1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1interval n间隔；间歇2mineral n. 矿物3swap vi. 交换4supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的5doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的6privileged adj. 荣幸的7ample adj. 充足的，充裕的8scan n. 扫描9storage n. 储存10pause n. 停顿；暂停11statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字12symptom n. 症状13parallel n. 极相似之处；平行线14temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的15teamwork n. 协作
2、；配合16firm n. 商行，公司.核心词汇写其形1seek vt. 寻找2compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的3controversial adj. 有争议的4treat vt. 款待5postpone vt. 推迟，延期6unite vt. 联合；团结；统一7routine n. 常规；惯例8foresee vt. 预见9underline vt. 表明重要性；强调10faith n. 信心11decline vi. 下降12deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期13extension n. 延期14circumstance n. 情形；情况15abuse vt. 滥用1
3、6vote vi. 表决.拓展词汇通其变1circulate vi.循环circulation n循环2digest vt.消化digestion n消化3tolerate vt.容忍toleration n容忍；忍受tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的tolerance n宽容；容忍4fundamental adj.根本的；基础的fundamentally adv.根本上；基本上5annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的annually adv.一年一度地6oppose vt.反对opposition n反对；反抗opposed adj.反对的；相对的opposite adj.对
4、面的；相反的7contradict vt.(与其他事物)相矛盾contradictory adj.相矛盾的8violate vt.违反，违背violation n违背；违犯；违反9rebuild vt.重建build v建造10prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n禁止prohibitive adj.限制性的11rob vt.使丧失；抢劫robbery n抢劫12equip vt.使有准备equipment n装备；装备品13fortune n大笔钱财，巨款fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地14su
5、bmit vt.提交submission n提交；呈递15concern n担心；担忧concerned adj.担心的concerning prep.关于1.“公司”有几家firm n商行，公司company n. 公司corporation n. 公司；法人(团体)syndicate n. 企业联合incorporation n. 法人；公司；社团2.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词conditionstatesituationcircumstancestatus3.annual相关形容词全扫描minutely每分钟的hourly 每小时的daily 每日的weekly 每周的monthly 每
6、月的(二)重点短语记牢用活1in_vain徒劳，白费力气2at_random 随便地，随意地3at_all_costs 不管多大代价， 无论如何4straight_away 立刻，马上5wipe_out 毁掉；彻底毁灭6stop_sth.in_its_tracks 终止；消灭7rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8at_any_rate 无论如何；至少9get_down_to 开始做10bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐11get_through 通过(考试)；完成12clear_up 整理；解释；澄清13put_off 推迟；延期14miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会15focus
7、_on 聚焦；集中；对准 1.“atn.”短语全扫描at liberty获得自由的at ease 安逸；自在at present 目前，现在at random 随便地，任意地at fault 有责任；有错误2.“开始做某事”短语大团圆get down to (doing) sth.settle down to sth.set about doing sth.set out to do sth.start/begin to do/doing sth.3.“v.off”短语速记show off 炫耀，卖弄pay off 还清take off 起飞；脱掉put off 推迟give off 发出(光
8、、热、气味等)(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：if引导状语从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的假设Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_broken world records if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.如果许多当代业余运动员参加了第一届奥运会，他们可能就打破世界纪录了。句型2：have sth.done使某事被做In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to
9、do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变基因的运动员可能在8秒内跑完100米或不到两小时就能跑完马拉松。句型3：rather than是一个并列连词，表示“而不是”The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任
10、何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。句型4：sb./sth.be believed to.为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是”Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.因为在18个月内造成多达5 000万人死亡，且倾向于袭击年轻又健
11、康的人群，而非老年人，所以西班牙流感被认为是史上最严重的流行病。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1Life is a series of choices and we cant always foresee(预知) the consequences.2The police have put up posters around the city with photos of the man they are seeking(寻找)3She declined(谢绝) to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt fee
12、ling well.4He claimed to have been badly treated(款待) in the supermarket when he was doing the shopping yesterday. 5(2018北京卷)They tolerate(容忍，忍受) long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.6Fo
13、rtunately(fortune), the fire was discovered soon after it broke out.7(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment(equip), allowing more patients to be treated.8The man said that the library was temporarily(temporary) closed for repairs.9The new plan was strongly opposed(oppose)
14、by the people at the meeting.10China and the United States have reached an agreement to import 14 extra foreign films annually(annual).派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1The robbers robbed the old man of his bag and the police are looking into the robbery now.(rob)2There is a prohibitive tax on imports and in a way,
15、some people are prohibited from importing goods and everyone must obey the prohibition(prohibit)3His parents cant tolerate his bad habit.Luckily, his aunt is tolerant of his lifestyle and he is thankful for her tolerance(tolerate)4The villagers are continuing to oppose the budget and they are also o
16、pposed to the governments new plan, but the people in towns hold the opposite view.(oppose)5He went to America to make a fortune and he was fortunate enough to make much money.Unfortunately，his money was lost in a fire.(fortune).选词成篇straight away; cater to; get down to; at random; focus on; in despa
17、ir; bring up; be responsible for; stop it in its tracksSome schools 1.focus_on the number of the students admitted to key universities.In order to 2.cater_to the request of society, they 3.get_down_to adding lessons 4.at_randomAs a result, a lot of students think theyre 5.in_despair and tired of bei
18、ng 6.brought_up at school. Some parents think that the local government should 7.be_responsible_for it and should 8.stop_it_in_its_tracks 9.straight_awaywipe out; rob.of.; at any rate; in vain; prohibit.from.; at all costs; submit toThree robbers were believed to have 10.robbed a bank of a large for
