1、课时练12篇阅读1篇完形.阅读理解A(2020合肥高三调研)Rich as a KingWilliam， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get_by?History
2、 books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldnt buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think
3、Id be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howards new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.There is
4、really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. Youd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by tod
5、ays standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers fancy counter tops and m
6、y own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.【解题导语】本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。1What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?ASucceed as a king.BDeal with complaints.CLive in a satisfactory way.DGet some extra mo
7、ney.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。2How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?A3.B4.C5. D6.B解析：细节理解题。
8、根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。3According to the passage, the author intends to _Atell us to be content with lifeBwarn us to live in a simple wayCteach us to learn lessons from lifeDencourage us to struggle for wealthA解析：写作意图题。根据文章的标题Ric
9、h as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。4Whats the authors attitude towards life?ADoubtful. BOptimistic.CUncaring. DCautious.B解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。B(2020滁州高三质检)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we ev
10、olved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses be
11、fore. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin.
12、Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal wi
13、th the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expa
14、nded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited
15、to social life. Bigger isnt necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest
16、 that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非
17、越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving
18、 force.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.DIt doesnt find brain size is connected with problems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot te
19、ll whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。7Why dont many animals have large brains?AThey dont learn from each other.BThey dont face hard eco
20、logical problems.CThey dont need to cooperate with each other.DThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow.D解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，
21、只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.CEcological challenges increase brain size.DIts unclear whether human brains will
22、 expand further.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。.完形填空(2020合肥第一次质检)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University
23、on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenbergs _1_ changed. One day his vision “_2_ up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenbergs eyes. _3_， the surgery didnt work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so _4_ that he refused to see anyone.As
24、Greenbergs best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and _5_ to be his “reader”. Arthur read _6_ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg _7_ scoring straight As. Still, he was _8_ about getting alone and relied on his friend.Then, one after
25、noon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldnt _9_ him because of an appointment. Greenberg _10_. They argued, and Arthur walked off, _11_ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal. Greenberg, who was completely _12_， stumbled(蹒跚而行
26、) through the rushhour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he _13_ at the Columbia University stop.At the gate of the university, someone _14_ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir.” Greenberg _15_ the voice. It was Arthurs. Greenbergs
27、 first reaction was _16_， but in the next second, he realized what he had just _17_ and realized, too, who had made it possible. _18_， Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most _19_ strategies.Blindness doesnt make Greenberg fail to appreciate the _20_ of life. He always says he
28、is the luckiest man in the world.【解题导语】Greenberg是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友Arthur的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美好。1A.faithBattitudeCfortune DreputationC解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处
29、表示Greenberg的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为C。2A.lit BsteamedCcleared DcheeredB解析：根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为B。3A.Otherwise BMoreoverCTherefore DHoweverD解析：根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenbergs eyes.”和空后的“the surgery didnt work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However “但是，然
30、而”符合语境。故正确答案为D。otherwise“否则”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore “因此，所以”。4A.shy BdesperateCselfish DnervousB解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind.”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为B。5A.offered BpretendedChappened DlearnedA解析：根据下文中的“Arthur read _ to him every day, taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur说
31、服Greenberg回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offered)成为他的“阅读器”。故正确答案为A。6A.letters BnewspapersCtextbooks DmagazinesC解析：根据下文中的“Greenberg _ scoring straight As”并结合语境可推知，Arthur应该是给Greenberg读课本(textbooks)。故正确答案为C。7A.ended up Bcarried onCimagined DconsideredA解析：根据语境可知，在Arthur的帮助下，Greenberg最终取得了全优的成绩。end up “最后处于” 符合语境。故正确答案为
32、A。8A.curious BconfidentCexcited DtentativeD解析：根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。tentative “犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为D。9A.abandon BrescueCcomfort DaccompanyD解析：根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany)他。故正确答案为D。abandon “抛弃，丢弃”；rescue “营救”；comfort “安慰”。10A.compromised Bpa
33、nickedCexplained DapologizedB解析：根据语境可知，Greenberg还没有做好独处的准备，当Arthur无法陪同他时，他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为B。compromise “妥协”；explain “解释”；apologize “道歉”。11A.leaving BfindingCconsulting DservingA解析：根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg独自留在(leaving)纽约中央车站。故正确答案为A。12A.tired BamusedCconfused DsatisfiedC解析：根据语境并结合选项可知
34、，对Arthur将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused “困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为C。13A.got off Bpulled overClooked around Dran awayA解析：根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。故正确答案为A。14A.turned to Bshouted atCknocked into Dquarreled withC解析：根据下文中的“Oops, excuse me, sir.”可推知，有人撞到了(knocked into)Greenberg。故正确答
35、案为C。15A.raised BlostCcontrolled DrecognizedD解析：根据下文“It was Arthurs.”可知，Greenberg认出了(recognized)Arthur的声音。故正确答案为D。16A.anger BpleasureCrelief DsorrowA解析：根据语境可知，Arthur之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为A。17A.missed BquestionedCignored DachievedD解析：根据空后的“and realized, too, who had made it p
36、ossible”可知，Greenberg意识到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为D。18A.Gradually BFinallyCObviously DStrangelyC解析：根据空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most _ strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为C。19A.brilliant BfamiliarCdefensive Dc
37、omplexA解析：参见上题解析。familiar “熟悉的”； defensive “防御的”；complex “复杂的”。20A.magic BbeautyCwisdom DtruthB解析：根据全文以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为B。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空.阅读理解A(2020平顶山名校模拟)When I was three years old, I couldnt speak. It was a stra
38、nge reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.One day, I was shadowing(尾随) my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouths movements until I formed a word.It t
39、urned out that Im deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but Ive never lived in a state of selfhating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. Thats my real
40、ity when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole fil
