1、2012届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：必修1 Unit 1Lifestyles生活方式（北师大版）核心词汇1Scientists _(猜想)that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.2Ive really got nothing to _(抱怨)of.3At the moment，he _(宁愿)not to think about the future.4The experiment is _(打算将用作)to test the new drug.5The old man entered the room _(支撑，支托，扶持)by his grandson.6
2、She _(使放松)her mind by listening to some _(令人放松的)music.7Her father advised her to keep her _(冷淡，疏远)from that fellow and she should always be _(冷淡的)with him.1.supposedplain3.preferred4.designed5.supported6.relaxed/relaxes；relaxing7.distance；distant高频短语1_转换频道，转变2_ (爆竹、铃等)响3_ 占据4_ 充满着5_ 忍受，遭受6_ 此刻，目前7_
3、换衣服8_ 追上，赶上，想出，找到9_ 盼望，期望(其中to是介词)10_ 除之外(还)；既 又；和一样好11_ 数年间1.switch over2.go off3.take up4.be filled with5.suffer from6.at the moment7.get changede up with9.look forward to10.as well as11.over the years重点句式1_ I get good marks in my tests，it doesnt matter if I can speak English or not.只要考试能得高分，我会不会说
4、英语就无所谓了。2I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall _ the dog walks round in a circle.我总是随身携带手提电视，坐在石墙上看，而小狗则在我身边绕圈。3I am always the first person_.我总是第一个到达办公室的人。重点句式4Usually，its _crowded _ I cant find anywhere to sit.通常车太拥挤，以至于我找不到座位。5We dont have _ work hours _ office workers in the c
5、ity have.我们的工作时间与城里的办公室职员的工作时间不一样。6Hes on _ course _ me!他和我学习同样的课程。7_ that an English duchess Anna，the 7th Duchess of Bedford (17881861) first _ the idea of afternoon tea.据说是英国一个女公爵Anna，也就是Bedford的第七位女公爵(17881861)最早引进下午茶的。1.As long as2.while3.to get to the office4.so；that5.the same；that6.the same；as
6、7.People believe；introduced知识详解1. mattervi.& n有关系，要紧；物质；问题；毛病(回归课本P4)As long as I get good marks in my tests，it doesnt matter if I can speak English or not.只要考试能得高分，我会不会说英语就无关紧要了。归纳拓展as a matter of fact实际上to make matters worse更糟糕的是no matter(后接疑问词)不管，无论Whats the matter with.？怎么啦？It doesnt matter.没关系。
7、(朗文P1271)Making matters worse，the family has received several death threats.更糟的是，这家人已接到了好几个死亡恐吓电话。It doesnt really matter to me if I can get the position.是否能得到那个职位对我来说无关紧要。(牛津P1245)Its a nice place.Weve stayed there ourselves，as a matter of fact.那个地方不错。其实，我们自己在那儿呆过。例句探源1(2010年高考四川卷)Im sorry.That was
8、nt of much help.Oh，_.As a matter of fact，it was most helpful.Asure it was Bit doesnt matterCof course not Dthanks anyway解析：选A。句意：很抱歉，那对你没有多大帮助。噢，当然有帮助。实际上它很有帮助。根据后文，设空处是对上句的否定，故选A项。sure it was当然了；it doesnt matter没关系；of course not当然不；thanks anyway不管怎么说，还是要谢谢你。2. relaxingadj.轻松的，放松的；令人放松的(所修饰的词常为物)(回归
9、课本P7)I think a shepherds life is peaceful and relaxingbut maybe its boring sometimes.我认为牧羊人的生活是平静而轻松的，但有时也可能令人厌烦。relaxed adj.放松的(常修饰人，有时也修饰look，expression，eye，face等名词)relax vt.& vi.(使)放松relaxation n.放松；娱乐来源:学科网ZXXK归纳拓展(牛津P1678)He appeared relaxed and confident before the match.比赛前，他显得镇定而自信。Its not a
10、 relaxing task to take the space travel.太空旅行不是件轻松的任务。例句探源2完成句子她轻松的表情说明这次面试是令人感到放松的。Her _ look indicated that the interview was _.答案：relaxed；relaxing3. supposev认为；假设；应当，应该(回归课本P114)Mmmm and my life is very stressful，I suppose.嗯，我认为我的生活很有压力。supposesb./sth.to do/adj./prep.phrasesupposethatclause猜想，认为be
