1、阅读理解精讲精炼21116.Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made fro
2、m shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s. Decades later, however,
3、 plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that l
4、asts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, in
5、sect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk lowcost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environm
6、ents. Theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home. Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 66. Paragraph 1 of the passage is
7、mainly about shrilks _. Aremarkable design Binteresting name Cmajor features Dbasic elements67. What has become a concern about plastic? AUsing it properly. BProducing it cheaply. CDeveloping its properties quickly. DEvaluating its contributions fairly.68. According to the inventors，shrilk has great
8、 potential partly because _. Ait can help plastic degrade Bit can be found in living things Cits mass production has been realized Dits raw materials are abundant in nature 69. What are the inventors doing in the lab? AReplacing carbon fibers with shrilk. BTesting shrilks use in wet conditions. CMak
9、ing shrilk out of used household goods. DImproving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ARecent Progress in Environmental Protection BBenefits of Insects in Scientific Research CThe Harm of Onetime ProductsD.A Possible Alternative
10、 to Plastic【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。66. C段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据第一段Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable可以推知，选项C符合文意。67. A细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第二段however, plastics very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for on
11、etime products可以推知，选项A符合文意。68. D细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第四段Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything可以推知，选项D符合文意。69. B细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章最后一段so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.可以推知，选项B符合文意。70. D主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能力。根据文章第一段The materi
12、als could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.以及后文具体谈论的该材料优于塑料的内容可以推知，选择D符合文意。117.Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to
13、think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problemsolving work? The way most of us spe
14、nd our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, openminded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when were unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy pe
15、oples lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune_into_your_wandering_mind,_youre missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer. The trip you take to work doesnt help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel bet
16、ween neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about whats going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the days work is done. So what would our mornings look like if we wan
17、ted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? Wed set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. Wed stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relax
18、ation. Wed take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the officeafter we get a cup of coffeewed click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.67According to the author, we are more creative when we ar
19、e _. Afocused Brelaxed Cawake Dbusy68What does the author imply about newspapers? AThey are solution providers. BThey are a source of inspiration. CThey are normally full of bad news. DThey are more educational than websites.69By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_” Awa
20、nder into the wild Blisten to a beautiful tune Cswitch to the traffic channel Dstop concentrating on anything70The author writes the last paragraph in order to _. Aoffer practical suggestions Bsummarize past experiences Cadvocate diverse ways of life Destablish a routine for the future【要点综述】此篇作者根据自己
21、的观察，发现人们工作中的问题，并提出了增强创造性的建议。67B信息理解题。根据第二段your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.可知正确答案为B。68C推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句话：“当你浏览报纸上令人沮丧的消息和关于灾难的报道时，你怎么能安心工作呢？”所以C项正确。69D词义理解题。划线部分句子的意思为：不给自己时间随着自己的思绪徜徉，你将错过一些令人吃惊的(好的)解决问题的方案。D项正确。70A主旨大意题。最后一段首句即为此段中心句，它交代了这一段的写作意图，所以A项正确。118. I
22、 have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a
23、low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding sche
24、dule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby
25、in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7
26、, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of pare
27、ntal education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advo
28、cating strictly timed baby feeding practices. 31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _. Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry32. What does the author think about Dr King? AHe is strict. BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets a timetable for mothers.33. The word cop
29、perbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_. Abasic Breliable Csurprising Dinteresting34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? AThe baby will sleep well. BThe baby will have its brain harmed. CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level. DThe baby will grow to be wi
30、ser by the age of 8.35. The author supports feeding the baby _. Ain the night Bevery four hours Cwhenever it wants food Daccording to its blood sugar level【要点综述】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。31. D细节理解题。从第二段The baby asks for attention by crying and searching fo
31、r food with its mouth.看出婴儿哭是因为饿了。故选D。32. C作者观点题。根据第三段Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.看出作者认为Dr Frederic Truby King的观点是不正确
32、的。故选C。33. B词义猜测题。根据本段的research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are
33、four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出这个研究是非常可靠的。basic“基础的，基本的”；reliable“可依赖的，可靠的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”；interesting“有趣的”。故选B。34. D细节理解题。根据第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出答案。故选D。35. C细节理解题。本文的第一句(
34、I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。119.Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard
35、it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same
36、 action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undou
37、btedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to list
38、en to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with
39、social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and