41、m as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.Owning a hearing aid hasnt always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show and tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “Arent those for old men？”
42、At that moment, I felt different. It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.But its not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hardofhearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of
43、 deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.And with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for
44、granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsIm lucky. Im deaf, but I can still hear everything. Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, Im even superhuman.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。1How does the author v
45、iew his hearing difficulty?AIts a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.BIt gave him a chance to experience something special.CIt made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.DIt helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.B解析：推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“Thats my reality w
46、hen I sleep on my good ear， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知，听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”呼应，故选B。2What can be inferred from the passage about the author?AHe was born deaf.BHe is optimistic and helpful.CHis family an
47、d classmates have supported him a lot.DThe hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my bad ear， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont.”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利，故选D。3What is t
48、he authors attitude towards his life?AGrateful.BAnxious.CExcited. DDisappointed.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsIm lucky.” 和第四句“Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情，故选A。4What is the authors main
49、 purpose in writing the passage?ATo give advice on life to disabled people.BTo show how difficult life is for disabled people.CTo share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.DTo show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.C解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听力障碍的励志故事，故选C。B(2020
50、信阳高三调研)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. But in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably
51、 not. Why is that?According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.In order
52、to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment. In the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizonta
53、lly(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didnt match, the area in our brain which is respon
54、sible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even whe
55、n we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily. He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。5We dont miss anything when blinking because our brain can _Adeal with the missing imageBre
56、member all that we seeCimagine what our eyes missDput our pieces of memory togetherA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.” 可知，根据九月份发表在当代生物学杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂
57、时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。6What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AOur brain.BVisual information.CCurrent Biology. DThe temporary darkness.B解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image
58、without interruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B项正确。7What do we know about the experiment?AThe two patterns appear at the same time.BVisual memory can be more activated by similarity.CParticipants can interpret patterns differently.DThe different direct
59、ions activated visual memory.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didnt match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域则被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，这个
60、区域则显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确。8What would be the best title for this passage?AThe Brains StructureBThe Brains Activated PatternsCThe Brains Special SkillDThe Brains OrientationC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明，眨眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。.七选五(2020重庆质量抽测
61、)Ways to Get Your Kids into NatureBeing in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your childrens lives, even if you live in the city.Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parents excitement can be spread to the children, and when
62、you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1._. “I dont know! Lets find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.2_. If you have to carpool(拼车) in t
63、he morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. T
64、ime in nature is an essential investment in your childrens health and wellbeing. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. 3._， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.Look at the stars. Visit your local observator
65、y, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. 4._Plant a small garden. 5._. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach you
66、r children about food and the wonder of growth.ALimit electronic devices while drivingBEncourage questions you dont know the answers toCIf you want to raise your healthy and wellbalanced childrenDIf you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetablesEIt will teach teamwork, pride in the co
67、mmunity, and family togethernessFIf your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the communityGAllow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。1B解析：根据下文中的“I dont know! Lets find out together. is a wonderful way to get the ba
68、ll rolling.”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起孩子的好奇心，故选B项。2A解析：根据空后一句“If you have to carpool (拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.”可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。3C解析：承接上文“Time in nature is an essenti
69、al investment in your childrens health and wellbeing.”和空后的“nurturing creativity.as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。4G解析：根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深孩子对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。5D解析：承接上文“Plant a small garden.”，并与下文
70、“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种些蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。.语法填空(2020合肥重点高中摸底)I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole
71、 class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1._(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2._(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3._ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4._(lie) in my oral presentation from
72、my memoryfor it 5._(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6._(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7._ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8._
73、seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applaudingI made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9._(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10._(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Ov
74、ercome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。1terribly解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词terribly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。2to prepare解析：考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。3which解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代“to draft the speech”，
75、故填which。4lay解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。5was forbidden解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。6trembling解析：考查with复合结构。“with宾语(名词或代词)宾补”为独立主格结构。此处my legs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。7myself解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“found myself back”，故填反身代词myself。8what解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。9confidence解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，故填confidence。10greatest解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词difficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。
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