1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第四单元检测(时间:90分钟满分:120分)一、阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)AAstronomy is the oldest science known to man.Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens.But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,
2、000 years ago.They could see the size,colour,and brightness of stars.They could see their places in the sky.They watched the stars move as the seasons changed.But the Greeks had no tools to help them study the starry heavens.Each new tool added to the files of astronomy helped man reach out into spa
3、ce.Until there were telescopes(望远镜),man knew little about the moon.They did not know that the planet called Saturn(土星)had rings around it.Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets.In the early 1700s,people thought there were only six planets.Before the spectroscope(分光镜),man
4、did not know what kind of gases is in the sun or other stars.Without the radio telescope(电望远镜)we did not know that radio noises come from far out in space.Today,astronomy is a growing science.We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.1The passage mainly tell
5、s us .A.the spectroscope helps man know what kind of gases is in the sun and other starsB.there are nine planets in spaceC.there was much noise in spaceD.science cant grow fast without modern technology答案D解析主旨大意题。通过本文的叙述,我们知道没有现代技术,科学不可能发展得快。2Thousands of years ago,.A.man watched the stars with thei
6、r eyesB.telescopes helped man to study the starsC.man knew nothing about the skyD.man knew Saturn had rings around it答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段可知,在古代,人们主要通过肉眼来观察星球。3When the Greeks watched the stars,they knew all of the following except .A.the colour of the starsB.the size of the starsC.the movement of the sta
7、rsD.what the stars were made of答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段可知,只有D项的内容“星球是由什么组成的”没有提到。4Man now knows .A.the moon has rings around itB.there are six planetsC.Saturns rings can be seen by human eyesD.radio noises come from far out in space答案D解析由第四段最后一句可推知,现在人们已经知道无线电噪音来自遥远的太空。5From this passage we can see that in t
8、he last fifty years .A.astronomy has become a scienceB.people have made great progress in astronomyC.people have begun to do research on astronomyD.astronomy has limited mans knowledge of space 答案B解析细节理解题。由短文最后一句可以得出答案。BFrom boyhood he was interested in Astronomy,and while at Cambridge he would sit
9、up at night to watch the stars.But he was dissatisfied with the telescopes of those days because they didnt show him a clear picture of things.At first he thought there must be something wrong with the lens(镜头).But no matter how hard he tried to improve the lens,the trouble was still there.This set
10、Newton thinking.He began to study the nature of light and colours.In the end he found that sunlight,or white light,is actually made up of a row of colours.He counted seven colours in all.This was of course a great discovery.But Newton still wasnt satisfied.His mind was busy with another problem.Befo
11、re Newtons time,scientists had already discovered that the sun,not the earth,was the centre of the universe,and they knew that the earth and the other planets moved round the sun.But they couldnt explain why this was so until Newton gave the answer.One autumn evening while Newton was sitting under a
12、n apple tree thinking over these problems,he saw the moon rise in the sky.Why,he asked himself,should the moon round the earth,never leaving the same path?At that moment,he heard an apple drop from the tree.Why should the apple drop to the ground?Why didnt it go sideways or fly up?There seemed to be
13、 only one reason:The earth was drawing itthat is the force of gravity.If a stone is tied to the end of a string and whirled around,it flies round and round in circles because of the string.In the same way,the force of gravity,thought Newton,must be the force that keeps the moon going round the earth
14、 and the planets round the sun.6This passage tells us.A.Newton gave the right answer to the making up of the sunlightB.Newton found that the moon goes round the earthC.how Newton made two of his greatest discoveriesD.why Newton made two of his great discoveries at home答案C解析主旨大意题。整篇文章的内容集中在牛顿是怎样得出两项重
15、大发现的。7Give the right order of the events given in the passage.a.Newton found that sunlight is made up of a row of colours.b.Newton wondered why the apple didnt go sideways.c.Newton decided that the force of gravity keeps the moon going round the earth.d.Newton tried every means to improve the lens.e
16、.Newton counted the number of colours.A.e,d,c,a,bB.e,a,c,b,dC.d,a,e,b,cD.d,e,a,b,c答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句知,牛顿先发现太阳光由一组颜色组成,然后再数颜色的数目。由此排除A、B和D三项。8Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “But they couldnt explain why this was so until Newton gave the answer.”?A.But Newton gave the answer bec