11、 supposed to do sth.理应做某事suppose/supposingthatclause假定，假设归纳拓展(2010年高考四川卷)I realized that he didnt know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.我意识到孩子不知道他应该为他的安全而害怕担心。Suppose/Supposing(that) they cant finish the work in time，we will have to put off the date of the ceremony.假如他们没能及时完
12、成工作，我们就得推迟典礼的日期。例句探源3翻译句子你不应该在这座大楼内抽烟。_答案：You are not supposed to smoke in the building.4 .complainvi. 抱怨；投诉(回归课本P9)I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family.My family complains about it.我很少有时间陪家人休闲或参加其它活动。我的家人对这很有怨言。归纳拓展(朗文P401)We called up to complain about the potholes in the
13、 road.我们打电话投诉公路上有凹坑。Almost immediately he began to complain that例句探源4完成句子来源:学科网ZXXK我向警方控诉邻居家的宠物。I complained _ the police _ my neighbors pets.答案：to；about/of5 .switch vt.转换，切换(回归课本P8)Then I get up，go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.然后我起床、下楼并且打开起居室的电视。归纳拓展switch on/off开/关(电灯、机器等)swi
14、tch(from A)to B(从A)转换到Bswitch through(to)将电话接通到switch over(to sth.)切换(到)；转换频道；交换(2010年高考上海卷)Even your decision to switch topics while prewriting is a type of revising.甚至是你写之前的变换标题也属于一种对作品的修改。(牛津P2047)How do you switch this thing on?这东西怎么开？例句探源5介词填空(1)You drive first and then we can switch _.答案：over(
15、2)I want to listen to the news.Could you switch _ the radio for me?答案：on(3)Tell the boy to switch _ all lights as he leaves the room to save electricity.答案：off6 .suffervt. & vi. 遭受，忍受；受苦；患病(回归课本P10)John suffers from backache.约翰遭受着背疼之苦。归纳拓展例句探源(2010年高考山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they
16、 get relief from this medicine.那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。(牛津P2019)He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it.他当初草率决定，现在吃苦头了。来源:学_科_网6He failed this college entrance examination，which_his parents very much.AupsetBaffectedCsuffered Dimpressed解析：选A。upset使心烦；affect影响；suffer遭受，经历；impress留下印象。句意：他没有
17、通过大学入学考试，这令他父母心烦。7 .standvt. 忍耐，忍受；经受得起(回归课本P11)I really love playing the piano，but I cant stand singing in front of the class.我真的喜欢弹钢琴，但是我却无法忍受在全班同学面前唱歌。stand作“容忍，忍受”讲时常用于否定句、疑问句。stand doing/to do sth.容忍做某事stand for代表stand by支持(某人)；袖手旁观stand out突出，显眼，引人注目归纳拓展(2010年高考湖北卷)Painted red，the building sta
18、nds out among the rest and looks very attractive.粉刷成了红色，那建筑物在其余的建筑物中很显眼，特别吸引人。Its hard to tell what the party stands for these days.如今这个党派的主张是什么很难说清楚。例句探源7翻译句子(1)His wife stood by him during his years in prison._答案：他坐牢的那几年里妻子一直支持他。(2)我受不了吃饭时有人在我附近吸烟。_答案：I cant stand people smoking around me when Im
19、eating.8 .prefervt.更喜欢，宁愿(回归课本P114)I prefer meeting people in small groups，you know.你知道，我比较喜欢和少部分人会面。归纳拓展(朗文P1601)Mom prefers to rent movies and watch them at home.妈妈更喜欢租电影在家看。I would prefer to stay at home rather than go there.我宁愿呆在家里也不去那里。(牛津P1557)I would prefer that you did not mention my name.我希
20、望你不要说出我的名字。例句探源8Rather than_in the city，the old man would prefer_in the countryside.Astay；living Bto stay；to liveCstay；to live Dto stay；living来源:Z+xx+k.Com解析：选C。prefer to do.rather than do.rather than do.prefer to do.意为“宁愿干而不愿干”。9.supportvt. & vi. & n支持；支撑；赡养，供养(回归课本P12)His idea to organise a big pa
