1、Section Learning about Language&Using LanguageUnit 3 A healthy life重点单词写作词汇1._ n 针；(注射器的)针头2._ n.偏见；成见3._n 雪茄烟4._ adj.局促不安的；笨拙的 needleprejudicecigarawkward重点单词拓展词汇5._ adj.不合法的；违法的legal(反义词)adj.合法的6._ n看法；判决；判断judge v判决 7._ adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrass vt.使局促不安embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 8._ adj.男性的；雄性的 n.男人；雄性
2、动(植)物female(反义词)adj.女性的；雌性的 n.女人；雌性的动(植)物 9._ n幸存survive vi.幸存；活下来 illegaljudgementembarrassedmalesurvival重点单词阅读词汇10.appendix n _11.pill n._ 12.robbery n._13.immune adj._14.abortion n._ 附录；附件药丸；药片抢劫；盗窃有免疫力的流产；中途失败重点短语1._ 节食2._透不过气来 3._不顾；不管 4._下定决心5._ 冒险6._陷入；染上(坏习惯)7._首先 8._处境危险；遭受危险 go on a dietou
3、t of breathin spite ofmake up ones mindtake risks(a risk)get intoin the first placeat risk重点句型1.It is被强调部分that/who.In fact _(正是)the mental addiction rather than the physical effects _(使戒烟很难).2.so.that.如此以至于You can have HIV in your blood for a long time,but eventually HIV will damage your immune syst
4、em _(如此严重以至于你的身体不能再抵抗疾病).it isthat makes it really hard to quit smokingso much that your body can no longer fight diseaseRead the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.1You can get HIV through _Ahaving meals with the patients with AIDSBkissing someone with AIDSCinjecting drugs u
5、sing the same needleDtouching someone infected with HIV2We can infer from the passage that _AHIV is the same as AIDSBHIV is different from AIDSCHIV weakens a persons immune systemDyou can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time3The passage tells us about _Asome common understanding of HIV/AIDSB
6、a cure for HIV/AIDS that has been found by scientistsCways to protect ourselvesDthe definition of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us4The passage is a(n)_Aadvertisement BstoryCposter Dnews report答案：14.CBDCat risk 处境危险；遭受危险immuneImjunadj.有免疫力的chancetansn.(尤指希望发生的事的)可能性survivalsvaIvln幸存fluidfluIdn.流体；液体sex
7、seksn.性；性别infectedInfektIdadj.感染病菌的；被感染的infectionInfeknn传染，感染；传染病injectionIndeknn注射；注射剂injectIndektvt.注射a cure for.治疗的方法needlenidln.针；(注射器的)针头spillspIl(spilt，spilt)vi.溢出；洒落 vt.使溢出；使洒落malemeIln.男人；雄性动(植)物 adj.男性的；雄性的femalefimeIln.女人；雌性的动(植)物adj.女性的；雌性的homosexualhmsekln.同性恋 adj.同性恋的；前缀homo-(同样；相同)常构成名
8、词和形容词。prejudicepreddIsn.偏见；成见【核心素养链接】为提高人们对艾滋病的认识，世界卫生组织于 1988 年 1月将每年的 12 月 1 日定为世界艾滋病日，号召世界各国和国际组织在这一天举办相关活动，宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识。从此，这个概念被全球各国政府、国际组织和慈善机构采纳。之所以将每年 12 月 1 日定为世界艾滋病日，是因为第一个艾滋病病例是在 1981 年 12 月 1 日诊断出来的。世界艾滋病日的标志是红绸带。红绸带标志的意义：红绸带像一条纽带，将世界人民紧紧联系在一起，共同抗击艾滋病。它象征着我们对艾滋病病人和感染者的关心与支持；象征着我们对生命的热爱和对
9、和平的渴望；象征着我们要用“心”来参与预防艾滋病的工作。HIV/AIDS：ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus.A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.There are many different viruses,for example,the flu virus or the SARS virus.HIV weakens a persons immune system;that is,the part of the body that fights disease.You can have
10、HIV in your blood for a long time,but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS.If you develop AIDS,your chances of survivalare very small.so.that.如此以至于，that 引导结果状语从句。HIV is spread through blood or the fl
11、uid that the body makes during sex.For a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus,has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS.Until that happens,you need to protect yourself.Here are some things you can
12、 do to make sure you stay safe.本句为复合句，其中 you can do 为定语从句，修饰先行词things,you stay safe 为省略 that 的宾语从句，作 make sure 的宾语。If you inject drugs：do not share your needle with anyone else.Blood fromanother person can stay on or in the needle.If a person has HIVand you use the same needle,you could inject the v
13、irus into yourown blood.do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.Blood could have spilt on it.If you have sex with a male or a female：use a condom.This will prevent sexual fluid passing from oneperson to another.The following statements are NOT true.A person cannot get
