1、核心素养测评七 Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits. 阅读理解A(2020蚌埠模拟)Knowing which of these statements have been proved by SCIENCE and which are MYTHS (谬论) could improve your health. Here are some health facts your doctor wants you to know. Not all heart attacks have a symptom (症状) of chest pain. Truth! A 2
2、012 study of more than 1. 1 million heart attack patients found that 31 percent of men and 42 percent of women didnt have any chest pain before being hospitalized. Call 911 for other symptoms, too, including shortness of breath, light-headedness, and pain elsewhere in the upper body. You do not need
3、 eight glasses of water every day. Truth! There is not any scientific evidence that eight is the magic number. You might need more or less than that, depending on factors (因素) such as climate and body size. To make sure you are getting enough, just drink water throughout the day. You need less sleep
4、 as you get older. Myth! Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them. But that doesnt mean they require less sleep. While sleep needs vary from person to person, most adults should get at least seven hours of s
5、leep for health. Reading in dim (昏暗的) light will harm your eyes. Myth! It might tire your eyes in the short term, but theres no evidence that it will do any lasting damage. When reading, position light to shine directly on the page rather than from over your shoulder to reduce unpleasant bright ligh
6、t. 【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。作者在文中向大家分别澄清了四条传言的真假, 同时给出了科学的解释。1. Which of the following has been proved to be true? A. You are in need of much less sleep as you get older. B. Reading in dim light does lasting damage to your eyes. C. Some heart attacks dont have a symptom of chest pain. D. You must get more than
7、 eight glasses of water every day. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。通过文中四个小标题及小标题下对应的“Truth! (事实)”“Myth! (虚构的事)”即可确定答案。第一个小标题“Not all heart attacks have a symptom of chest pain. ”意为: 不是所有的心脏病都有胸痛的症状, 也就是说有一些心脏病没有胸痛的症状。故C选项正确。2. According to the text, what may be the result of using drugs? A. Heart attacks. B. Weak eyes
8、. C. Less sleep. D. Shortness of breath. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下“Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them. ”可知, 年龄大一点的成年人常常睡得少, 一方面是由更为常见的严重老年疾病导致的, 一方面与用来治疗这些疾病的药物有关。由此可知, 使用药物有可能导致睡得少。故C选项正确。3. Whats the pu
9、rpose of the text? A. To inform. B. To entertain. C. To advertise. D. To praise. 【解析】选A。写作意图题。由文章第一段中的“Here are some health facts your doctor wants you to know. (以下是一些医生想要你知道的关于健康的事实。)”可知, 这篇文章目的是想给大家普及一些健康知识。故A选项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析Older adults often sleep less as a result of serious conditions that are
10、more common with age as well as the drugs used to treat them. 分析: 本句是主从复合句。that are more common with age是定语从句, 修饰conditions; used to treat them是过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰drugs。翻译: 老年人经常因为更为常见的严重老年疾病和治疗这些疾病的药物而睡眠不足。BAfter a morning hike in the Saneum Healing Forest, 46-year-old firefighter Kang Byoung-wook has
11、tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers. He is one of 40 firefighters taking part in a three-day program, the aim of which is to offer “forest healing” (森林治愈); the firefighters all have posttraumatic stress disorder(创伤后应激障碍). Saneum is one o
12、f three official healing forests in Republic of Korea. Soon there will be 34 more. Republic of Koreansmany of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and great academic pressure have accepted the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. There is increasing evidence that being outside
13、 in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer, it seems. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canadas Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from
14、 it. “We dont think of being outdoors as a way to increase happiness, ” says Nisbet. “We think other things will, like shopping or TV. ”But Republic of Korea is starting to challenge this opinion. So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? Being surrounded by nature has one ob
15、vious effect: It calms us and reduces our stress levels. This has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rates. Another experiment conducted by psychologist Stephen Kaplan found that people who took a 50-minute walk in a park had better attention and short-term memory than those who took a wal