21、rty has won support from his friends.他要组织一次派对的想法得到了朋友的支持。归纳拓展in support of支持；赞成；拥护support oneself自立更生support ones family养家support ones suggestion赞同某人的建议(朗文P2327)I have a wife and two children to support.我要养活妻子和两个孩子。(牛津P2030)Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。(2010年高考浙江卷
22、)The majority of people in the town strongly support the plan to build a playground for children.这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。例句探源9(2011年株洲模拟)People in these countries demand equal treatment for all，_race，religion or sex.Ain defence of Bregardless ofCinstead of Din support of解析：选B。考查介词短语搭配。句意：这些国家的人们要求人人
23、有平等待遇，不分种族、宗教和性别。in defence of防卫；regardless of不管，不顾；instead of代替；in support of支持。10翻译句子The atmosphere of Mars could not support life._答案：生命无法在火星的大气环境下生存。10 .designn.设计；图案vt. 设计(回归课本P13)Activity：English website design活动：英语网站设计归纳拓展(2010年高考天津卷)Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Roya
24、l Collection，including books，postcards，china，jewellery，and childrens toys.商店提供各种各样的专为皇室收藏设计的纪念品，包括书籍、卡片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。例句探源The experiment is designed to test the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。(牛津P540)It happenedwhether by accident or designthat the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.碰巧不知是偶然
25、还是故意安排其他人走后，只剩下了他们两个人。11完成句子他为公司设计了一个新图标。He _ a new logo _ the company.答案：designed；for11 .otherwiseadv.& conj.否则；另外，在其他方面(回归课本P14)I need to do that because I dont get enough exercise otherwise.我需要那样做是因为否则的话我就得不到足够的锻炼。归纳拓展if not/or else(otherwise)否则，不然and otherwise等等；及其他or otherwise或相反(2010年高考山东卷)Up
26、to now，the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.截止到现在，这个项目已经拯救了成千上万个本来会死去的孩子的生命。来源:学科网ZXXK(朗文P1619)Youll have to go now，otherwise youll miss your bus.你现在得走了，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。(牛津P1411)It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements.有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假
27、性。例句探源12We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，_we would have given you a hand.AbutBsoCotherwise Dand解析：选C。句意：我们不知道你当时有麻烦，不然我们会帮助你的。otherwise后面的句子是虚拟语气句。13Progress so far has been very good._，we are sure that the project will be completed on time.AHowever BOtherwiseCTherefore DBesides解析：选C。句
28、意：因为到目前为止进展很顺利，因此我们确信工程将按时完成。根据句意可知，这句话前后有因果关系，故选C。however然而；otherwise否则，要不然；besides除之外(还)。12 .distancen距离(回归课本P15)Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.现在我通过远程培训正在学习汉语。来源:学科网归纳拓展at/from a distance of在/从远的地方in the distance在远处keep a distance away(from)(与某人或某物)保持一定距离；(对某人或某物)冷淡，疏远(朗文P63
29、1)A shark can smell blood at a distance of half a kilometer.鲨鱼能在半公里外闻到血腥味。The lion looks dangerous，so I decide to keep a distance away from it.狮子看起来很危险，所以我决定离它远点儿。(牛津P579)We saw lights in the distance.我们看到了远处的点点灯光。例句探源14完成句子有人告诫她说，如果不想受到伤害就与查尔斯离得远一点。She was warned to _ _ _ _ Charles if she didnt wan
30、t to get hurt.答案：keep her distance from13 .go off爆炸；发出响声；停止运转；离开(回归课本P9)I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.我通常在闹钟响之前五分钟的时候就醒了。(1)结合下面句子，体会go off的不同含义：(牛津P872)She went off to get a drink.(离开)(牛津P872)The bomb went off in a crowded street.(爆炸)Lights will go off if no o