19、tune yesterday. The government ordered that the police should find the robbers 11.at_any_rate. The police immediately blocked the main roads and 12.prohibited the suspects from escaping but 13.in_vain. The authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be 14.wiped_out 15.at_all_costs
20、. At present, the police are seeking the information about the case and urge the criminal to 16.submit_to the police.完成句子1如果你提前告诉我的话，我就能在机场遇到他了。If_you_had_told_me_in_advance，I would have met him at the airport.2昨天在公共汽车上史密斯先生的钱包被偷了。 Mr.Smith had_his_wallet_stolen on a bus yesterday.3应该为此事负责的是他而不是你。He
21、 rather_than you is responsible for the event.4人们认为这家报纸至少在过去10年中都没有盈利。The newspaper is_believed_to_have_been unprofitable for at least the past decade. toleratevt.容忍；忍受基础练习单句语法填空The government cant tolerate everyones destroying(destroy) cultural relics.Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a to
22、lerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance(tolerate)能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.(高级表达)When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with(
23、1)tolerate (sb./sb.s) doing sth.容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerance n 宽容；容忍；忍受tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的佳句背诵 In some experts opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。She could not tolerate her husband telling lies and cheating on her any longer.她再也不能容忍她丈夫对她说谎并对她不忠了。名师点津
24、 “忍受”的种种表达：tolerate, stand, bear, put up with。 seekv(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；企图；征求，请求基础练习单句语法填空a.(2018北京卷)More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking(seek) employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.b(天津卷)The book inspires confidence
25、 in students who wish_to_seek(seek) their own answers. (江苏卷)Scientists have been seeking to_understand(understand) the mystery of the “sixth sense” of direction.(2017江苏卷)On the Internet, people can seek for/after information about their favourite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well.能力提升完成句子M
26、any people crowded into big cities to seek_their_fortune(寻找致富的机会), but most of them failed.seek to do sth.试图/设法做某事seek after/for 追求；寻求seek out 挑选出；找出seek ones fortune 寻找致富的机会 佳句背诵 They managed to seek out a quiet place where they could sit down and admire the natural scenery.他们设法找到了一个可以坐下来欣赏自然风景的安静的
27、地方。词块助记seek sb.s advice征求某人的意见seek/go after fame and fortune 追逐名利seek jobs/work/employment 找工作；求职seek help/the truth/wealth寻求帮助/寻求真理/追求财富 opposevt.反对；对抗，抗争基础练习单句语法填空Many residents opposed the government building(build) a chemical factory near the school.The young parents opposed giving(give) up the
28、life of their little baby though there was little hope for her to survive.a.Opposed(oppose) to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.b._Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.(2019浙江卷6月)Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise t
29、o their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite(oppose) effect.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people opposed_it/were_opposed_to_it(反对它)(高级表达)With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal,_the government po
30、stponed it.(with复合结构)(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事oppose sb./sb.s doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 反对的，对抗的，敌对的be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对面的adv. 在对面prep. 在对面n. 对立面，对立的人或物 佳句背诵 To be frank, in common with Helen, I strongly oppose/am strongly opposed to the proposal.坦率地说，与海伦一样
31、，我坚决反对这个建议。名师点津 oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。在be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后要用动词的ing形式。 postponevt.推迟，延期能力提升完成句子/一句多译恶劣的天气迫使我们推迟了运动会。The bad weather forced us to postpone_our_sports_meeting我们获得更多信息后再做决定也不迟。Lets postpone_making_the_decision until we have more information.他们已经决定把婚礼推迟到下个月。They have decided
32、to_postpone their wedding until next month.They have decided to_put_off their wedding until next month.postpone doing sth.延缓做某事，推迟做某事postpone.until/to. 把推迟到 佳句背诵 It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。名师点津 表示“推迟，延期”的单词或短语还有： delay，put off。 prohibitvt.禁止，阻
33、止基础练习单句语法填空It is a rule prohibiting doctors from advertising(advertise) their services.The prohibition(prohibit) order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.Many firms prohibit smoking(smoke) in the office.(天津卷)Please note that any prohibited(prohibit) items will be taken away by the
34、 Office of Residence Life.能力提升完成句子当时是我的家庭经济状况不允许我上大学。It was my family finances that prohibited_me_from_going_to_college at the time. (1)prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事prohibit sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事prohibit sb.s doing sth. 禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n. 禁止 佳句背诵 The law prohibits tobacconists from sellin
35、g cigarettes to children.法律禁止烟草商向儿童出售香烟。名师点津 类似于prohibit sb.from doing sth.的表达法还有prevent sb.from doing sth./keep sb.from doing sth./stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；protect sb.from保护某人不受伤害等。 declinevi.下降；衰落；婉拒n下降；减少；衰退基础练习单句语法填空(2019江苏卷)More efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in
36、 the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.(山东卷)In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to_visit(visit) Oxford.a.(2019浙江卷6月)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California
37、 forests.bThe number of the students in our school has declined to 2，500 since three years ago. (1)be in decline处于下降、衰退中on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事decline by/to 下降了/到佳句背诵 I have no alternative but to decline your invitation, because I am occupied in preparing for my final
