1、考纲解读普通高中英语课程标准对语言技能目标(八级)“写”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。考情分析 通过对近三年的高考英语短文写作试题的分析，可以看出高考短文写作有如下特点：1命题理念就题材而言，高考短文写
2、作题贴近学生的生活实际，有利于真情实感的表达，使考生有话可说。近三年湖北卷短文写作都是给出谚语、名言警句类的英语提示，要求考生结合事例写一篇英语短文。如：2013年的短文写作是以“语言伤人甚于砖块和石头”为话题，2012年的短文写作是以“你不能选择别人给你的，但是你可以选择如何利用别人给你的。”为话题，2011年的短文写作是以“团队合作”为话题，这些都是学生熟悉的话题，符合学生的认知水平和日常生活经历。2命题方式近三年湖北短文写作都采用了英语提示的半开放式作文。这给考生提供了更广阔的思维空间，给考生留有更大的自由发挥余地，更能反映出考生的真实水平。这要求考生答题时要经过明确立意、确定文体、选择
3、合适的句型、布局谋篇等个人独立思考的过程。3文章体裁近三年湖北短文写作都是夹叙夹议类写作。答题策略对于湖北的短文写作我们要注意以下几点：(1)一定要有具体的事例，这个事例一般要求结合考生自己的学习生活，这样写起来才更加流畅，考生才会感觉有话可说；(2)叙述事例时应该用一般过去时；结合事例展开评论或议论则用一般现在时；叙述自己的故事用第一人称单数，叙述身边其他人的故事则应该用第三人称；(3)注意不要照抄所给英语提示。这样的作文一般可用三段式的布局：第一段直接引入话题，阐述话题的含义；第二段叙述自己身边的事，为保证叙述流畅，最好先写出一个简短的汉语提纲，以避免跑题；第三段简短地再次升华主题，以做到
4、首尾呼应。以2013年湖北短文写作为例，开头部分我们可以这样写：Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，of which what I value most is.(引出话题)或者：Just as the saying goes，sticks and stones may break our bones，but words can hurt us deeply.I learned this in a hard way that Ill never forget.然后是故事的主体，此时要记住，“有话好好说，有话慢慢说”。所谓“好好说”
5、，指的是不要出现生造的汉语式句子，要注意使用各种丰富的语法和词汇知识；“慢慢说”，就是把要表达的内容自然而完整地表达清楚。最后一段，可以用倒装、强调、各种从句等来结尾。好的词汇和高级句型能使文章增色不少，但内容要适可而止，不可啰嗦。一、13类常见失分点1主谓不一致(1)Three years have passed before we knew it.误Three years has passed before we knew it.正(2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.误Every man and every
6、 woman likes surfing the Internet here.正(3)Many a student have chatted online.误Many a student has chatted online.正2时态不一致(1)They talked and talked and soon the bus comes.误They talked and talked and soon the bus came.正(2)He said that he will come to see me soon.误He said that he would come to see me so
7、on.正(3)If you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.误If you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.正3词类不一致(1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.误She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.正(2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.误After the
8、work，we went home，tired and hungry.正(3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.误 Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.正4逻辑不一致(1)Im eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.误Im eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.正
9、(2)He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.误He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.正(3)Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.误Next time you look at a person，
10、see if his or her face is red or pale.正5代词替代不一致(1)There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I dont know what to buy.误There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I dont know which to buy.正(2)It is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.误It is we that are to blame
11、for the result because we are too careless.正(3)She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed it to me.误She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed them to me.正6介词多余(1)Work hard，and you will make it at some time.误Work hard，and you will make it some time.正(2)At the first ti
12、me she came to see me，I was doing some reading.误The first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.正(3)Considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.误Considering everything，the plan is quite practical.正7连词多余(1)She sent me an email，asking whether how I was getting along with my cla
13、ssmates.误She sent me an email，asking how I was getting along with my classmates.正(2)If one more minute，and we can do it easily.误One more minute，and we can do it easily.正(3)Because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.误Because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.正8冠词多余(1)As we
14、 know，the Sunday is the first day of a week.误As we know，Sunday is the first day of a week.正(2)I prefer this kind of a fruit.误I prefer this kind of fruit.正(3)Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.误Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.正9句子成分短缺(1)We al
15、l strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.误We are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.正(2)What puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in China.误What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.正10及物与不及物动词误用(1)All flights this morni
16、ng have put off because of the thick fog.误All flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.正(2)The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didnt punish for it.误The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didnt punish me for it.正(3)It is known that everything depends th