31、ne is in the room.(水、电等关掉，灯熄灭)归纳拓展Though the doctor did all he could，the old man went off this morning.(去世)(朗文P967)The thieves ran away when the alarm clock went off.(响起)(2)有关go的短语go against违反；反对go ahead开始；进行；前进go along进行，进展go after追求；追逐，设法获得go round到处走走；(疾病/谣言)流传go for设法得到；支持；偏爱go in for从事，喜欢，参加(考试
32、)go out(灯火)熄灭；过时；出去go into调查，了解，研究go through通过；仔细检查；经历；浏览go without没有而勉强应付；没有也行(朗文P966)I go in for all the competitions.我什么比赛都参加。(牛津P873)There wasnt time for breakfast，so I had to go without.没有时间吃早饭，我也只好不吃了。例句探源15(2010年高考课标全国卷)Was he sorry for what hed done?_.ANo wonder BWell doneCNot really DGo ahe
33、ad解析：选C。句意：他对自己的行为感到抱歉吗？并不真是那样。no wonder难怪；well done干得好，表现不错；not really不全是，并不是真的；go ahead用吧。由句意可知C项正确。16介、副词填空(1)I always start the day by going _ my email.来源:Zxxk.Com答案：through(2)Years of work went _ researching the book.答案：into(3)He would not go _ his parents wishes.答案：against14 .get changed换衣服(回归
34、课本P9)It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus.来源:学_科_网我花了不到十五分钟的时间去洗刷，换衣服，吃早饭，离家然后登上公共汽车。归纳拓展get可以起到be的作用，构成被动结构。get/be killed被杀get/be dressed穿上衣服(朗文P841)You might get hurt if you stand there.你站在那里可能会伤到自己的。(牛津P852)They plan to get married i
35、n the summer.他们打算夏天结婚。例句探源17完成句子(1)Mind the camera doesnt _ _.(弄坏)答案：get broken(2)I know I would _ _ _(挨骂/嚷)if I was late home.答案：get shouted at15 .take up占据；从事；拿起(武器等)；继续(回归课本P9)Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K会议和电话占据了一天中的大部分时间。take off脱掉；起飞；动身take on雇用；承担(工作
36、、责任)；呈现take out拿出；取得；获得take in欺骗；收容(某人)；包含，包括；改小(衣服)take over继承，接收；接管(工作)take away拿走；带走；夺去take back收回，退货take sb.back(to)使回想起归纳拓展(2010年高考福建卷)Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity.只有游泳技术娴熟的学生才能参加这次活动。OK，Ill take back what I said.好吧，我收回我说的话。Richard will take over as the president
37、of the company.理查德将接任公司总经理职位。(朗文P2359)Roger took painting up for a while，but soon lost interest.罗杰有段时间对绘画产生了兴趣，但很快又失去了兴趣。例句探源18(2010年高考四川卷)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man_and left.Atook upBgot upCshut up Dset up解析：选B。句意：珍妮正在找座位，这时，很幸运的是有个人起身离开了。本题考查动词短语辨析。take up从事，占据；get up起床，起身；shu
38、t up关闭，闭嘴；set up建立，搭起。16 .come up with追上，赶上；想出；找到(后面需跟宾语)(回归课本P18)To solve this problem，the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five oclock.为了解决这个问题，公爵夫人想出了个好办法：在下午四点到五点之间，邀请一些朋友到她那里吃下午餐。come across偶然碰见；无意中找到come out出来；出现；(
39、芽)生出来，(花)开；出版come up走近；上(楼)来；(从土中)长出，发芽；被提出come about发生，产生come off脱落，从离开come back(to sb.)被记起，被想起(主语是物归纳拓展(2010年高考浙江卷)So I came up with a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help.所以我想出了一个计划并且从我的公司里召集了四十个人去帮忙。(朗文P414)How did this situation come about?这种情况是怎么发生的？I came across an old diary
40、 in her desk.我在她的书桌里发现一本旧日记本。例句探源19完成句子(1)No doubt the truth will _(被人所知)one day.答案：come out(2)The subject of salaries didnt _(被提到)答案：come up句型梳理1【教材原句】I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.(P4)我总是随身携带手提电视，坐在石墙上看，而小狗则在我身边绕圈。【句法分析】本句中while表对照，意
