1、2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版选修八Module 1知识详解 adaptv使适应；改编，改写(回归课本P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。13【归纳总结】【例句探源】Young kids often adapt themselves quickly to a new environment.小孩子往往很快就能适应新环境。Everyone needs to do something t
2、o adapt to the social and economical changes.每个人都要采取措施来适应社会经济的变化。Many of Dickens books have been adapted as films.狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。【即境活用】1When they moved to Canada，the children _ the surroundings very well.Aadapted to Badopt toCused to Dattempted to解析：选A。adapt to适应(新环境等)；adopt 采纳；used to过去常常；attempt t
3、o试图，尝试。根据句意，选择A。2完成句子How do these insects _?这些昆虫怎样使自己适应新的环境？答案：adapt themselves to new environmentsbalance v(使)平衡；(使)平稳；权衡，比较 n平衡，均衡；天平(回归课本P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.但是2000多年以前
4、，希腊的地理学家认为地球南边有一块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。【归纳总结】【例句探源】The school aims to balance the amount of time spent on arts and science subjects.这所学校在时间安排上力争做到文理并重。He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墙头上用胳膊保持平衡。If humans continue to destroy the forest，they will break the balance of nature.如果人类继续破坏森林，他们
5、将打破生态平衡。Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.观光客常常破坏岛上微妙的自然生态平衡。(牛津P135)The programme presented a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict.节目公平地反映了冲突双方的情况。【即境活用】3The reason for his _ was illness，but everyone knew hed gone to a football match.AabsenceBemergencyCba
6、lance Disolation解析：选A。句意：他称病缺席，但谁都知道他是去看足球比赛了。absence缺席；emergency紧急情况；balance平衡；isolation孤立。由题意可知，A项正确。4完成句子The girl _ and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。答案：lost her balanceabsencen缺乏；没有；缺席(回归课本P11)Sunrise and sunset come once every six months，and in the winter the total absence of day
7、light can be tiresome，and for some，depressing.日出和日落每6个月才有一次，冬季完全不见日光会令人厌倦，对有些人来说令人沮丧。【归纳总结】【例句探源】Ms.Leighton will be in charge during my absence.我不在时，由莱顿女士负责。I soon noticed his absence from the lecture.我很快察觉到他缺课了。(朗文P6)In the absence of a complete ban on smoking，employers should provide a separate p
8、lace for smokers.由于没有完全禁烟，雇主应该为吸烟者提供单独的场所。Chen Shuibian was absent from the court because of his bad condition.因为他身体状况不好，陈水扁没有出庭。【即境活用】5In the _ of evidence，the police could not take action against the man.Alack BabsenceCshortage Dfailure解析：选B。考查名词辨析。in the absence of“缺乏”的意思。句意为“由于缺乏证据，警察无法对这个人采取行动。
9、”discouragev阻止，制止；使泄气，使灰心，打消的念头(回归课本P11)We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.除了在特定区域，我们劝你不要吸烟。【归纳总结】【例句探源】The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities.政府将采取限制在城市使用汽车的措施。(牛津P568)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.如果练习太难，学
10、习者就可能感到很没信心。(牛津P568)His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母试图阻止他当演员。The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great discouragement to him.他第一本小说所得的不利评论令他极其灰心丧气。【即境活用】6It is _ that so many young athletes are coming into the team.AencouragingBdiscouragingCencouraged Ddisco
11、uraged解析：选A。句意为“这么多年轻运动员进入到队伍中真鼓舞人心。”7.All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged解析：选D。考查动词的一般现在时与语态问题以及主谓一致原则。主语为all the employees,而except the manager为介词短语，不影响主语与谓语关系，即谓语动词应用复数形式，排除A项和C项；又因all the employees与encourage之间为被动关系，故选D
12、项。promotevt.促进；增进；晋升，使升级；促销；推销(回归课本P3)In particular，it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。【归纳总结】【例句探源】The government i
13、s committed to promote the development and use of public transport.政府致力于倡导公共交通的发展和使用。 They often have a talk to each other to promote understanding.他们经常相互交谈以增进了解。Our English teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我们的英语老师已被提升为校长了。We launched a big advertising campaign to promote our new products.我们发
14、动了一场声势浩大的广告宣传，旨在推销我们的新产品。【即境活用】8(厦门模拟)The general manager declared that whoever performed well would be _ to a higher position.Aevolved BpromotedCdominated Dallocated解析：选B。句意为：“总经理宣布谁表现出色认真就会被晋升更高的职位。”9.The cultural exchanges between the two countries help to _ the understanding and friendship betwe
15、en the two peoples.Aincrease BraiseCadd Dpromote解析：选D。句意是：两个国家之间的文化交流促进了两个民族之间的理解和友谊。此句要用promote表示“促进”。increase“增加”；raise“提高”；add“添加”。 stand out显眼，突出，醒目；杰出(回归课本P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.南极洲的大多数岩石是
