1、Unit 2Understanding each other.阅读理解AAasritha Duriseti recently noticed her grandmothers difficulty opening a bottle cap.Fortunately,she found a solution in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carson Middle School in Herndon,Virginia,whose assignment was to adapt existing products to make daily lif
2、e easier for people with challenges.Aasrithas creativity kicked in as she researched existing bottle-opening devices.She used a piece of wood shaped like a cellphone and put three holes on it,each in different size and lined with a layer of dried,sticky hot glue,which provided firm grips(防滑力)for com
3、mon bottle caps.With a simple twisting(拧)motion,her grandmother could open bottles without assistance.“Students in the class used more than their math,physics and tool skills.They also learned to look at problems from anothers point of view,”said Teacher Mark Bolt.“Engineers need to put themselves i
4、n their product users shoes to build effective solutions.”Other students in the class also showed sensitivity as they watched friends and family struggle with daily tasks.Michael Kuwashima noticed how dyslexiaa reading disorder that the brain tends to confuse the order of numbers,letters and other i
5、magesmade it difficult for a friend to follow along on pages full of text.Therefore,Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device.“My friend could isolate(分离)small sections of text while reading,”he said.Arjan Garg focused on a different problem.Sometimes putting on clothes can be har
6、d for people with a limited range of motion.Arjan created a“dressing stick”using four wood sticks of different sizes to fit different clothing.The students tried different versions of their products along the way to make the best one to show the class.Rather than require step-by-step directions for
7、creating their projects,Bolt preferred to leave students creative paths open.“If we want to do better,we have to have a chance to fail,”he said.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Carson MiddleSchool八年级的机械工程课上,学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备进行改造使周围人的生活更加便利,而且还学会了站在他人的角度思考问题,关心他人的需求。1.Why did Aasritha create a new bottle-opening
8、 device?A.She hoped to get a higher score.B.She was interested in engineering.C.She had difficulty opening bottle caps.D.She wanted to help her grandmother.推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D项。2.What did students learn from the class?A.Working with others.B.Conducting field experiments
9、.C.Understanding others feelings.D.Communicating with product users.细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“They also learned to look at problemsfrom anothers point of view”可知,该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受。故选C项。3.How did students finish their assignment?A.With the aid of a guidebook.B.Through trial and error.C.With the help of classmates
10、.D.Under the detailed instructions.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Rather than require step-by-stepdirections for creating their projects,Bolt preferred to leave students creativepaths open.”可知,学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的。故选B项。4.What is the text mainly about?A.An inspiring class.B.An excellent teacher.C.Some scientific meth
11、ods.D.Some talented students.主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“Students inthe class used more than their math,physics and tool skills.They also learned tolook at problems from anothers point of view”可知,文章主要讲述CarsonMiddle School八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备,同时教会学生从他人角度思考问题,因此文章主要讲述了一门有启发性的课。故选A项。BYou drink diet so
12、da enjoying the sweet taste without the guilt of calories.But scientists have long suspected a link between artificial sweeteners(甜味剂)and obesity in humans.A new study suggests that artificial sweeteners may not be as harmless as once thought.They may not only disturb the microbes(微生物)living in the
13、bodies of humans,but some may even increase the risk of weight gain.Every human hosts a unique group of microbes.The number of cells that make up this vast community,called microbiome(微生物群),is extremely large in the human body.It not only helps digestion but also protects against diseases.The distur
14、bance to the microbiome occurs because artificial sweeteners,although zero calories for humans,serve as nutrients for some microbes,which then increase rapidly.This causes an imbalance in microbial populations that can lead to diseases.In the study,scientists first chose 1,375 volunteers to see if t
15、hey consumed artificial sweeteners in their daily lives.Then,they identified 120 volunteers who were not previously exposed to artificial sweeteners and gave them one of the four commonly used sweetenerssaccharin,sucralose,aspartame,and stevia for two weeks.After that,to test how artificial sweetene
16、rs affect the bodys ability to control the sudden increase of blood sugar after consuming sugar as part of meals,volunteers were monitored for blood glucose(血糖)levels after a test glucose drink.The study showed that sucralose and saccharin pushed the body towards glucose intolerance,which,if sustain