40、interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67Mirror neurons can explain _.Awhy we cry when we
41、 are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off Bcut offCbuilt up Dbroken up69We can learn from the passage that mirror n
42、eurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find mirror neurons.BProblems of mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror ne
43、urons.DFunctions of mirror neurons.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. A词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。69. A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. D主旨
44、大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。120.Decisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests t
45、hat stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either r
46、ewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered t
47、he rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associate
48、d with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differentl
49、y in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stre
50、ssful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more
51、 often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequentlyDlearn a subject more effectively65According
52、 to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions66The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.Awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency t
53、o slow downCwomen focus more on outcomesDmen are more likely to take risks【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64. A细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone throug
54、h the stress.”可知A为正确答案。65. A推理判断题。根据文章标题和实验内容，可知作者要说明的是“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以选A。66. D细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the
55、 opposite way.”可知D为正确选项。121.Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear(鞋类)in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits(展品)from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. Ro
56、om 1The celebrity(名人)footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities choice of footwear extremely interesti
57、ng.Room 2Most of our visitors are amazedand shockedby the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example, there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much！Room 3As well as shoe
58、s and boots, the museum also exhibits shoeshaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that look like legs！The Footwear LibraryPeople come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Des
59、igners and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.56. Where would you find a famous singers shoes?A. Room 1. B. Room 2.C. Room 3. D. The Footwear Library.57. All exhibits each room _.A. share the same theme B. have the same shapeC.
60、are made of the same material D. belong to the same social class58. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.D. Research
61、ers come to the Footwear Library for data.59. The purpose of the text is to get more people to _.A. do research B. design shoesC. visit the museum D. follow celebrities【要点综述】本文讲述世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一Footwear Museum。56. A细节推断题。Room 1中有名人鞋的展品，所以选A。57. A推理判断题。每个展厅的展品都和“鞋类”有关。所以选A。58. D细节推断题。根据The Footwear L
62、ibrary中Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.可判断研究者是为了收集资料。59. C推理判断题。本文讲述了世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一Footwear Museum，目的是吸引更多的人来参观。122. Welcome to your future life! You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face i
63、s firm and younglooking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150，so at 40, youre not old at all. And your parents just had an antiaging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of you look the same age! You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue
64、 to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change your clothes color or pattern. You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says，“ You shouldnt drink that！” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片)
65、that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is old. In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip. Its time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Suc
66、h “smart technology” is all around you. So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed，” says scientist Andrew Zolli ，“it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one examplewhat will be the next?72. We can learn from the text that in the f
67、uture _.A. people will never get oldB. everyone will look the sameC. red will be the most popular colorD. clothes will be able to change their pattern73. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Milk will be harmful to health.B. More drinks will be available for sale.C. Food in the grocery store wil
68、l carry electronic information.D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.74. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?A. Nothing can replace the Internet.B. Fridges will know what people need.C. Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide.D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.7
69、5What is the text mainly about?A. Food and clothing in 2035.B. Future technology in everyday life.C. Medical treatments of the future.D. The reason for the success of new technology.【要点综述】本文讲述未来随着技术的不断发展，和日常生活相关的医疗、衣服材料、食物、汽车等也发生很大的变化。72. D细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句The particles can be programmed to change clo
70、thes color or pattern.可推断衣服能够改变样式。73. C推理判断题。根据第四段中the chip (芯片) that contains information 和In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip可推断食品店中的食物能够携带电子信息。74. D细节推断题。根据第五段中In 2035, cars drive themselves.可推断车能够自动驾驶。75. B主旨大意题。本文介绍未来随着技术的不断发展，和日常生活相关的东西也发生很大的变化。123.Do you know h
71、ow it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do someth
72、ing, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biolog
73、ical basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A
74、group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well
75、result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems
76、to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perha
77、ps youll understand why.67Mirror neurons can explain _.Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off
78、 Bcut offCbuilt up Dbroken up69We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays
79、to find mirror neurons.BProblems of mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror neurons.DFunctions of mirror neurons.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. A词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。69. A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。