1、GrammarThe use of“It”it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。1人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如：1）That vase is valuable.Its more than 200 years old.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如：2）Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?it可用来指代团体。如：3）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal.it用以代替指示代词this,that.如：4）-
2、Whats this?-Its a pen.2 指示代词it，常用以指人。如：5）Go and see who it is.6）-Who is making such a noise?-It must be the children.7)-Who is it?(someone is knocking on the door.)-It is me,Helen.3it常用作没有具体意义的主语，表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如：7）It is half past three now.8）It was very cold;it snowed and grew dark.it也常
3、用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：9）Its awfulIve got so much work I dont know where to start.10）Take it easy.it也常用于下列结构：11）It looks as if the college is very small.12）It seems as though our plan will be perfect.13）Its my turn to clean the classroom.14)It is said that the boat sank after hitting an iceberg.15)It is rep
4、orted that.16)It is believed/thought/announced that.4.it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义.（1）用作形式主语15）It is difficult to translate this article.16）It is no use going there so early.17）It is strange that he did not come at all.在上述诸例中，后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置，而出现于句首。To translate this article is difficult.Going there so ear
5、ly is no use.That he did not come at all is strange.此外，也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。如：19）It seems that John is not coming after all.20）It happened that John was the only witness.上述两例只能转换为：John doesnt seem to be coming after all.John happened to be the only witness.（2）形式宾语21）I found it difficult to explain to
6、him what happened.22）He thought it no use going over the subject again.23）They kept it quiet that he was dead.24）We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.5强调句型强调句型的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。如：25）It was Jane that/who called this morning.26）It was a
7、parcel that she brought him.（1）冬天，天色晚得早。（2）问她没有用。（3）从这儿到车站有两英里（路程）。（4）你见过下冰雹吗？It is getting dark earlier in winter.It is no use asking her.Its two miles from here to the bus station.Have you seen it hailing?It is up to you to decide what to do.It is said that he has been to the U.S.A.twice.It seems
8、that he is much afraid.It was several months before we met again.(5)由你来决定该怎么办？(6)据说他已去过美国两次了。(7)看来，他很害怕。(8)几个月之后我们才又见面。1 It is modern technology that makes it possible to find out more about the man in the grave.2 It is the tests on his teeth that show that he spent his youth in Central Europe.3 It
9、was in the Bronze Age that people could make tools of copper and bronze.4 It was from west Wales that the smaller blue stones came.Suggested answers to Exercise 1,P78 It was said that it was an important archaeological discovery.It was reported that this man had a son who grew up in Scotland.It is b
10、elieved that the two gold earrings found on the man are the oldest gold ever found in Britain.It is thought that European culture and techniques were brought to Britain through trade instead of war.It has been proved that the copper knives came from Spain and western France.It is unknown how these huge stones were transported over a distance of 380 kilometresExercise 2Goodbye
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