17、ed,can cause weight gain.However,aspartame and stevia did not affect glucose tolerance at the tested levels.“The study is the first to show that the human microbiome responds to artificial sweeteners.Its also a convincing study to show how these sweeteners really are affecting the human body,”says M
18、ichael Goran,a professor at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles.“This study provides evidence of both short-term harmful effects and long-term negative effects caused by artificial sweeteners,”David Katz,a nutrition specialist,says.“That does not mean artificial sweeteners should be replaced with sugar.R
19、ather,alternative approaches to reducing sugar intake should be considered.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工甜味剂并非像人们曾经以为的那样无害。5.What does the new study reveal?A.Diet soda contains more calories than sugary drinks.B.Exercise can help people reduce the risk of diseases.C.Artificial sweeteners have negative effe
20、cts on humans.D.Obesity is the most common health problem among adults.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests that artificialsweeteners may not be as harmless as once thought.”可知,之前人们认为喝无糖饮料无害健康,而这项新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味剂是有害健康的。故选C项。6.How do sweeteners disturb the microbiome?A.It probably destroys the function
21、of digestion.B.It usually causes a rapid loss of healthy cells.C.It sometimes feeds harmful bacteria in the body.D.It often leads to a sharp growth of certain microbes.细节理解题。由第二段中的“The disturbance to the microbiome occursbecause artificial sweeteners,although zero calories for humans,serve asnutrien
22、ts for some microbes,which then increase rapidly.”可知,甜味剂为某种微生物提供营养,使它数量猛增,影响菌群平衡。故选D项。7.Which aspect of the experiment is talked about in paragraph 3?A.Its results.B.Its process.C.Its background.D.Its subjects.细节理解题。由第三段中的“In the study,scientists first chose.Then,theyidentified.and gave them.After t
23、hat,to test.”可知,本段主要说了实验的过程。故选B项。8.What does David Katz advise people to do?A.Introduce a tax on sugary drinks.B.Ban the use of artificial sweeteners.C.Raise the prices of sugar-free drinks.D.Find other ways to limit sugar intake.细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That does not mean artificial sweetenersshould be replac
24、ed with sugar.Rather,alternative approaches to reducing sugarintake should be considered.”可知,David建议人们不要再喝有人工甜味剂的饮料,也不建议喝含糖饮料,而是应该思考别的减少糖分摄入的方法。故选D项。CA number of recent studies of families in several Asian countries help to shed light on how grandparents are involved in coparenting,which researchers
25、 define as the sharing of childcare and upbringing responsibility among two or more adults.These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.Researcher Li Xiaowei and her coworkers recently explored parent-grandparent coparenting in Chin
26、a,where it is very common.In their 2019 study,nearly 180 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires(问卷调查)about their coparenting.The majority of families lived in three-generational households,and 80%of families had only one child.The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-gr
27、andparent coparenting relationship,like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child.The researchers also measured how competent mothers felt in using parenting strategies and teaching their children age-appropriate skills.T
28、he findings?Mothers who had strong coparenting relationships with grandparents tended to feel more effective in their role as a parent,and,in turn,their children tended to be more socially competent.Thats because grandparents,with their rich experience,can provide support,role modeling,and encourage
29、ment when they raise children,which could influence how competent mothers feel in their parenting role.And when mothers are feeling more confident,they can approach parenting with more positivity,which can boost their childrens social development.Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influenc
30、e other aspects of childrens development,such as preschoolers effortful controltheir ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and notice novelty or mistakes.For preschoolers,it might come into play when they get a gift they dont like,or have to figure out how to share toys.This research o
31、n grandparents highlights that handling the coparenting relationship is not without its challenges.But grandparents involvement in childrens upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents themselves.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。调查发现:当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时,这种共同抚养关系会使
32、孩子受益。9.What might be included in the questionnaire?A.Grandparents age gap.B.The support grandparents give.C.The income the family have.D.Grandparents attitude to education.推理判断题。根据第三段的“The questionnaire asked about positive aspectsof the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship,like how much they
33、 agreedand felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflictin front of the child.”可知,问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面,由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。10.What is the conclusion of the study?A.Parents and grandparents can get along well.B.Mothers ability has an effect on their children.C.Good coparenti