38、 exam.我只得谢绝你的邀请，因为我忙于准备期末考试。名师点津 表示增加或减少的幅度通常用介词by; 表示“增加到”或“减少到”则要用介词to。 equipvt.& vi.配备；装备基础练习单句语法填空It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak(speak)We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.If it were not the modern equipment(equip), such
39、 experiments would not be performed.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.(高级表达)Equipped_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)(高级表达)Equipping_himself_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_
40、he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)(1)equip.with. 用装备be equipped with 装备着equip.for sth./to do sth. 为了某事/做某事 而装备(2)equipment n. U装备；设备 佳句背诵 As our new stadium is equipped with advanced facilities, we have organized a variety of events in it.因为新体育馆装备先进的设施，我们已在体育场举办了各种各样的赛事。(2018全国卷)名师点津
41、 (1)过去分词短语equipped with.常用作状语。(2)牢记equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 fortunen运气；命运；财富基础练习单句语法填空I had the good fortune to_be_chosen(choose) for a trip abroad. a(北京卷)We are fortunate(fortune) that in such a large, highpressure office we all get along so well. b(2018全国卷)Fortunately(fortune), after a brief stay i
42、n hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.能力提升根据提示完成小片段In the 1980s, Tom went to the south to_try_his_fortune(碰运气)But he made_no_fortune(没有发财)It_was_fortunate(幸运的是) that he met with a boss who fed pigs. With his help, Tom made_his_fortune(发财) later
43、 by feeding pigs.(1)make a fortune发财seek ones fortune 寻找出路try ones fortune 碰运气(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的，运气好的be fortunate in doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地 名师点津fortune作“机会，运气”讲时，为不可数名词；作“财产”讲时，为可数名词。 votevi.表决；投票；选举n投票；票基础练习单句语法填空The committee voted to_ban(ban) alcohol from the concert.To
44、his disappointment, most of his colleagues voted against him.能力提升完成句子中国由于得到多数票而获得2022年冬奥会举办权。China won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games because_she_got_most_votes我认为这项计划很好，于是我投了赞成票。I thought the plan was very good, so I voted_for_it我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。I suggested putting_the_matter_to_a_vote
45、,_but the chairman demurred to it.(1)vote for/against投票赞成/反对vote to do sth. 表决做某事(2)put.to the/a vote 表决 佳句背诵 People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”人们不仅能在网上给自己投票，还可以督促别人为像是“最美教师”和“最可爱宝宝”这样的比赛
46、投票。(江苏卷) wipe out毁掉；彻底毁灭；全部摧毁能力提升完成句子他们要在2030年之前消除他们国家的饥饿问题。They want to wipe_out_hunger in their country by the year 2030.(浙江卷6月)妈妈温柔地擦去我的热泪，说：“你的篮子很特别，因为是你自己花钱买的。”Mom said, gently wiping_away my hot tears.“Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”这个男的起身，把桌子上的脏东西擦掉。The man stood up
47、and wiped_the_dirt_from the table.wipe sth.from/off.从擦去某物wipe away 除掉；清除掉 佳句背诵 Almost the whole town was wiped out by the earthquake; as a result, most people became homeless.几乎整个城镇都被地震给摧毁了。因此，大多数人无家可归。 at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；至少能力提升完成句子他们两人都同意我的意见，不管怎样，玛丽是同意的。They both agree with mewell, at_any_rate,_
48、Mary does.这些动物正在以每小时3只的速度死亡。The animals are dying at_a_rate_of three an hour.at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率； 以的价格 have sth. done 让某事被做；使遭遇不幸(教材P34)In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less
49、 than two hours.将来，改变基因的运动员可能在8秒内跑完100米或不到两小时就能跑完马拉松。基础练习单句语法填空a.Uncle Sam wont have my father and me returning(return) to the farm too late. bIt was cold, and she had the fire burning(burn) day and night.a.(2018全国卷)We students have various activities to_take(take) part in after class.bI am going to
50、 see my son next week. Do you have anything to_be_taken(take) to your son?能力提升句式升级(普通表达)You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. (2017全国卷)(高级表达)You should take the chance to have_your_knowledge_of_traditional_Chinese_culture_deepened(have宾语宾补)(1)have sth.do
51、ne使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事(3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) (4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做) have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做) 佳句背诵 If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message. 如果我不在时有人来访，让他/她留个口信。(福建卷)I need a new passpor
52、t so I will have to have my photograph taken.我需要一本新护照，所以我必须去照张相。(2018天津卷)名师点津 “have宾语宾补”结构中过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而无to不定式和现在分词与宾语为主动关系。 rather than而不是(教材P34)The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们
53、不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。基础练习单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing(focus) on Chinese traditions.Rather than discuss all of these questions at length, we prefer to_focus(focus) on the impact of the heavy snow.Mary, rather than you, is(
54、be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.能力提升完成句子我在星期五晚上很晚见到了他，更确切地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。I met him very late on Friday night, or_rather,_early Saturday morning. 除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？Does anybody other_than_yourself know this？rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其不如”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应
55、当一致。(1)宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(2)or rather更确切地说other than 除之外more than 很，非常；超过，不仅仅 名师点津 (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、形容词、副词、v.ing形式或不定式(rather than之后的并列不定式可省略to)；(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与它前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1(2017天津卷)Turning ones life into a waiting game requires faith(fai