17、e sunlight for growth.误It is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.正11非谓语动词误用(1)He admitted to make a mistake.误He admitted making a mistake.正(2)She objects to be treated like a child.误She objects to being treated like a child.正(3)I regret saying that I cant help you for I have man
18、y things to do.误I regret to say that I cant help you for I have many things to do.正(4)The desk needs to repair.误The desk needs repairing./The desk needs to be repaired.正(5)My parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.误My parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.正(6
19、)They were made work hard all day long.误They were made to work hard all day long.正(7)I find it easy to be done.误I find it easy to do.正(8)Comparing with you，I still have a long way to go.误Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.正(9)Everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.误Every
20、thing taken into consideration，it is a good plan.正12搭配错误(1)As time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.误With time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.正(2)The bridge is in construction.误The bridge is under construction.正(3)So far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a
21、good solution.误As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.正(4)The thief ran to the direction of the hill.误The thief ran in the direction of the hill.正(5)It is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.误There is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.正(6)It w
22、asnt long when we got to the cinema.误It wasnt long before we got to the cinema.正13汉语式表达(1)This is my first time visit to Beijing.误This is my first visit to Beijing.正(2)I like Taiji and it is my most favorite sport.误I like Taiji and it is my favorite sport.正(3)Our school is two miles far away from he
23、re，so youd better take a taxi.误Our school is two miles away from here，so youd better take a taxi.正(4)After he returned back，he began to work at once.误After he returned，he began to work at once.正(5)Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one better.误Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one.正二、高分技巧1恰当使用连
24、词、连接副词等连接句子，可使文章逻辑性强，结构紧凑，层次清晰，意义贯通。Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.
25、After that，I swept and mopped the floors.(2013陕西，书面表达)2恰当选用“贴切、地道的高级词汇”。从书面表达的评分标准可知，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词来代替常见的词语是选用恰当词汇的有效途径。如下表所列近义词，用左边一栏的词或短语代替右边一栏的词语，会取得比较好的效果。come up with，occur to，have an ideathink ofaccount forexplainappreciatethankthe majority ofmostbe supposed
26、 toshouldattend tolookafterbe of n.beadj.the minority ofleastbe crazy about，be absorbed in，be addicted to，be fond oflikeon condition thatas long asvarious，a variety ofdifferentbe worn outtiredbe engaged inbusyin the course ofduringinform sb.of，inform sb.thattelloccasionally，once in a whilesometimes3
27、.适当使用含有“较为丰富的语法结构”的高级句式。感叹句、独立主格结构、特殊句式、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等都属于较复杂的“语法结构”。这些结构的正确、交替使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反应作者的语言运用能力。此外，正确使用一些谚语也能给文章增色不少。(1)感叹句What a wonderful time!(2)独立主格结构With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.(3)特殊句式Not only wil
28、l I keep from littering and spitting anywhere，I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.(2013湖北，短文写作)(4)名词性从句I
29、t shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.No one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process.With another try，they may gain what they dream of.I hope what I will do will make a great difference to the
30、m.(5)定语从句In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life.Im sorry I couldnt reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.(6) 状语从句As a consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independen
31、t thought or creative ideas.When some fell behind，others would come and offer help.Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration.Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.(7)非谓语动词These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing se
32、rious harm to life and the environment.Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red.(2013湖北，短文写作)Amazed at how skillful they were，I was determined to be just as good.(8)谚语Actions speak louder than words.It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”4此外还要注意以下几方面：(1)要有高分句意识。高分句可以用复合句、特殊句式(尤其是使用倒装句、强调句等)，还可以使用谚语。高分句最好放在每一段的首句，这样给人耳目一新的感觉。还可以放在文章的结尾，给人以厚重的感觉。(2)要有段落意识。这样作文层次分明，条理清晰。每一段的段首或段尾有一个高分句，能为文章增色不少。(3)要书写优美。一篇优秀的作文犹如一件艺术品，书写清楚，字母大小写匀称，单词间距适当，给人以美的享受，这样的作文何尝不会得高分呢！