14、 HIV the first time they have sex.WRONG.If one sexual partner has HIV,the other partner couldbecome infected.You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.WRONG.Many people carrying HIV look perfectlyhealthy.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that aperson begins to
15、look sick.Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG.Anyone who has sexwith a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus.Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.If you hug,touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home,you will get HIV/AIDS.WRONG.You can only getthe d
16、isease from blood or sexual fluid.Unfortunately,people withHIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.Manypeople are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infectedwith HIV/AIDS.For the same reason,some AIDS patientscannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.You can g
17、et HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes.WRONG.There isno evidence of this.the first time they have sex 为 the first time 引导的时间状语从句，the first time 表示“第一次的时候”。carrying HIV 为现在分词短语作定语，修饰 Many people。本句使用了强调句型 It is.that.，被强调部分 only when the disease has progressed to AIDS 是时间状语从句。who has sex.with HIV/AIDS 为 who 引导的定
18、语从句，修饰先行词 Anyone，其中 infected with HIV/AIDS 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 a person。人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？HIV 是一种病毒。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。病毒的种类多种多样，如流感病毒或 SARS 病毒。HIV 病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。HIV 病毒可以在血液中长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，致使你的身体不能再与疾病抗衡。疾病发展到这一阶段就叫艾滋病了。如果你得了艾滋病，那你存活的希望就很小了。HIV 病毒是通过血液或性交时身体产生的体液传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或
19、通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。总有一天科学家们会找到医治 HIV 病毒和艾滋病的方法。在找到之前，你需要保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。如果你要注射药物：不要同他人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头上或针头内。如果一个人携带 HIV 病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把这种病毒注入你自己的血液中。在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何物品。血液可能已经溅到这些物品上了。如果你同一个男人或女人性交：使用避孕套。这样可以防止性交时产生的体液的传播。下列这些说法都是错误的。初次性交时不可能感染 HIV 病毒。错误。如果性交的某一方携带 HIV 病毒，另
20、一方就有可能被感染。你可以通过观察辨别出某人是否携带 HIV 病毒。错误。许多携带 HIV 病毒的人看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错误。任何人如果同感染了 HIV 病毒或得艾滋病的人性交，就有感染这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。如果同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会感染 HIV 病毒或得艾滋病。错误。你只可能通过血液或性交时产生的体液得这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，携带 HIV病毒的人有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从患者那儿感染 HIV 病毒或得艾滋病。出于相同的原因，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找
21、不到人来照顾他们。蚊子可以传播 HIV 病毒或艾滋病。错误。还没有证据证明这一点。in spite of 不顾；不管(教材 P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed.He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.尽管他已竭尽全力，但仍然失败了。他是如此苦恼以至于他想要哭。(1)in spite of 和 despite 介词短语，后跟名词。(2)although,though,as 为连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。In spite of his age,he still leads
22、 an busy life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。Although/Though we are very tired,we have to stay up，preparing the report.尽管我们很累，我们必须熬夜准备报告。链接写作一句多译尽管交通拥挤，他还是设法准时来了。_,he managed to come on time.(介词短语)_,he managed to come on time.(状语从句)_,he managed to come on time.(倒装)In spite of/Despite the heavy trafficAlthough/
23、Though the traffic was heavyHeavy as the traffic wastake risks/a risk 冒险(教材 P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.他感到每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。(1)take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事 at risk 有风险 at the risk of.冒着的风险(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事Your health might be at risk due t