56、thful) and hope，and is strictly for the optimists among us.2You could answer most of the questions now if you had_reviewed(review) the lessons last night.3(2018全国卷)Color is fundamental(fundamentally) in home designsomething youll always have in every room.4(2018北京卷)People who have personality traits
57、 that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance(tolerate) are much more likely to get angry.5Good shoes，clothes and a backpack are the basic equipment(equip) you need for your hiking.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1The disease robbed the girl of the chance to be a famous dancer.2Under no circumstances w
58、ill her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.3Many people spend years seeking after peace of mind, often with little success.4Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.5They spent a lot of money equipping the school with new computers.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)1She said under no circu
59、mstance would she give up her plan.circumstancecircumstances2What was it that made him postpone buy a new house for his parents? buybuying3I would go there on foot rather than to take a bus.删除to4At the meeting，most of us were opposed to carry out the plan.carrycarrying5He offered to buy some equipme
60、nts for the new school.equipmentsequipment维度四语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1Many citizens are opposed to pulling down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.反对2(江苏卷)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports
61、.寻找；寻求3(2017江苏卷)His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.配备；装备4The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to be made.运气5(
62、江苏卷)Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition.投票提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)It is reported that the building of a chemical factory 1.was_postponed(postpone), because the villagers living nearby 2.opposed(oppose) it. They prohibited the wo
63、rkers from 3.going(go) on their work, 4.because they couldnt tolerate the big noise. It was known to people 5.that the factory was responsible for it. They had the faith that unless 6.united(unite), their dream of living in peace will be wiped out. However, the factory didnt want to submit 7.to the
64、villagers. They were seeking good solutions to the matter at all 8.costs(cost). After all, 9.putting(put) off the construction will not be good for them. I believe the leader of the factory will 10.unconditionally(unconditional) agree to the terms with the efforts of the villagers teamwork.提能二话题写作(用
65、本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)流感正在我国广泛传播，我们学校正寻求有效措施，把这种疾病赶出校园。The flu is spreading widely among people in our country and our school is seeking_effective_measures_to_wipe_out_the_disease一些措施是强制性的。Some measures are compulsory在任何条件下我们都不能随意吃东西。We wont put some food in our mouths at_random_un
66、der_any_circumstances我们每个学生应该开始着手做些事情来消除这种疾病。Each of the students should get_down_to_the_work_to_rid_the_disease_of_our_school2升级平淡句用so引导结果状语从句升级句The_flu_is_spreading_widely_among_people_in_our_country,_so_our_school_is_seeking_effective_measures_to_wipe_out_the_disease.用部分倒装结构升级句Under_no_circumstan
67、ces_will_we_put_some_food_in_our_mouths_at_random.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：recently, and)_One possible version：Recently, the flu is spreading widely among people in our country, so our school is seeking effective measures to wipe out the disease. And some measures are compulsory. Under no circumstances
68、will we put some food in our mouths at random. Each of the students should get down to the work to rid the disease of our school.课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hoursabout 10 hours and 39 minutes a dayat our computers, smartphones, tablets and
69、televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While its true that light can damage
70、our eyes under certain circumstances, theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to
71、 the eye, but theres no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also prese
72、nt in LED light. But if blue light isnt harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when were looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isnt the cause. Instead, o
73、ur eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.【解题导语】该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。1What do we know about blue light?AIt is a kind of nuclear radiation.BIt has the shortest wavele
74、ngth.CIt may come from electronic devices.DIt consumes a great deal of energy.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。2What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?AEvidence of their benefits to eyes
75、.BBelief in blue lights harmful effect.CWidespread use of smart devices.DScientific understanding of blue light.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theres no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular.
76、”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。3What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?ABlue light exposure is hardly avoidable.BEye problems are not easy to deal with.CBlue light may connect with tired eyes.DRubbing eyes makes people strained.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is
77、the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。4According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be _AtiringBharmfulCuseless DbeneficialC解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblockin
78、g glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。B(2020 郑州摸底测试) Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happiness
79、are behind the socalled “runners high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsibl
80、e for this familiar great feeling.To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no sig