16、k along a city street. Perhaps whats more surprising is that nature may also make us more creative. David Strayer, a psychologist at the University of Utah, showed as much with a group of participants, who performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness b
17、ackpacking. In fact, we may never know exactly what nature does to the brain. Something mysterious will always remain, and maybe thats as it should be. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对人类健康的作用。4. What is Kang Byoung-wook doing? A. Getting lost in nature. B. Building up his strength. C. Trying to control a fore
18、st fire. D. Helping firefighters under stress. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第一段内容Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga, and makes a picture with dried flowers可知, Kang Byoung-wook正在接受森林治愈: 品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。 他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。5. What benefit of nature did Stephen Kaplan find? A. It affec
19、ts peoples feelings. B. It lowers the risks of diseases. C. It helps improve mental performance. D. It does more good than physical exercise. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的. . . had better attention and short-term memory. . . 可知, Stephen Kaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力, 也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选C。6. What would be the
20、best title for the text? A. Your life in forestsB. Your brain on natureC. The future of forest healingD. The benefits of a stress-free life【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处, 故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. suffer from遭受2. pressure n. 压力3. enthusiasm n. 热情4. a pleasant natural env
21、ironment令人愉快的自然环境5. lower blood pressure降低血压. 完形填空An old grandpa as ordinary as Father Brown will never attract peoples attention and interest in everyday life. Who can imagine that under his 1 appearance lies great wisdom and talent for solving 2? Father Brown is a Catholic priest from England. He
22、is 3 and fat, has a round and dull face, and eyes as empty as the North Sea. He always wears 4 clothes and carries a large umbrella. 5 this man understands people well. When he 6 a case, he uses his insight into human nature to put himself in the 7 shoes and then find the real criminal. “ I had 8 th
23、em all myself I had planned out each of the crimes very 9. And when I felt exactly like him myself, of course I knew who he was! ”10 Holmes, Father Brown focuses more on 11 and psychological truths rather than scientific details. Once he is 12 where the murderer would hide the body, he thinks like t
24、his: if a 13 person wants to hide a leaf, where should they hide it? In the 14! If there isnt, he would 15 one. Thats how he solved a case in which a general sends 800 soldiers to fight in a war just to 16 the murder of one soldier. Although Father Brown has a sharp sense for crimes, he also has a 1
25、7 heart for criminals. Many times he doesnt send criminals to court, but gets them to 18 their faults and to begin a new life. As a 19, Father Brown shows great love and 20. Maybe he is not there to judge, but to save souls. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文中叙述了一位叫布朗的神父, 在朴素的外表下, 隐藏着伟大的智慧和破案的才华。布朗神父对犯罪有敏锐的判断力, 但他对罪犯表现
26、出极大的爱和宽恕, 让他们改邪归正, 开始新的生活, 以此来拯救他们的灵魂。1. A. handsome B. uglyC. plain D. outstanding【解析】选C。 handsome英俊的; ugly丑陋的; plain朴素的; outstanding杰出的。根据上一句“An old grandpa as ordinary as Father Brown”可知, 他的外表是朴素的(plain), 故选C。2. A. crimesB. problemsC. puzzlesD. riddles【解析】选A。crime罪行; problem问题; puzzle困惑; riddle谜语
27、。根据下方的内容可知, 他利用自己的智慧找到了一些案件的罪犯, 故此处“谁能想象朴素的外表下的他有伟大的智慧和破案的才能呢? ”, solve crimes译为“破案”。故选A。3. A. strongB. tallC. shortD. healthy【解析】选C。 strong强壮的; tall高大的; short矮小的; healthy健康的。根据前文可知他是一个很普通的人, 再根据后面的并列连词and及“fat, has a round and dull face, ”此处是指“他又矮又胖”, 故选C。4. A. well-ironedB. shapelessC. trendyD. st
28、ylish【解析】选B。 well-ironed熨烫平整的; shapeless不成形的; trendy时髦的; stylish时尚的。根据上文可知, A、C、D与前文描述“他的朴素、平凡”意义不符, 此处是指“衣服不成形的(shapeless)”, 即衣着随意, 故选B。5. A. SoB. AndC. ButD. Or【解析】选C。 根据前文的叙述可知他是个平凡的老爷爷, 但却很了解别人。由此可知前后意义是转折的, 故选C。6. A. gets throughB. looks intoC. searches forD. listens to【解析】选B。get through通过; loo
29、k into调查; search for寻找; listen to倾听。本文讲述的是他破案, 可知, 此处是指“当他调查(looks into)案件时”, 故选B。7. A. judgesB. GodsC. victimsD. murderers【解析】选D。此处是指“他利用对人性的洞察, 把自己置于凶手的(murderers)境地, 然后找到真正的罪犯”“put oneself in ones shoes”为固定搭配, 意为“换位思考”, 故选D。8. A. hiddenB. savedC. helpedD. killed【解析】选D。 hide隐藏; save节约, 拯救; help帮助;
