1、A toothy little devil found to be our earliest ancestorScientists have discovered the bones of what is thought to be the oldest human species in a cave in South Africa.The study shows that the earliest ancestor of human being was probably a toothy little cannibal(食人魔)According to a report,scientists
2、 found some two million to 800,000yearold fossilskull pieces,jaws,teeth,and other bones at the Sterkfontein caves complex in South Africas Gauteng Province.The research indicates that this is the earliest ancestors of man discovered by far,which were named Homo gautengensis.Homo gautengensis were li
3、ving two million to 600,000 years ago.They were thought to measure 3ft 6 in height and weighed just over 50kg.They were also able to communicate by verbal language.Compared with modern humans,the new species had proportionally long arms,a projecting face somewhat like a chimps,larger teeth,and a sma
4、ller brain.Though the teeth of Homo gautengensis proved they had begun to eat plants,the ancestor of man was by no means vegetarian.Along with the burned and defleshedbones,the marks on the Stw 53 skull suggest that the man“was certainly on the menu of Homo gautengensis”1教材原句Can you think of the alt
5、ernatives we would use today？(U5P37)真题呈现(2009湖北，27)As there is less and less coal and oil,scientists are exploring new ways of making use of_energy,such as sunlight,wind and water for power and fuel.AprimaryBalternativeCinstant Dunique考题巧解解析：alternative“可选择的，可替代的”，符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”，instant“立即的，迅
6、速的”，unique“独特的”。句意：随着煤和石油越来越少，科学家正在开发利用诸如太阳能、风能和水能等可替代能源。答案：B2教材原句So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless_of the cold.(U5P38)真 题 呈 现(2009江 苏，30)This special school accepts all disabled students，_ educational level and background.Aaccording to Bregardless ofCin add
7、ition to Din terms of考题巧解解析：regardless of“不管，不顾”；according to“根据”；in addition to“另外”；in terms of“就而言”。答案：B.单词速记1 n.可 能 的 选 择adj.供 选 择 的；其 他 的_adv.要不；或者_2n.挨饿；饿死_v.(使)挨饿；(使)饿死_3n.精确；准确_adj.正确的；准确的_4vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止_n.断绝；中断；插放_5vt.假定；设想_n.假设；假定_6vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰_n.磨具；削具_adj.锋利的_7vt.擦净；削平；磨光_n.
8、刮刀；刮削器_8adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的_adv.丰厚地_9adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的_adv.原始地；简陋地_10_ n.(pl.analyses)分析vt.分析；分解_11_vt.&vi.使成熟；成熟adj.成熟的_12 n.意 义；意 思；重 要 性；重 要 意 义_adj.意义重大的；有意义的_13 adj.有 系 统 的；有 计 划 的；有 条 理 的_n.系统；体系_14 vt.吐 出(唾 液、食 物 等)_(过 去 式)_(过去分词)_15n.(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠 vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏_16adj.放射性的；有辐射能的_n.放射性_17n.分割；划分；分配；
9、分界线_vt.分割；分配_18n.安慰；减轻；缓解_v.减轻；缓解_19vt.逮捕；吸引 n.逮捕；拘留_20adj.有技巧的；熟练的_n.技巧；技术_答 案：1.alternative;alternatively2.starvation;starve3accuracy;accurate4.interrupt;interruption5.assume;assumption6.sharpen;sharpener;sharp7.scrape;scraper8 ample;amply9.primitive;primitively10.analysis;analyse/analyze11.ripen;
10、ripe12.significance;significant13systematic;system14.spit;spat/spit;spat/spit15.scratch16.radioactive;radioactivity17.division;divide 18relief;relieve19.arrest20.skillful;skill.短语突破1_ 不管；不顾2_ 至多；最多3_ 切碎4_ 受够了；饱受；厌烦5_ 向前看；为将来打算6_ 追溯到7_ 因而逮捕某人8_ 欣慰地9_ 以为骄傲10_ 向某人求助答案：1.regardless of2.at most3.cut up4.