81、ns of anxiety.But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, the runners high symptoms seemed to fade.“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runners high is false. Endorphins are effe
82、ctive pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but its already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or
83、anxiety.The UKs National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful
84、for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we dont fully understand where it comes from. At least if were feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.【解题导语】本文
85、主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。5What did scientists from German universities recently discover?AWorking out is a highly effective way to treat depression.BThe runners high could be caused by endocannabinoids.CEndorphins may contribute to ones high spirits after running.DThe level of endorphins and endocannabinoi
86、ds could affect ones mood.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。6The
87、scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to _.Afind what reduces the runners high symptomsBsee the specific symptoms of the runners highCidentify what is responsible for the runners highDtest what influences the level of endocannabinoids releasedC解析：推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this th
88、eory, the scientists turned to mice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。7The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to “_”Aeffect BgoalCquestion DbeliefD解析：词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that
89、 cause happinessare behind the socalled runners high， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。8According to the UKs National Health Service, regular workouts _Aare the best way to treat depressionBcan help ease depre
90、ssion symptomsConly work for those with serious depressionDcan help people completely recover from depressionB解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。
91、 完形填空(2020石家庄重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A womanin her attempt to give _1_ to an ambulancehad driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car _2_. She couldnt mo
92、ve the car in any _3_ without damaging it. A couple of people tried to _4_ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to _5_ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.Whi
93、le watching the other people _6_， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how _7_ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she _8_ me to sit inside her car.I wasnt in a hurry, so I _9_ my family that I would be later and then tried to _10_ the woman who seemed to fee
94、l stressed about causing others _11_. But actually it wasnt too much trouble _12_ they could still pass, and also there wasnt anything she could do about it _13_. We laughed and _14_ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.Finally _15_ came and helped her back on the street. She _16_me and as
95、ked for my phone number so she could return the _17_， but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much _18_ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation _19_ can make a lot of _20_【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1A.signal BwayCtime DhelpB
96、解析：一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to.“给让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。2A.stuck BbrokenCdirty DabandonedA解析：根据下文中的“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。3A.sense BminuteCdirection DlineC解析：在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。4A.lift BholdCpull DdriveA解析：根据上文中的“She couldnt move the car”以及下文中的“but the obst
97、acles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。5A.offer BseekCrefuse DtakeB解析：那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。6A.shout BdiscussCstand DleaveD解析：根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。7A.amazing BpleasantCuneasy DincredibleC解析：根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，
98、作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文中的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”呼应。8A.forced BinvitedCordered DallowedB解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。9A.consulted BwarnedCadvised DinformedD解析：根据语境及下文中的“I would be later”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人一些情况。10A.persuade BcomfortCfrighten D
99、satisfyB解析：根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others _”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and _ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。11A.trouble BdisbeliefCanxiety DembarrassmentA解析：根据下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble _ they could still p
100、ass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。12A.though BuntilCsince DunlessC解析：根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since “因为” 符合语境。13A.anyway BthereforeCstill DsomehowA解析：根据上文“She couldnt move the car in any _ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。14A.remembered BrealizedCthought DjokedD解析：由空前的“We
101、 laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。15A.news Bmy partnerCassistance Dan ambulanceC解析：根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。16A.greeted BthankedCaccepted DattractedB解析：根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。17A.car BcompanyCfavor DpicnicC解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的
102、电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。18A.nervous BunwillingCdisappointed DbetterD解析：根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。19A.alone BbravelyCbitterly DdirectlyA解析：根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，最终那位女士心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。20A.decision BfortuneCchoice DdifferenceD解析：作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。课时练21篇阅读1篇七选五1篇改错1篇