24、o much smoking.由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing this opportunity.他为面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒险失去这次机会。athurting即学即练单句语法填空(2017全国卷)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be _ risk of getting fined.If you tell him the truth,you will risk _(hurt)hi
25、s feelings.链接写作一句多译有一大家人要养活，他不能冒险失去这次好机会。He has a large family to support,so he cant _(risk n)He has a large family to support,so he cant _(risk n)He has a large family to support,so he cant _(risk v)take risks/a take/run therisk losing risk to lose the good chancerisk of losing the good chancethe g
26、ood chanceget into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)(教材 P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯！get away with 侥幸成功；逃脱处罚 get along/on with 事情进展；相处 get down to 开始认真处理，对待 get rid of 去掉；摆脱 get through 通过；拨通(电话)；完成 get over 克服(困难等)；恢复Dont le
27、t yourself get into the bad habit of smoking.不要让自己染上抽烟的坏习惯。If you continue spending money like this,youll get intodebt.如果你继续这样花钱，(总有一天)你会负债的。即学即练用 get 的相关短语填空The girl has _ the habit of playing with her hair while reading.The moment he arrived home,he _ dealing with the tough problem.I wont have you
28、 _ telling people lies.got intogot down togetting away withsurvival n幸存；幸存者(教材 P22)If you develop AIDS,your chances of survival are very small.如果你得了艾滋病，那你存活的希望就很小了。(1)survive vt.&vi.生还，幸存；比活得久(2)survivor n.生还者；残存者，幸存者A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.很多小公司不得不为生存而拼搏。Her parents died
29、 in the accident,but she survived.她的父母死于车祸，但她幸免于难。链接写作一句多译那天晚上幸存下来之后，他们相信其他的一切都会好起来的。_,they were confident that everything else would be all right.(状语从句)_,they were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)After they survived that nightHaving survived that nightjudgement n看法；评价；判
30、决；判断(教材 P23)Before you read this text,what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?在读这篇文章之前，你对 HIV 病毒携带者或艾滋病患者作什么样的评价呢？(1)in ones judgement 在某人看来 make a judgement on/about 对作出判断 pass judgement on 对作出评判(2)judge v.审判；评判；断定 judging from/by.根据来判断(作插入语)He refused to make a judgement about the
31、situation.他拒绝对形势作出评价。In my judgement/opinion,he was unfit for the job.依我看，他不适合这项工作。即学即练单句语法填空I dont think you have the right to pass _(judge)on others._(judge)by/from his appearance and accent,the man must be from the south.judgementJudgingembarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的(教 材 P24)Then she offered me a ciga
32、rette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.然后她给我一支烟，我感到很尴尬且局促不安。(1)get/feel embarrassed 变得/感到尴尬 be embarrassed to do sth.对于做某事感到窘迫 be embarrassed about.对感到尴尬(2)embarrass vt.使难堪；使尴尬(3)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的(4)embarrassment n.难堪；窘迫He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.他不好意思承认犯了错。She gets embar
33、rassed if we ask her to sing.如果我们让她唱歌，她就会难为情。to hearembarrassingembarrassment即学即练单句语法填空He was very embarrassed _(hear)people speak so highly of him.Now he is in an _(embarrass)situation.My face turned red with _(embarrass)强调句型(教材 P22)It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person b
34、egins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是 only when the disease has progressed to AIDS,在句中作时间状语。强调句型It is被强调部分that/who其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句把 is/was 提前，即：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？not.until 的强调句It was/is not until.that.It is only when we get ill that we begin
35、 to realize how important it is to keep healthy.只有当我们生病的时候我们才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。Who was it that broke the window?是谁打碎的窗户？It was not untilthat链接写作句式升级(普通表达)He didnt meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from America.(高级表达)_ he came back from America _ he met the girl he would like to marry.(强调句型)本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放