41、为“然而，而”。while作连词的用法：(1)表让步，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although或though。While I admit that the problems are difficult，I dont agree that they cannot be solved.虽然我承认这些问题很难，但是我并不同意无法解决它们。(2)表时间，意为“当的时候”，要求从句的谓语动词是延续性动词。来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|KHe fell asleep while he was doing his homework.他做功课时睡着了。(3)表条件，意为“只要”，相当于as/so long a
42、s，通常只引起肯定句。While there is water，there is life.只要有水的地方就有生命。(4)表对照，意为“而，然而”。Some are rich，while others are poor.有的人很有钱，而有的人却很穷。20结合下列句子，翻译出画线部分while的不同含义(1)While never a big eater，he did snack a lot.()答案：尽管(2)Schools in the north tend to be better equipped，while those in the south are poor.()答案：然而(3)W
43、hile walking his dog in the street，he came across several old friends.()答案：当时候21(2010年高考大纲全国卷)Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.Aso that BalthoughCwhile Das if解析：选C。句意：当客人们快要吃完饭的时候玛丽煮了咖啡。so that引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句；although引导让步状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选while，意为“当的时候”。2【教材原句】I
44、 am always the_first_person_to_get to the office.(P9)我总是第一个到达办公室的人。【句法分析】be the first person to do sth.第一个做某事的人。其中to do sth.为不定式作定语。类似的用法还有be the second./next/last(n.)to do sth.第二个/下一个/最后一个做某事(的人)。The next to award the prize was the Olympic Organising Committee Chairman Liu Qi.下一个要颁奖的是奥组委主席刘琪。He is
45、the third athlete to come to the finishing line.他是第三个到达终点线的运动员。22翻译句子他是第一个到达月球的人。_答案：He was the first person to arrive at the moon.3【教材原句】We dont have the_same work hours that office workers in the city have.(P15)我们的工作时间与在城里的办公室职员的工作时间不一样。【教材原句】Hes on the_same course as me！(P16)他和我学习同样的课程！【句法分析】(1)t
46、he same.that和一样的(2)the same. as和一样的“the same. as”句型中的as通常是关系代词、介词，用作关系代词时，引导定语从句，as在从句中可以充当主语、表语或宾语。在这种从句中，为避免重复，前面出现的部分在后面总是被省略掉。the same.as强调相似。the same. that“和一样的”，表示的是同一事物。This is the same skirt that she was wearing a year ago.这就是她一年前穿的那条裙子。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器和我昨
47、天用的那台一样。在such. that.中，that引导的是结果状语从句，that是连词，不充当句子成分。He is such a good teacher that we all love him.他是这么好的一个老师，以至于我们都喜欢他。归纳拓展23I am_opinion_you.Awith the same；as Bof the same；asCwith the same；like Dof the same；like解析：选B。本句的意思是“我与你的想法一样”。介词of在此表示特点、性质。作文指导如何写好简单句优化句式是指在写作过程中要注意句式的变化，避免平铺直叙，罗列事实。真正优秀的
48、文章应做到长短句搭配合理，主、被动准确运用，适当穿插倒装、强调、比较等特殊句式，并能够恰当使用连接成分以确保各句之间紧密衔接，从而使文章错落有致，如高山流水般顺畅。简单句指的是只包括一个主语和一个谓语的句子。英语中简单句的基本结构主要有以下5种：1主语不及物动词(SV)The door bell rang./She sat down.2主语系动词表语(SVP)The flowers are(smell)sweet./Mother isnt in at the moment.3主语及物动词宾语(SVO)Who can answer this question？/Columbus discover
49、ed America.4主语动词间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)My uncle gave me a camera./Ill give you something to eat.5主语及物动词宾语补语(SVOC)She painted the walls light green./I smelt something burning.以上5种基本结构是英语句子的“主干”结构，所有的句子，不管多么复杂，都是主干结构的扩展和延伸。反过来说，不管你组建什么样的句子，你必须从“主干”开始构建，也就是必须严格遵循语法规则，这是英语作为一种“形合语言”的最基本要求。【佳句选粹】I now declare my decision.I，who_am_a_senior_of_the_English_department，now declare my decision that_I_will_run_for_the_chairman_of_the_Students_Union.【分析】第句的基本结构是“主语谓语宾语”。为了让读者了解更多的信息，第句在第句“主干”结构的基础上增加了一些“枝叶”成分。主语“I”后增加了一个who引导的非限制性定语从句，宾语“my decision”后增加了一个同位语从句，这样，该句就在原有的基础上扩充了“我是谁？”和“我的决定是什么？”两方面的信息