103、书面表达 阅读理解(2020洛阳、许昌质检)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy foodand not too much of itlive longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the h
104、ealthiest dietsMediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French dietmay be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive
105、 oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, lowfat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are no
106、t common in this diet.Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of se
107、aweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods withou
108、t getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。1What do we know ab
109、out the healthiest diets around the world?AThey contain abundant calories.BThey tend to be expensive.CThey share certain similarities.DThey reflect popular tastes.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood an
110、d less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都侧重于使用当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，以及更少的红肉。由此可推知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C。2What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?AGoing low in calories.BEating to the fullest.CHaving much seafood.DPicking many foods.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to s
111、top eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B。3How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?ABy building connections.BBy exploring reasons.CBy listing examples.DBy analyzing figures.C解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举
112、例子的方式来说明中心观点的。4Which can be the most suitable title for the text?AWhat Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?BHow Does the Old Expression Serve?CWhy Is a Healthy Diet So Important?DWhere Can We Feed Ourselves Well?A解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作文章标题最合适。 七选五(2020郑州一中摸底测试) Teenagers are especially
113、likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria wont make you best friends. 1._ It also can make it easier to interact the next tim
114、e.Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just dont belong, try joining a special interest group. Maybe its the drama club or the marching band. 2._Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes
115、 feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3._ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.4_ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a p
116、articular quantity of friends. Thats why its important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.5_ It goes away as teens learn
117、 how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.ABut it will make you both feel pretty good.BSo consider becoming a volunteer.CSome teens arent so adaptable, however.DEncourage people to be friendlier to you.EChoose the right people.FFor most young people, loneliness is onl
118、y temporary.GLook for a group that allows you to ease gradually.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。1A解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。2G解析：根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you ju
119、st dont belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选G项。3B解析：根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。4E解析：根据下文“Lonelin
120、ess is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. Thats why its important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选E项。5F解析：由空后的“It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知
121、，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选F项。 短文改错(2020长沙统一模拟)Welcome to the Great Wall. Measured more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the long wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years. That is amazing about the Great Wall is that it i
122、s main made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand. Though it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along with the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as symbol of China, the Great Wall will become one of the most famous tourist
123、 attractions in the world. It is no wonderful that the Great Wall attract hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.答案：Welcome to the Great Wall. more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years. is amaz
124、ing about the Great Wall is that it is made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand. it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as symbol of China, the Great Wall become one of the most
125、 famous tourist attractions in the world. It is no that the Great Wall hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year. 书面表达(2020 洛阳、许昌质检)假定你是李华，外国交换生Tony想参加你校的社团以学习中国文化。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1校社团情况介绍；2活动的时间、地点；3报名方法。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_One possible version：Dear Tony，Im glad to learn that you
126、re interested in our school clubs. Here are the brief introductions. There are four clubs with the themes of Chinese culture for lovers of kung fu, cooking, paintings and handwriting in our school. Each club provides regular training courses. The clubs can not only enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture, but also make your school life colorful and interesting. The activities start at 3：00 pm. and last 1.5 hours every Friday in Teaching Building 1.If you are interested in any club above, just sign up on our school website before 18th, October. Welcome to join us.Yours，Li Hua
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