17、ause they couldnt explain why.B.But Newton couldnt explain why unless they gave the answer.C.But it was Newton who gave the answer.D.But Newton was the first to give the answer.答案D解析句意猜测题。句意“直到牛顿给出答案他们才知道为什么会这样”,由此得出答案为D项。CAccording to the new research from the University of Cambridge in England,she
18、ep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.The farm animals,who are social and have large brains,were previously known to be able to recognize one another,as well as familiar humans.However,their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel(新颖的).The recent study,the results
19、 of which were published in the journal Royal Society,showed that the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces,including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.Initially,the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food re
20、wards.Later,they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded.The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle,though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percentthe same rate at which a humans ability to perform the same task declines.“Anyone who has spen
21、t time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent,individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton,who led the Cambridge study.“Weve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities,comparable with those of humans and monke
22、ys.”Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being,and some disorders of the brain,including Huntingtons disease,affect this ability.“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys.That means they can be useful mode
23、ls to help us understand disorders of the brain,such as Huntingtons disease,which develops over a long time and affects cognitive abilities.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change,” Morton said.9According to the new research,whats unusual about sheep?A.They have large br
24、ains.B.They can recognize their owners.C.They can recognize human faces from photographs.D.They can tell animals from humans.答案C解析细节理解题。由第一段中“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.”可知,绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸。故选C项。10How did the researchers train the sheep?A.By giving food rewards.B.
25、By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.C.By guiding them to follow their handlers.D.By showing photos of famous people.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Initially,the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知,研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊。故选A项。11What can be inferred from the pas
26、sage?A.Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.B.The sheeps face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.C.The sheeps face-recognition ability stays the same when shown photos at any angle.D.The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability chang
27、es.答案D解析推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可知,从这篇文章中可以推断出新的发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究。故选D项。12Whats the best title of the passage?A.A Wonderful ScientistB.How Sheep Recognize Each OtherC.A New Discovery about SheepD.The Life of Sheep答案C解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“According t
28、o the new research from the University of Cambridge in England,sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.”可知,这篇文章主要讲了新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Without plants,people could not live.We eat plants.13 And we need plants for anoth
29、er reasonwe need them because they are beautiful.14 Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells,their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes.Imagine,when the wind blows,we are not able to hear the leaves of the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side.15 That is why we have parks full o
30、f trees and flowers.That is why people always like houses with room for some grass and a garden.Do you talk to your plants?16 Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird,writers of a book called The Street of Plants,tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places.While the plants w
31、ere growing,one plant was given love and hopeful ideas.17 Under the earth it had more and longer roots;above the earth,it had a thicker stem and more leaves.A.Plants get energy from the sun.B.Do you give them love and take care of them?C.After six months,the deserted plant faded (凋谢) away.D.After si
