioned above,the number of the student in senior high schools is increasing.A Which B As C That D it
13、36 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her in the play,_,of course,made the other unhappy.A who B which C this D what 41 _ is known to everybedy,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A It B As C That D yet He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.A af
14、ter which B after that C in which Din that I am going to visit my former teacher in the countryside tomorrow,_ I ve not written letters for a long time.A from whom B to whomC from which D to which Next week,_ we will spend in our village,is coming.A what B when C that D which先行词在从句中作状语 17 After livi
15、ng in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child.A which B that C where D when 39 The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far away village.A until B that C when D where Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sig
16、ht matters more than hearing.A when B whose C which D where关系代词but=who not There is _ would be surprised at the news.A no man but who B no man but C no man D not any man 注意知识的灵活应用 1 The book which he devoted himself _ a 1 The book which he devoted himself _ a wonderful one.wonderful one.A to was B w
17、as to C were to D to were A to was B was to C were to D to were 2 The man whom we were talking _ come 2 The man whom we were talking _ come across me.across me.A to have B to has A to have B to has 联考联考2929题题The work he was devoted_The work he was devoted_ highly thought of.highly thought of.A to be
18、 A to be B to wasB to was C was D to being C was D to being Fill in the gaps in the following sentences by choosing appropriate relatives:1 Hes the man _ lives next door.2 Hes driving a car _ can travel at 150 miles an hour.3 The chairman,_spoke first,sat on my right.4 His speech,_bored everyone,wen
19、ton and on.5 He tried to stand on his hands for five minutes,_,as you know,is rather a difficult thing to do.6 He admires MrsBrown,_ I find strange.7 Thats the man _we often see.8 His wife,_you met at my house,was bored too.9 Is this the magazine_she asked for?10 The speech,_he had written on little
20、 bits of paper,seemed endless.11There was a certain old man in the village_none of us liked.12 All_glitters is not gold.13 He talked brilliantly of the men and the books _interested him.14 Ill give you all _I have.15 I know someone else _ father works here.16 I saw some trees _leaves were black with
21、 disease.17 Can you suggest a time _it will be convenient to meet?18 I know a wood _you can find wild strawberries.19 Is there any reason _you should have a holiday?20 The thing _ I d like is a watch.21 We had a meeting the purpose of _ was completely unclear.22 Shes married to a physicist o f_ you
22、may have heard.23 We ve tried on some pairs of shoes,none of _is suitable.24 I passed him a large glass of whissky,_he drank immediately.Dear Elizabeth,I ve got two pieces of news _ I am silmply dying to tell you.First of all,Pettersgot the job_I told you about in my last letter!We re also thrilled,
23、as it means an increase in salary.Also it means that Peter will be free of his grumpy（性情暴躁的）boss,_is really beginning to get on Peters nerves!(使人心烦）Secondly,weve bought that old house _ was advertised by the local estate agent(房地产经纪人）.I told you about it a few months ago,the one _ was in quite bad r
24、epair and therefore very cheap for its size.The owner,_has been abroad for a year now,was willing to let it go for almost any price!The repairs,_ unfortunately took longer than expected,were completed a week ago,so well be moving in very soon!The new neighbour,_ wife is at present in hospital,says t
25、hat hell do _he can to help,but _I need most is someone to give a hand with all the cleaning.Do come and visit us when we move in!You ll easily find us,just look for a house _window needing washing and _fence still needs repairing!With much love,Sue做定语从句时要找头找尾 I like English.主语是头，宾语是尾。I like English
26、 _ is a difficult language.斜体部分是定语从句，定语从句的头没有，就是缺少主语。主语，指人用who/that ,指物用which/that I saw lucy _was running.Beijing，_is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.which who定语从句缺少尾部，就是少宾语 宾语指人的用whom,指物的用which/that This is a book _I like.(我喜欢什么？没有说完，缺尾巴，即宾语,用which）（我喜欢书，你怎么知道？因为前边先行词说的是书。）This is th
27、e man _ I like.(我喜欢谁？没有说完，缺尾巴，即指人的宾语，用whom。我喜欢他，你怎么知道，因为前边的先行词是the man)背：1关系代词who,只代人，只代主语，它前边的先行词必须是人；它前面不能有介词，如果有介词就用代宾格的whom.This is the man _ we talked.答案：to whom/about whom This is the hero_ we are proud.答案：of whom I want to find the pen _I wrote the letter.答案：with which 如果是短语动词，介词不能被拆开放在前面。Thi
28、s is the baby whom I am look after.这还是属于定语从句少尾巴的类型。以上的句子还可以省掉关系代词，但介词要放到后面。This is the man _ we talked.答案 to whom/about whom This is the man we talked to.This is the hero_ we are proud.答案：of whom This is the hero we are proud of.I want to find the pen _I wrote the letter.答案：with which I want to find
29、 the pen I wrote the letter with.2 who可以换成that;who 和that前面都不能加介词。3 什么时候必须用who?一 先行词是one,ones,anyone 时，关系代词用who.Anyone who likes English will go there.二 先行词是those，用who Those who were late would be published.三 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that,另一个用who.The boy that you met last night is my friend who studies