16、深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。【归纳总结】【例句探源】Fred was very tall and stood out in the crowd.高大的弗雷德在人群中特别显眼。It stands out a mile what has to be done.应该做什么再明显不过了。I think black lettering will stand out best on a yellow sign.我认为黄色标志上用黑色字体最醒目。(牛津P1962)She couldnt stand being kept waiting.叫她等着，她会受不了。【即境活用】10H
17、ow can I pick out your car in the parking lot?Its easy.The bright colour of my car makes it _.Aturn outBstick outCstand out Dget out解析：选C。答句句意为“很容易。我的车的颜色很鲜艳，非常显眼。”所以在停车场很容易找到。11.Hey，that dress is making you _ in a crowd so everyone can recognize you.Aturn out Bstand outCgo out Dbreak out解析：选B。考查动词短
18、语。stand out“突出”。句意为“你那身衣服在人群中很显眼，大家都能认出你来。”in case of如果；假使；万一(回归课本P11)Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.如有紧急情况会有医疗援助。【归纳总结】【例句探源】In case of bad weather，the wedding will be held indoors.万一天气不好，婚礼将在室内举行。I have kept a reserve fund in case of accidents.我已筹备了一笔准备基金以防不测。In case she c
19、omes back，let me know immediately.如果她回来了，立刻告诉我。In no case should you forget your task.你决不能忘记自己的任务。You have finished，havent you？In that case，you may have a rest.你已经完工了，是不是？既然那样，你可以休息一下。【即境活用】12(山东济南三模)The map will be of help?Take it with you _ you get lost in the forest.Aso thatBeven ifCas long as Di
20、n case解析：选D。句意为“这地图会很有用吗？”“随身带着，以免在森林里迷路。”in case引导状语从句，表示“万一，以免”的意思。13.During the war，soldiers had to keep guns with them all the time _ emergency and danger.Abecause of Bin any caseCin case of Din spite of解析：选C。in case of emergency and danger表示目的，意为“以防有危急情况和危险”。break up打破；解散；停止；分解(回归课本P7)But when
21、land came into sight，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up.但是当陆地出现在眼前时，“耐力”号却陷入冰层并开始解体。【归纳总结】【例句探源】Hearing the news，he broke into tears.一听到这消息他突然哭起来了。(牛津P234)The meetings broke up at eleven oclock.会议在十一点散会。He broke up the fight between the two gangs.他制止了两伙人打架。She broke up the
22、 glass in her search for money.她在找钱时把玻璃打碎了。The boys will break up for the Christmas vacation next week.孩子们下周放圣诞假。【即境活用】14.Why did the police _ the crowd?Because the presidents car _ in the street.Abreak down；broke downBbreak up；broke upCbreak down；broke upDbreak up；broke down解析：选D。句意是：“为什么警察把人群驱散？”“
23、因为总统的车在路上出故障了。”第一个空表示“使解散”，用break up；第二个空用broke down表示汽车出故障。15(江苏启东中学)Since you want to make up with her，you should be the first to _ the misunderstanding.Aclear upBbreak upCtake up Dfollow up解析：选A。A项表示“整理，收拾；消除，解除(误解等)；(天气)放晴”；B项表示“打碎，拆散；分裂，分解；(集会)结束”；C项表示“占(时间、空间)；从事；拿起；继续讲述”；D项表示“跟进，补充，采取后续行动(加强效
24、果)”，根据语境分析，这里指的是“消除误解”，所以选A。句型梳理【教材原句】Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.(P3)直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。【句法分析】该句是一个倒装句，其相当于:The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18t
25、h century，but he never saw land.1)not until.did主语 直到才.until. 直到的时候not.until. 直到才Not until midnight did he go to bed.He didnt go to bed until midnight.It wasnt until midnight that he went to bed.直到半夜(以后)他才上床睡觉。2)在句型“主句until/till时间状语从句或状语”中，尤其应注意以下几点：(1)主句中动词是非延续性动词，如leave，graduate，break等时，必须用否定形式。(2)
26、主句中动词是延续性动词，肯定、否定形式都可以，但意义完全不同。肯定句表示动作或状态的结束，否定句表示动作或状态的开始。You are to stay here until/till your mother comes back.你要呆到你妈妈回来。Until then，I knew nothing at all about it.直到那时，我对那件事还一无所知。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染的严
27、重性。It was not until today that it was made publicly.那件事直到今天才被公布出来。【即境活用】16(江苏四市联考)How much do you know about the 3D film technology?A little.Not until _ the hot movie Avatar _ some about it.Adid I see；did I begin to learnBI saw；I began to learnCI saw；did I begin to learnDdid I see；I began to learn解析
28、：选C。答句句意为“一点点。直到我上次看到热播电影阿凡达，我才对3D电影有所了解。”not until引导的状语从句位于句首，主句使用倒装语序。17.(福建永安一中)Not until it was dark _，which made his mother worried.Ahe showed offBthat he showed upCdid he show up Dhad he showed up解析：选C。句意为：直到天黑了他才回来，这使得他妈妈很担心。not until从句位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，且由句意知，设空处应用一般过去时，故选C。本句还可转化为：He didnt show
29、up until it was dark.。18.It is not until _ the things _ we used to have _ we learn to cherish.Ado we lose；/; that Bwe lose；that；thatCwe do lose；what；what Ddo we lose；what；that解析：选B。这是it is not until.引导的强调句，第二个是定语从句，that是the things的引导词，第三个空引导一个强调句型，须用that。句意：直到我们失去了我们曾经拥有的东西，我们才学会珍惜。高考资源网w w 高 考 资源 网