32、x months,the beloved plant was bigger.E.We take in oxygen that plants make.F.Everywhere people need beautiful plants.G.Imagine a world without plants.答案1317 EGFBD二、英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)Scientific research has a great influence on our society.18 the one hand,we 19 to provide t
33、he research work a free 20.While on the other hand,we are afraid that some of the research will be 21 to our society.Thus,there should be a balance 22 the government whether or not to 23 scientific research and development.24 the scientific research is a job 25,it is hard for the government even the
34、 public to decide whether or not a research is 26.But the scientific research,27 something else,cant go without creativity.28,as we all know,should not be limited.If we 29,we will find 30 far-reaching research work came from free thinking,of which the 31 ideas may seem fantastic at the beginning.Tak
35、e Einstein 32 example.He 33 the Theory of Relativity.His raw idea of the 34 was considered meaningless by the public.No one at that time was able to 35 that this fantastic idea would lead to a 36 revolution for Physics.37,free thinking without limit can encourage creativity to some extent (从某种程度上).T
36、his is of great importance to the scientific research.18A.On B.In C.At D.With答案A解析由下文的“on the other hand”可知,此处应为on the one hand“一方面”,为固定搭配。19A.advisedB.are advisedC.adviseD.advising答案B解析advise后不能直接跟不定式。根据句意此处需用被动语态。20A.spaceB.roomC.atmosphereD.discussion答案C解析句意“建议人们给研究工作提供一种自由的氛围”。space和room表示“空间”时,
37、均为不可数名词,其前不能使用不定冠词a。discussion“讨论”,不符合句意。21A.goodB.harmfulC.benefitD.harm答案B解析根据“on the other hand”与前面构成的相反的关系,可知harmful符合句意。be harmful to意为“对有害”。22A.onB.inC.forD.with答案C解析这样,对政府来说是否限制科学研究和发展应该有个平衡。for 意为“对于来说”。23A.limitB.improveC.blockD.puzzle答案A解析根据这句话中的“balance”可以推断出选A项。improve “改进”;block“封锁,阻碍,堵
38、住”;puzzle“(使)迷惑;(使)为难”。24A.ForB.WhenC.Now thatD.As soon as答案C解析now that意为“既然”,其引导的句子与后一句话成因果关系。for意为“由于”,也可引导表示原因的分句,但常放在主句的后面,且有逗号将其与主句隔开。25A.in advanceB.in an advanceC.in the advanceD.in advances答案A解析既然科学研究是一项可预先做的工作。in advance “预先;事先”,固定短语。26A.valueB.valuableC.helplessD.useless答案B解析对政府甚至是公众来说很难确定
39、一项研究是否是有价值的。根据句意可知选B项。27A.asB.as forC.likeD.unlike答案D解析但是科学研究不像其他事情,没有创造是行不通的。根据句意可知选D项。28A.CreateB.CreativityC.CreativeD.Creator答案B解析承前,众所周知,创造性是不应被限制的。creativity“创造”,为名词;create为动词,意为“创造”;creative为形容词,意为“有创造力的”;creator为表示人的名词,意为“创建者,创作者”。29A.look backB.look outC.look intoD.look after答案A解析如果回顾过去,我们将
40、发现许多深远的研究工作都来自自由的思考。look back“回想;记起”;look out“注意”;look into“调查”;look after“照顾”。30A.a good manyB.a great deal ofC.a good fewD.a good little答案B解析a good many和a great deal of都意为“很多”,前者接可数名词复数,后者接不可数名词。其他两个词组搭配不正确。31A.wonderfulB.greatC.terribleD.raw答案D解析由下文的“His raw idea .meaningless .”可知选D项。32A.inB.forC
41、.atD.from答案B解析举爱因斯坦为例。take .for example“举为例”,为固定短语。33A.keep up withB.catch up withC.put up withD.came up with答案D解析他提出了相对论。come up with“提出”;keep up with“跟上”;catch up with“赶上”;put up with“忍受;容忍”。34A.theoryB.suggestionC.thinking D.advice答案A解析承接前面句子中的the Theory of Relativity。35A.tellB.sayC.speakD.read答案
42、A解析在那时没人能够断定爱因斯坦的这一想法将导致一场物理方面的全球性革命。tell此处意为“断定”。36A.badB.rudeC.globalD.terrible答案C解析global“全球性的”,符合句意。其他三项表示消极意义,故排除。37A.ThusB.HoweverC.AndD.But答案A解析这样看来,没有限制的自由思考从某种程度上能够鼓励创造性。thus“因而;从而”;however“然而,可是”;and和but之后一般不用逗号。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We high school student
43、s do have some growing pains,but we can get rid of them 38.(correct) and wisely.39.(one),some of us are upset about our body styles and looks.Its unnecessary and its not important at all.We neednt care about it.It is ones inner beauty 40. matters.Second,we sometimes seem to 41.(misunderstand) by our
44、 teachers,parents and classmates.42.(face) with this,we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them,trying 43.(remove) the misunderstanding.Some of us have fewer friends.I think being open-minded and friendly will be good for you.Third,we may fall behind others,44. makes us stress
45、ed.Actually we can encourage 45.(us) to work efficiently,full of 46.(determine).At last,some of us dont have much pocket money,so we feel unhappy.Isnt it strange?So long as we have some,thats enough.And we can learn 47. to spend money.答案38.correctly39.First40.that41.be misunderstood42.Faced43.to rem
46、ove44.which45.ourselves46.determination47.how三、写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Once,lately at night,
47、an Englishman came out of his room into a passage of the hotel and ask the servant to bring him a glass of water.The servant did as she asked.The Englishman reentered his room,but a few minute later he came into the passage again but once more asked the servant a glass of water.Every a few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeated his request.After a half hour the astonishing servant decided to ask the man what he is doing with the water.“Nothing,” answered he calm.“Its simply that the room is on fire.”答案Once,- 8 - 版权所有高考资源网