1、专项语法十二 名词性从句要点精析一、名词性从句的句法功能名词性从句在句法上相当于一个名词，因此，它可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语，以及名词的同位语。1主语从句That_the_earth_goes_around_the_sun is certain.地球围绕太阳转是确定无疑的。Who_will_be_the_next_president_of_our_countryis still hard to say.谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说。有时为了避免头重脚轻，用it充当形式主语，把主语从句放到句末。It is still hard to say who_will_be_the_next_pr
2、esident_of_our_country.谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说。It is a pity that_you_missed_such_a_wonderful_match.你错过了观看如此精彩的比赛真遗憾。另外，如果从句是一个完整的句子，仍要用that引导，不可省略。That_the_earth_is_round is known to all.众所周知，地球是圆的。例(2010成都外国语学校模拟)_children watch and learn from the people around them helps them to figure out how the world
3、works.AWhich BThatCHow DWhat解析：考查主语从句。句意：孩子们通过观察和向周围的人学习来了解周围的世界是如何运作的。句中动词watch和learn缺少宾语，因此空白处应填what。答案：D2宾语从句We all know that_the_earth_is_round.我们都知道地球是圆的。We suppose that_running_water_is_pure_and_clean.我们认为自来水很纯净。宾语从句也常由it替代，真正的宾语放在句尾。We take it for granted that_running_water_is_pure_and_clean.
4、我们认为自来水很纯净。I hate it when_people_smoke_before_me.我厌恶人们在我面前抽烟。例(2009北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif解析：考查宾语从句。句意：一开始他不喜欢这份新工作，但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因，排除A、B、C三项。D项表示“是否”，符合题意。答案：D3表语从句The problem is
5、 that_we_dont_have_much_time_left.问题是我们剩下的时间很少。My question is who_is_responsible_for_all_this.我的问题是谁对这事负责。例(2010江苏泰兴市朝中调研)Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?No,thats_they are mistaken.Awhere BwhenCso Dhow解析：考查表语从句。where引导表语从句，表示那就是她们的错误所在。答案：A4同位语从句同位
6、语从句用来解释说明前面的名词，通常由本身无意义的连词that引导，通常不可省略。一般在fact,news,idea,hope,doubt,fear,belief,dream,plan,advice,suggestion,decision等名词后有同位语从句，具体说明这些名词的内容。We were shocked at the news that_dozens_of_miners_were_killed_in_this_mine_accident.许多名矿工死于矿难，我们对这个消息感到震惊。Word came that there would be another hurricane comin
7、g.据说将会有另一场飓风。There is no doubt that_he_is_the_best_person_for_this_position.毫无怀疑，他是这个位置的最佳人选。例(2009江西)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.whichC.that D.though解析：本题考查同位语从句。句意：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。答案：C二、名词性从句的连
8、接词名词性从句由从属连词引导，有如下几类：1由本身没意义但在从句中不充当任何语法成分的连词that引导。He told me that he would come to visit us on Sunday.他告诉我他将在星期天来拜访我们。The teacher suggested that the students buy the books.这个老师建议学生买这些书。2由具有意义但在从句中不担当成分的连词whether或if引导。I dont know whether he will go with us or not.我不知道他是否和我们一块去。He asked me whether I
9、 would accept him as a new member.他问我是否能把他作为一名新成员接受他。例(2010海 淀 模 拟)Kevin consulted his teacher about_he should study abroad after graduation.Awhether BwhereCwhen Dthat解析：句意：Kevin就毕业后是否应该去国外学习征求了老师的意见。whether he should study abroad after graduation作介词about的宾语。where与句中的abroad矛盾；when与句中的after graduatio
10、n重复；that引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语。答案：A3由带疑问意义的连接副词或连接代词who,when,where,how,which,whose等引导。I dont know who will take his place if he leaves.我不知道如果他离职谁将接替他。We all know when and where the next Olympic Games will be held.我们都知道下届奥运会将在何时何地举办。4由连接代词what引导。I dont know what he really likes.我不知道他到底喜欢什么。What he said pro
11、ved true.他所说的被证实是真的。what作为连接代词，承担两重任务：连接句子和代替从句缺少的成分(可以代替从句主语、宾语和表语)。What I want for the moment is a car.(主语从句中，what是want的宾语)我此刻想要的是一辆汽车。What is left undone will be carried on by us.(主语从句中what是主语)未做完的工作将由我们继续做。The city today is no longer what it was 5 years ago.(表语从句中，what是表语)今天的这个城市不再是它5年前的样子了。what
12、在句子中除了可以代物(something)，还可以代人、时间、地点等。Please tell me what you want./Please tell me the thing that you want.(what指物)请告诉我你想要什么。He is what is known as walking dictionary,for he knows every word you dont know./He is the person that is known as a walking dictionary,for he knows every word you dont know.(wha
13、t指人)他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都认识。After a long journey,they finally arrived at what is now Boston./After a long journey,they finally arrived at the place that is now Boston.(what指地点)经过长途跋涉，他们终于到达今天的波士顿。After what seemed hours of waiting,it was finally my turn./After a period of time that seemed hours of waiting,it was finally my turn.(what指时间)等待了像是几个小时之后，最后终于轮到我了。例(2009江苏)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be life s most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.Aas BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：考查名词性从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，因此选择what。答案：D
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