1、高二英语期末考试模拟试题（全国新卷）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共 15小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASchaumburg District 54, a school district in Schaumburg, Illino, has implemented a happiness curriculum.A key component of the curriculum is gratitude, where students develop four habits that take up j
2、ust 21 minutes each day through exercises and learn to be thankful for not what they may want, but what makes them happy right now. And the four happiness habits are listed.Two minutes of emailingWrite a two-minute maximum email each day praising or thanking a different person in your life. Not only
3、do you often receive positive emails back, but this habit significantly increases your social connection, which is the greatest predictor of long-term happiness and is also as predictive of how long you will live as obesity or high blood pressure.Fifteen minutes of movementFifteen minutes of movemen
4、t each day can be the equal of taking an antidepressant, and acts as a gateway drug because people who do this start adding on entire groups of positive habits.Two minutes of meditation(冥想)Two minutes of meditation-simply watching your breath go in and out -improves accuracy on tasks by 10 percent,
5、significantly reduces stress, improves sleep and raises engagement scores.Two minutes of journalTwo minutes of journal about a positive, meaningful experience each day can significantly decrease pain symptoms and stress and increase the amount of meaning you feel in your life. Simply think of one me
6、aningful event that happened over the past 24 hours and then on a sheet of paper, write down some details you can remember, which is called “Doubler”. Your brain struggles to tell the difference between visualization and actual experience, so you are doubling a meaningful event each day.121. What do
7、es the new curriculum focus on?A. Being grateful. B. Being energetic. C. Physical health. D. Interpersonal relationship.22. Which habit promote you to develop good habits?A. Two minutes of journal. B. Two minutes of emailing.C. Two minutes of meditation. D. Fifteen minutes of movement.23. What is th
8、e benefit of keeping a diary?A. Improving sleep.C. Gaining insight into life.B. Boosting optimism.D. Increasing social connection.BIf you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a lesson in sorting garbage, as the city recently introducednew garbage-sorting regulations. Its now required that people
9、 should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting
10、 systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported Peoples Daily.According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry ofEcology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is
11、 important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.According to Xinhua News Agency, its partly because many people lack the willingness to
12、 sort their ownwaste, In the past. Some previous garbage regulations didnt give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage. Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting. Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added the importance of the
13、 new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan,waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time fo
14、r disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic2and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.24. W
15、hat can we learn from paragraph 1?A. All the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.B. Shanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.C. Poisonous waste belongs to four categories in sorting.D. People will be fined not less than 200 yuan.25. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. N
16、ot all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.B. Garbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.C. People may be put in prison because of littering in Germany.D. People arent fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.26. What can be inferred from Liu Jianguos words?A. The so
17、rting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.B. He thinks highly of the legal regulations in garbage sorting.C. There is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.D. Legal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.27. Which of the following can be the best title for the te
18、xt?A. Regulations Are of Great Importance B. Shanghai Puts Garbage-sorting Into PracticeC. Cities Get Serious About Waste D. Garbage Is Hard to Recycle AppropriatelyCWe use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been tra
19、ined to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robotnamed Pepper, with software that models human cognitive processes, which allowed Pep
20、per to search for. relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text-to speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, “With3inner speech, we can better understand what the robot wants to
21、 do and what its plan is,” says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette(礼仪) rules they had programmedinto the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Peppers ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin
22、 on a fork with its inner speech coabled, Pepper asked itself what theetiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correet action. When told it was, Pepper said “OK, I prefer to fo
23、llow your desire,” and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules,so it didnt perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, th
24、is type of programming could helpthe public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at the University of Chicago. “It maintains peoples trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots,” she says.However, this experiment only used a single human participan
25、t, says Sebo. “Its unclear how their approachwould compare across a wide range of human participants,” she says.28. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic. B. To provide background information.C. To give an example. D. To arouse readers
26、 interest.29. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task. B. It obeyed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision. D. It communicated with the researchers.30. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative
27、 but worthless in daily life.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?B. It was a meaningful try but the result was a failure.D. It was perfectly designed but poorly performed.A. Robot Taught To Be Polite To Humans as ProgrammedB. Robo
28、t Able To Explain Its Decision-making ProcessC. Robot Making Decisions Faces Great Challenges4D. Robot-Human Communication: Soon to Be RealizedDOn a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellana huge housecat. However, when th
29、e cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume thatsbecause cougar populations are growing, or because the
30、big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.Wielguss research teams have been fitting the big cats with
31、 radio collars and monitoring their movements.They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted areaeven though the de
32、nsity of cougars is about the same in both areas.Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations incheck, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds tw
33、o more groups of cougars to the tracking programone in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wipes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals.With these findi
34、ngs, Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens aremore likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.Wielguss ideas dont sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flowin, but I dont yet see solid proof tha
35、t they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montanas Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for
36、all the interaction you see. Were moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerousthings, Wielgus says, but we know that t
37、he world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.532. The passage begins with a story to _.A. lead into the topic B. describe an incidentC. show the authors attitude D. warn of the dangers of cougars33. The underline word “culprit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to _.A. effect B. e