11、be fed up with5.look ahead6.date back7.arrest sb.for.8.with relief9.be proud of.10.turn to sb.for help.句型总结1_ _it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！2She_ _ _her destination_a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。3 Abruptly she sat down，_ _ _ _ _by
12、 her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.她突然坐了下去，结果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜一把抱了起来。答案：1.If only2.had almost reached;when3.only to be scooped up1alternative n.可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的We had to go on,because there was no(other)alternative.我们只能继续下去，因为没有其他的选择。There doesnt seem to be an alternative option.似乎没有其他的选择。归纳拓展(1)have no
13、 alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事theres no alternative.别无选择an alternative to.的替代品(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地I had no alternative but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。We could walk or alternatively we could go in Teds car.我们可以走路去，也可以乘特德的车去。辨析：alternative，choice,selection(1)alternative 一般强
14、调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择、挑选、抉择。The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetable.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。运用提升The manager said that they ha
15、d an_plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.AappropriateBalternativeCapproximate Danxious答案：Balternative意为“可供选择的，两者挑一的”。句意：经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受他们还有另外一个计划。appropriate“适当的”；approximate“大约的，大概的”；anxious“焦虑的”。2interrupt vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flas
16、h.我们中断节目，报告新闻快讯。Its bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。归纳拓展(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)(因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruption n.打扰、插嘴、打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地Lets go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。辨析：interrupt,disturb(1)interrupt突然中
17、断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。强调“断”。(2)disturb较正式用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。强调“扰”。Youd better not interrupt him.He is sleeping.你最好别打扰他。他在睡觉。The noise of the machine disturbed my sleep last night.昨晚，机器的噪声使得我没睡好觉。运用提升完成句子(1)他们的谈话被敲门声打断了。Their talk_ _ _a knock at the door.(2)她连续讲了50分钟。She spoke
18、 for 50 minutes_ _.答 案：(1)was interrupted by(2)without interruption3assume vt.假定；设想Dont always assume the worst.别总往最坏处想。归纳拓展(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that.被认为(2)assumption n.假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that 假定(3)assuming that.假设/假定We must assume him to be in
19、nocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。Assuming that the proposal is accepted,when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。辨析：assume,guess,imagine(1)assume假设，设想，认为；指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并
20、非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。(2)guess猜测，猜想，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。(3)imagine想象，指毫无根据、随意想象，可在脑海中构成清晰的明确的图像。运用提升_we make$5,000 every month,it wont take long for us to pay off the debt.AGiving that BAssume thatCAssuming that DGiven what答案：C4arrest n.逮捕；拘留 vt.逮捕；吸引Her laughter arrested our attention and
21、 we all stared at her.她的笑声吸引了我们的注意，我们都盯着她看。Embry was arrested for stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。归纳拓展(1)arrest sb.for 因而逮捕某人arrest ones attention 引起注意get arrested 遭逮捕(2)under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕He was placed under house arrest in 1995.他在1995年被软禁。The police expected to make an arrest soon.警方很快就会进
22、行拘捕。运用提升完成句子The general manager of the company_ _the other day and was still_ _，which_ _ _of the public.这个公司的总经理前几天被逮捕了，现在还在关押中，这引起了公众的注意。答 案：got arrested;under arrest;arrested the attention5regardless of 不管；不顾The law requires equal treatment for all,regardless of race,religion,or sex.这一法律要求平等对待每一个人
23、，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。Regardless of whether he is right or wrong,we have to follow his decisions.不论他是对还是错，我们必须遵守他的决定。点拨：(1)regardless of.强调不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in spite of有“尽管但是”之意。(2)regardless of后可接whether,what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.
24、我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。运用提升_the cold weather,the volunteers came to clean the street as usual.AIn spite of BThoughCAlthough DRegardless of答案：D6If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！“If only句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望“要是就好了/但愿”。归纳拓展if only.could/woulddo.表示与将来事实相反的愿望；if only.did.表示与目前或现在事实相反的愿望；if
25、 only.had done.表示与过去事实相反的愿望。Ah,if only we had a child!唉，我们要是有个孩子该多好啊！If only you had worked with greater care!你工作要是再仔细一些该多好啊！If only I were a millionaire!要是我是个百万富翁就好了！点拨：only if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。运用提升Look at these black clouds.It_soon.Sure.If only we_out.Ais raining;didnt comeBis to rain;wont startCwill rain;havent startedDis going to rain;hadnt come答案：D
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