1、Unit 2English around the world.阅读AThe best-known example of outer influence causing language change is the “Americanization” of world culture,which has caused English words to appear all over the world.The effect is most noticeable in pop music.Foreign groups often record in English,and the words ar
2、e picked up and repeated everywhere,even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language.I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count “one,two,three”,but only by adding the words “oclock,four oclock rock” at the end.Some people are often strongly critical of the infl
3、uence of English on their languageespecially when an English word replaces a traditional word.In 1977,France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent (意义相同的) French expression existedbut the law seemed to be honoured more in the breaking than in the obser
4、ving.Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect,and that the arrival of loan words (外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself,which has a long history of welcoming foreign words)However,
5、not everyone is critical.In particular,commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring.In Japan,English is even used in television commercials,despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what w
6、as being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages,but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has
7、been affected.Sentences of the type “The book sells well”,using an active construction for a passive meaning,have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt).Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word,and do not translate it into the native form,e.g.drinks.
8、There are many other such cases.1.Why could the Brazilian child speak “one,two,three” in English?A.Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.B.Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.C.Because he had made himself master of English.D.Because he had heard these words in so
9、ngs a lot.2.What can we infer about the law passed in France in 1977?A.It was strict. B.It was unfair.C.It was often ignored.D.It was strongly opposed.3.Why do some Japanese commercials use English?A.To follow the American trend.B.To become world-famous.C.To enrich Japanese. D.To increase sales.4.Ho
10、w is the last paragraph mainly developed?A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons.C.By explaining grammar rules.D.By analyzing language change.语篇解读:本文是议论文。文章讨论了英语对其他语言的影响。答案及剖析:1.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的Foreign groups often record in English .but only by adding the words oclock,four oclock rock at the
11、 end可知,文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语,但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放,所以他学会了说这些数字。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的but the law seemed to be honoured more in the breaking than in the observing及such laws have very little effect可知,人们经常不遵守这项法律。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring及the exc
12、ellence implied by the mere use of English可知,广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色,激发人们的购买欲。4.A写作手法题。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。B(2019双语报 )Road traffic is one of the biggest issues of the modern world.We often have to spend a large amount of time in traffic.So what are the effective ways t
13、o help solve the transport problems in cities?One of the most common methods to reduce traffic jams in small and medium towns is building new roads.In the mid-twentieth century,the engineers built new highways to reduce traffic jams on the road.However,building road networks needs much land and that
14、 may destroy forests and require citizens to move.Besides,the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project.So this might not be the best way to solve the problem of heavy traffic.Road traffic can be shortly reduced by reorganizing the traffic management system.Parking for a long time
15、 on the road in the central areas of the town must be controlled by some measures.In some towns,the fines for illegal parking are so low that many drivers park their cars on the main roads for several hours or even a whole day.This may lead to serious traffic problems.Therefore,its high time that th
16、e government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking.On the other side,separate parking areas should be planned for short-term visitors and local citizens by building reserved(预留的) parking areas.People may use bikes or even walk down to cover short distances,but to cover longer distances
17、,it requires a good public road transport system to make sure the city can operate well.Because of that,the fares on public transport should be as low as possible so that everyone can afford it;there must be enough buses that can connect major as well as smaller locations.Im glad that my city does v
18、ery well in it.5.What does the author think of building new highways to reduce traffic jams?A.It cant be easily put into practice. B.It cant be easily accepted by citizens.C.Its the best way to reduce traffic jams.D.Its suitable for small and medium towns.6.Which of the following might be the author
19、s suggestion to the government?A.Making the fines for illegal parking higher.B.Not allowing drivers to park their cars on the roads.C.Preparing fewer parking areas for short-term visitors.D.Not building too many parking areas in central areas.7.What is the text mainly about?A.Tips on parking in big
20、cities.B.Problems of driving in big cities.C.Some ways to avoid traffic jams.D.Some ways to solve road traffic problems.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。城市里的交通阻塞是一个很大的问题,本文主要讲述了几点关于改善城市交通的办法。答案及剖析:5.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的However,building road networks needs much land and that may destroy forests and require citizens to move.B
21、esides,the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project.可知,作者认为新建高速公路来改善交通并不是很容易实施的。6.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的the fines for illegal parking are so low 和its high time that the government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking 可推测,作者可能建议政府把违法停车的罚款提高。7.D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的So what are the
22、 effective ways to help solve the transport problems in cities?以及下文内容可知,本文主要是讲述了一些改善城市交通问题的办法。.语法填空(2019石家庄二模)The Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Just like a dragon,it winds up and down across deserts,grasslands and mountains,1.(run) approximately 21,196 kilometers from e
23、ast to west.The 2.(construct) of the Great Wall was not that easy,3.drew heavily on the local resources for building materials.The walls were 4.(original) built in the Spring & Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.Emperor Qin Shi Huang succeeded in his effort to have them joined together.Sinc
24、e then,the Great Wall 5.(serve) as a monument of the Chinese nation throughout history.With 6. history of about 2,700 years,some parts of the Great Wall are now 7. ruins or have disappeared.However,the Great Wall of China is still one of the most appealing 8.(attraction) all around the world owing t
25、o its historical significance.The best-known part of the Great Wall of China,Badaling,9.(locate) 43 miles northwest of Beijing,attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day.Today,the Great Wall 10.(recognize) as one of the most impressive architectural achievements in history.答案及剖析:1
26、.running考查非谓语动词。run 和句子谓语winds 之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词形式,且和句子主语it 构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing 形式。2.construction考查名词。根据The 和介词of 可知,此处用名词作句子主语。3.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,从句修饰先行词construction。4.originally考查副词。此处用副词originally 修饰动词built,在句子中作状语。5.has served考查时态。根据Since then 可知,此处用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现
27、在造成的影响。6.a考查冠词。history 作“发展史”讲时可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,又因此处表泛指,为单数概念,故用不定冠词a。7.in考查介词。词组in ruins 意为“破败不堪”,符合语境,故用介词in。8.attractions考查名词复数。根据语境可知,attraction在此处为“吸引人之物”之意,为可数名词,又因空前有one of,故此处用attractions。9.located考查非谓语动词。locate 和句子谓语attracts 之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且和句子主语Badaling 构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。10.is recognized考查时态和语态。recognize 和句子主语the Great Wall 之间为被动关系,又因句子时间状语为Today,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
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