38、vidence C. cause D. target34. Which of the following is true?A. Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens.B. Robinson doubts whether age is a key factor in human-cougar conflicts.C. Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.D. Robinson holds humans are t
39、o blame for the fall of older males.35. What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks?A. Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat.B. Getting people to move out of the areas where cougars are.C. Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.D. Changing hunting policie
40、s to ensure a healthy cougar population.第二节 （共 5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PollutionPollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物 质). Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in la
41、rge cities with a lot of industries andcars. 36Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may releaseharmful gases. Air pollution may cause
42、such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that canharm living things 37 Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is importantbecause it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty
43、water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals6may make the groundwater unfit to drink. 38Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants
44、and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. Thechemicals may come from farms or factories. 39 They may even harm people who eat the pollutedplants and animals.Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollu
45、tion.Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment 40Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.A. Farmers use chemical to help
46、crops grow.B. This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.C. They also can harm fish and other forms of life.D. These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.E. In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.F. There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.G. Som
47、e companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共 15小题；每小题 1分，满分 15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Branson was born in London in 1950. He dropped out of school at the age of 16 and started a magazine called Student, but the magazine never made money.The
48、n Branson began 41 his next idea: selling mail order albums at discounted price. It rapidlybecame a more 42 business than the magazine itself. Virgin was then 43 . It was named “Virgin”because none of the 44 had been in business before.In 1973, Mike Oldfield, the first Virgin artist 45 an album call
49、ed Tubular Bells that became aninternational success. Since then, many household names, 46 Phil Collins and the Rolling Stones, havehelped to make Virgin Music one of the top record companies in the world.7Over the next six years, Branson started over fifty different companies encompassing (涵括) ever
50、ythingfrom filmmaking to air conditioner cleaning. Though he was making a really huge fortune, Branson 47that money is not the motivation behind his 48 in so many businesses. Rather, he enjoys 49 todo something more effectively than those who have tried before him.In 1984, Branson started Virgin Atl
51、antic Airlines. Branson 50 discouraging comments that toldhim he could never 51 with British Airways and carried on with his vision. Surprisingly, Virgin wasimmediately 52 for its service and luxury(奢华).Branson has had the name of Virgin 53 to more than 200 different companies. He is known forunusua
52、l business practices (no central headquarters, no board meeting, and he cant even 54 acomputer), his showy publicity stunts(惊人的行为) (like driving a tank into Times Square), and his adventurous exploits(he was the first person to cross the Atlantic in a hot air balloon).Branson keeps 55 of the future.
53、 In discussing the prospect of starting a shuttle service into space,Branson has said, “Why not? Its virgin territory. ”41. A. finishing B. abandoning C. discussing D. marketing42. A. expensive B. complicated C. profitable D. beneficial43. A. produced B. built C. founded D. set out44. A. staff B. em
54、ployers C. albums D. workers45. A. managed B. collected C. released D. freed46. A. with B. including C. specially D. despite47. A. points B. demands C. warns D. emphasizes48. A. involvement B. expectation C. investigation D. absorption49. A. failing B. intending C. experimenting D. attempting50. A.
55、ignored B. admitted C. invited D. criticized51. A. conquer B. compete C. win D. defeat52. A. purchased B. recognized C. complimented D. forgotten53. A. fixed B. removed C. accessed D. painted54. A. understand B. operate C. assemble D. cooperate55. A. dreaming B. complaining C. planning D. boasting8第
56、二节 （共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Emerging evidence in humans suggests a 56 (typical) Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food dietcan quickly weaken your brains appetite control.After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods
57、,researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a 57(great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain 58supports memory and helps to regulate a
58、ppetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten downour memories of delicious food, thereby 59 (reduce) our appetite. When its interrupted, 60control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on 61 (mouse) has found thefunction of the hippocampus is very sensitive
59、 to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans.In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of 62 (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes,researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent63 the hippocampus.No
60、w, in this latest study the scientists of the team 64 (find) that not only do such high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability 65 (control) ourappetite.第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （满分 15分）假定你是李华，你校英语广播电台将对播出时段、时长、栏目等做调整，正在向听众征求意见。请你写封邮件，内容包括：1. 你的建议；2
61、. 你的理由。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请在答题卡的规定位置作答。9第二节 （满分 25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One fall evening, 13-year-old Briar Omar agreed to look after his four younger sisters when his parents went to the grocery store to pick up the family dinner. The parents were confident that responsible big br
62、other Briar with their protective dog called Mandy, was capable of managing the family in their absence. During that brief time, an unexpected thing happened: The home suddenly went up in flames. It was up to Briar and Mandy to save his family.The children smelled smoke soon after their parents left
63、 for the store. They turned around to search forwhere the fire came from and were shocked and frightened to find their baby sisters playpen(玩耍护栏) on fire. The first thought that came to Briars mind was to rescue his little sisters. The family had previouslydiscussed what to do in the face of danger,
64、 so he was prepared to act.In a few minutes, flames were climbing the ceiling. Smoke was filling up the hallways. The horrible fire quickly spread throughout the home.Briar remained calm and focused on the urgent task of saving his four younger sisters: Peyton, 12, Jocelyn,3, Willow, 1, and 6-month-
65、old baby Sawyer. He quickly picked up the two babies and rushed the older sisters out of the door to safety. After making sure his sisters were far away from the danger and breathing in fresh air, he ran back to save their home despite the flames surrounding him.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作
66、答。He quickly held the fire extinguisher(灭火器) from the kitchen and tried to put out the flames.Briar cheered up immediately and managed to escape from the fire to safety with the dog following the way.10参考答案2125 ADCBA 2630 BCADC 3135 BACBD3640 FECDG4145 DCCAC 4650 BDADA 5155 BBABA56. typically 57. greater 58. that/which 59. reducing 60. the61. mice 62. toasted 63. on 64. has found 65. to control作文、读后续写略
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