30、 hard in our class.四 在there be 句型中，关系代词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.什么时候必须用that?1 先行词是形容词的最高级或被最高级修饰时，先行词用that This is the best that I have ever seen.English is the most difficult subject that you will met.2 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的时候 He is the la
31、st person that I want to see.It is the first class that I have had.3 先行词既有人又有物时 Do you know the accidents and people that they are talking about?4 先行词是不定代词时，如all,much,little,none,something,anything everything,nothing,the one 等 You must tell me all that you know.5 先行词在从句中作表语时，用that Mary is no longer
32、the girl that she was.6 先行词前面有one of,only,any,all,no,few,little,the same,the very,the only,the last 等词修饰时Lily is the only one that got there on time.Lily is one of the students that want to get there on time.7主句已有疑问代词who 或which 时，用that Which is the bike that you like?Who is the man that was praised
33、at the meeting?8若出现两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never seen before.that 和which 区别 Which 可以用在非限制性定语从句中，指代物或前面的整个句子。He didnt tell me any news,which upset me.Which 可以用在介词的后面，介词+which 而that 不能用于上述两个结构。That 可以指人也可以指物，但是which 不能指人。Whose 和which/who
34、m的联系 可以指人，谁的 whose book=the book of whom 先看两个简单句 I found the boy.His book was lost.变成定语从句I found the boy whose book was lost.I found the boy the book of whom was lost.也可以指物，谁的 Whose window=the window of which 先看两个简单句的时候，I came across a house.The houses window was broken.I came across a house whose w
35、indow was broken.I came across a house the window of which was broken.关系代词whose 的用法 Whose 是代词的所有格，既可指人，也可指物。Which is the car?哪一个是那辆车？You know its owner.你认识车的主人。You know the owner of it.哪一个是你认识它的主人的那辆车？Which is the car whose owner you know?Which is the car the owner of which you know?把两个句子合成一个定语从句 Pl
36、ease show me the book.Its cover is red./The cover of it is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.Please show me the book the cover of which is red.这个完成句子的过程实际就是在第二个句子中找出与先行词有关联的词，然后用关系代词替换它。关系代词的省略 1 关系代词在从句中作宾语 The people（who/whom/that）we met at the party are here.2 作介词的宾语，介词放在句尾时 Here is
37、the man(that/who/whom)you are looking for.3 关系代词在从句中作表语 Shanghai is no longer the city(that)it used to be.上海不再是它过去曾经是的样子。4 在there be 句型中，关系代词总是省略。There is an old man(who)wants to see you.(即使它现在做的是定语从句的主语，也可以省略。）5 先行词是way时，省略关系代词 I dont like the way that you talk to me.I dont like the way in which yo
38、u talk to me.I dont like the way you talk to me.关系副词的用法 1 在定语从句中代替先行词 2 在定语从句中作状语 3 起连接作用 where 在从句中作地点状语，指代动作发生的地点when 在从句中作时间状语，指代动作发生的时间why 在从句中作原因状语，指代动作发生的原因Where This is the house.I was born in the house./I was born there.This is the house where I was born.This is the house in which I was born
39、.This is the house which I was born in.This is the house that I was born in.This is the house I was born in.when I cant forget the day.We met on that day.(when)I cant forget the day when we met.Why 的用法 The reason is to invite you to a party.I call you for this reason.I call you for it.for which=why
40、The reason why I call you is to invite you to a party.在定语从句中使用关系代词和关系副词与先行词没有关系，只与他们在定语从句中充当什么成分有关系。This is the house where I live.This is the house which I visit.实际上与live 和visit 有关。Live 是不及物动词，决定house 加介词in,作状语才能构成一个完整的句子。而visit 是个及物动词，house 直接作它的宾语就可以构成一个完整的句子了。定语从句中的动词不同决定先行词充当的成分不同，充当的成分不同，就决定关系
41、词有时用关系副词，有时用关系代词。As 引导的定语从句 such.as 像一样的 the same.as 和一样的 as 在从句中作主语，宾语，表语 such,same 作定语，修饰先行词 We have found such books as are used in their school.比较不用such as 的：We have found books which are used in their school.Such people as you met have already gone.(as 作宾语）He is not the same man as he was.(as 作
42、表语）This is the same thing as we are in need of.(as 作宾语）连写的such as Such 作先行词，as 作关系代词 1 This book is not such as I expect.比较：This book is not the one that I expect.2 I dont have many,but I will send you such as I have.比较：I dont have many,but I will send you some that I have.the same as the same that
43、as,that 都引导定语从句，所表达的意思相近或相同，但从句中省略谓语时必须用as 替代that He works in the same shop as I do.He works in the same shop that I do.She is(in)the same age as you.She is(in)the same age that you are.He uses the same books as you.=He uses the same books as/that you do.非限制性定语从句中，as 在从句中作宾语。As everybody knows,Taiwa
44、n belongs to China.As is known to us,Taiwan belongs to China.非限制性定语从句中可以用那些关系词引导？Who,whom,which,as,whose,of which,where,when,why 不能用that.Once more I am in Boston,where I have not been for ten years.注意from+where 引导的定语从句 His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.还原成两
45、个简单句：His head soon appeared out of the window.He saw nothing but trees from out of the window.比较：As 引导的时间状语从句 as 在的同时，一边一边 He smiled as he left the room.We talked as we walked.Just as I was leaving,the telephone rang again.比较：As 引导的方式状语从句 方式状语从句回答的是how 的问题 Type this again as I showed you a moment ag
46、o.在口语中how 和the way 可以替代as The steak is cooked just how/the way I like it.比较：as 引导的原因状语从句 As you dont know the way,you will have to ask him for help.比较：As 引导的比较状语从句 He answers as quickly as his sister(does).比较：Where 引导的状语从句 Go where you want.Where there is a will,there is a way.You d better make a mark where you have any questions.
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