30、 kill杀死。此处是指布朗想象自己就是罪犯, 如同亲手杀死(killed)他人一样。故选D。9. A. carefullyB. nervouslyC. hurriedlyD. casually【解析】选A。 carefully仔细地; nervously紧张的; hurriedly匆忙地; casually随意地。根据空后句子“当我觉得自己和杀人犯一模一样的时候”, 所以“我仔细地(carefully)计划了每一件罪行”。故选A。10. A. AsB. UnlikeC. Like D. Despite【解析】选B。 as作为; unlike不像, 与不同; like像; despite尽管。
31、根据后面的“Father Brown focuses more on and psychological truths rather than scientific details”可知, 布朗神父与福尔摩斯不同(unlike), 故选B。11. A. spiritualB. accurateC. physicalD. fantasy【解析】选A。spiritual精神上的; . accurate准确的; physical身体的; fantasy幻想。根据并列连词and, 可知与 “psychological”并列的只能是spiritual(精神上的), 此处是指“与福尔摩斯不同, 布朗神父更
32、注重精神和心理上的真理, 而不是科学细节”, 故选A。12. A. agreeing onB. checking onC. giving awayD. thinking about【解析】选D。 根据空后的“where the murderer would hide the body”以及后面的“where should they hide it? ”可知, 此处是指“他考虑(think about)凶手会把尸体藏在哪里”, 故选D。13. A. cruel B. loyal C. smart D. calm【解析】选C。cruel残忍的; loyal忠诚的; smart聪明的; calm冷静
33、的。根据语境可知, 此处是指“如果一个聪明(smart)人想把树叶藏起来, 他们应该把它藏在哪里? ”, 故选C。14. A. desertB. forestC. oceanD. mountain【解析】选B。 desert沙漠; forest森林; ocean海洋; mountain山脉。根据语境可知, 把东西藏起来, 就是让人找不到, 因此把树叶藏在森林(forest)里是很难找到的。故选B。15. A. findB. imagineC. makeD. draw【解析】选C。 find发现; imagine设想; make制造; draw画。分析语境可知, 此处是指“如果没有森林, 那就造
34、(make)一个”。故选C。16. A. check intoB. cover upC. search intoD. fight for【解析】选B。check into检查; cover up掩盖; search into搜索; fight for为争取。分析语境可知, 此处是指“一个将军派遣800名士兵参加一场战争, 只是为了掩盖(cover up)谋杀一名士兵”, 故选B。17. A. softB. warmC. braveD. normal【解析】选A。 soft柔软的, 温柔的; warm温暖的; brave勇敢的; normal正常的。根据下文“很多时候, 他没有把罪犯送上法庭,
35、而是让他们改邪归正, 开始新的生活。”可知, 他对罪犯也有一颗温柔的(soft)心, 故选A。18. A. admitB. realizeC. find D. correct【解析】选D。 admit承认; realize意识到; find发现; correct改正。根据语境可知, 此处是指“让他们改正自己的错误, 开始新的生活”, 故选D。19. A. judgeB. policemanC. murdererD. priest【解析】选D。judge法官; policeman警察; murderer杀人犯; priest牧师。根据第二段第一句“Father Brown is a Cathol
36、ic priest from England. ”可知, 他是一名牧师, 故选D。20. A. courageB. forgivenessC. determinationD. enthusiasm【解析】选B。 courage勇气; forgiveness宽恕; determination决心; enthusiasm热情。根据语境可知, 此处是指“作为一名牧师, 布朗神父表现出极大的爱和宽恕(forgiveness)。也许他不是在那里审判, 而是去拯救灵魂”, 故选B。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China plans 1. (build)or
37、 renovate about 21, 000 toilets at tourist destinations next year, said the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. 2. move is part of the “toilet revolution” ongoing in Chinas tourist industry since 2015 that bids to provide tourists 3. modern and clean toilets. Announced at a conference held in south Chi
38、nas Guangdong Province, the ministry said the country 4. (build)or upgraded nearly 24, 000 restrooms for 5. (tourist)this year, 6. (include)about 15, 000 in its less-developed central and western areas. Between 2015 7. 2017, China invested 1. 64 billion yuan (about US$237. 8 million) to install or r
39、enovate over 70, 000 toilets for tourists, it said. 8. (advance) technologies have been used in the new toilets to improve their hygiene standards, save energy and water, and make them more accessible. For example, a mobile navigation app was launched to help tourists find nearby toilets in scenic a
40、reas, 9. (cover) all 5A and 4A level scenic spots in China. To boost domestic tourism, China aims to install or upgrade a total of 64, 000 toilets for tourists from 2018 to 2020, according to a three-year action plan 10. (release) by the government. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了中国文化与旅游部在5A和4A景区新建和改建现代化厕所的计划和措施
41、, 汇总了2015年到2017年的成就以及2018年到2020年的目标。1. 【解析】to build。 plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”, plan作动词时后接不定式作宾语。2. 【解析】The。move此处表示“举措, 措施”, 第一段已经讲述了措施, 故此处为特指, 应该用定冠词the且要首字母大写。3. 【解析】with。provide sb. with sth. 是固定搭配, 意为“为某人提供某物”。4. 【解析】built。此处考查时态。主句中谓语动词said为一般过去时, 根据语境可知, 此处也应用一般过去时。5. 【解析】tourists。 根据常识可知, 两
42、万四千个厕所一定是给很多游客使用的, 故游客应该用其复数形式tourists。6. 【解析】including。including about. . . areas为介词短语作定语, 修饰24, 000 restrooms。其中, including为介词, 意为“包括”。7. 【解析】and。between. . . and为固定搭配, 意为“在和之间”。8. 【解析】Advanced。Advanced意为“(已经)发展起来的; (已经)开发出来的; 先进的”, advancing意为“(正在)发展的, (正在)开发中的”。根据语境可知, 新厕所使用了先进的高科技。9. 【解析】covering。分析句子结构可知, 此处应该作定语修饰areas, 故应填which covers. . . (定语从句)或covering. . . (现在分词短语作定语)。由于此处只能填一词, 故应填covering。10. 【解析】released。分析句子结构可知, 此处应为定语修饰action plan, 由于action plan与release为动宾关系, 故应用released, 构成过去分词短语作定语。
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