34、ng relationships benefit children.D.Parent-grandparent coparenting is becoming popular.细节理解题。根据文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究发现良好的共同抚养关系会让孩子受益。11.What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 5 probably refer to?A.Effortful control.B.The response.C.The development.D.The mistake.词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖
35、父母的共同养育会影响孩子的努力控制能力,因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时,这种控制力可能就会发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。12.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Trend of Coparenting Is Catching on in AsiaB.How Young Parents Think of Grandparents HelpC.Coparenting Relationships Are Becoming ComfortableD.What Happens When Grandpar
36、ents Help Raise Children主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefitwhen parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.”提出调查结果:在孩子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下,共同抚养对孩子是有益的;然后详细介绍了这项调查,最后在文章末尾再次重申这个观点,由此推断D选项“What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children”可以作为最佳标题。.完形填空Growing up
37、,I was fortunate to have dinner with my family almost every day.Sometimes,the family dinner circle1to include relatives stopping by.Yet,I knew some friends whose parents got home after dinner or even 2the entire evening.So I 3 the quality time around our kitchen table,which witnessed countless valua
38、ble 4 in my life.5,my kids cannot relate to my childhood memories.They have been left to6with babysitters more times than I would like to admit.My husband and I have 7 careers.And we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime.When this happens too often,it 8 the balance of our family.Apa
39、rt from suffering from 9,what else can a hardworking family do?I think we can all try to10our own ways to spend time together.Surely there are days when Im too busy to share a meal with my family.But I would make efforts to 11 and chat later that day,12 setting aside cellphones every time.And I even
40、 find a bedtime reading with my kids much13.I am also proud to have our“big breakfast”routine every Saturday.My husband serves as the head chef,and my younger son 14 him to make the breakfast.I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly and will be out of the 15 someday.But now,I am happy to have
41、so many wonderful things on my plate.1.A.widenedB.formedC.lessenedD.closed2.A.missedB.avoidedC.enjoyedD.recorded3.A.wastedB.treasuredC.limitedD.calculated4.A.showsB.dishesC.recipesD.moments5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides6.A.sleepB.dineC.studyD.play7.A.suitableB.flexibleC.satisfyingD.dema
42、nding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improvesD.strikes9.A.fearB.angerC.guiltD.hunger10.A.predictB.createC.evaluateD.accept 11.A.work outB.calm downC.hold onD.catch up12.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.consciouslyD.carelessly13.A.louderB.shorterC.simplerD.sweeter14.A.assistsB.guidesC.allowsD.orders15.A.officeB.ki
43、tchenC.houseD.park【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开,体现亲情的可贵。1.A根据下文“to include relatives stopping by”可知,家里的用餐规模会扩大,以容纳这些来访的亲戚。2.A根据空前“parents got home after dinner or even.”可知,此处和上文形成转折关系,即父母会在晚饭时间之后回家,甚至是错过一整个晚上。3.B设空处上文提到“I knew some friends whose parents got home afterdinner or eventhe entire eve
44、ning”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的亲子时光。4.D根据空前的“quality time”可知,餐桌旁见证了“我”人生中无数珍贵的瞬间。5.A结合空前“kitchen table,which witnessed countless valuableinmy life”与下文“They have been left towith babysitters”可知,作者小时候可以和父母共进晚餐,但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐,因此形成转折关系。6.B全文围绕“一家人共进晚餐”这个话题展开,所以这里指“吃饭”。7.D设空前的内容是作者和丈夫无法陪孩子共进晚餐,空后内容是他们经常晚餐时间后才结束工作
45、,由此推知,作者和丈夫有着要求很高的工作。8.B根据上文“And we often end up staying at the office way pastdinnertime.When this happens too often”可知,当父母总是无法陪孩子用餐时,就会打乱家中的平衡。9.C联系上文“They have been left towith babysitters more timesthan I would like to admit.”可知,“我”因不能与孩子共进晚餐而感到愧疚。10.B根据下文“chat”“bedtime reading”和“big breakfast r
46、outine everySaturday”可知,作者是在创造自己的方式与孩子度过亲子时光。11.D根据空前“there are days when Im too busy to share a meal with myfamily”可知,有时候“我”无法和家人一起用餐,所以“我”会努力弥补失去的亲子时光。12.C根据空前“I would make efforts toand chat later”可知,“我”会有意识地收起手机,避免外界的干扰。13.D根据上文“when Im too busy to share a meal with my family”可知,这让作者认为与孩子的睡前阅读时光
47、更加甜蜜。14.A根据空前内容“My husband serves as the head chef”可知,作者的丈夫作为主厨,儿子辅助父亲完成早餐。15.C根据空前“I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly”和下文“Iam happy to have so many wonderful things on my plate.”可知,此处指儿子们会离开家。.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。After being busy for half a year,my parents decided t
48、o drive me to a scenic spot outside the city to have fun.Joyfully,we planned our driving route.Then,on a December Saturday morning,my dad started his car and we set off with great expectations.Before long,we left the noisy city and came to the mountains.There were few vehicles on the road and the tr
49、ees alongside were pretty.We felt so excited!As a few hours passed,we drove onto a narrow road.And minutes later,we found a river not far away from the road.The beach was very wide,and we wanted to have a rest there for a while.So my dad turned our car and drove towards it.Soon,we were driving on th
50、e sandy beach.Moments later,our car wheels were struggling in the increasingly soft sand.But my dad wanted to get closer to the river.Before he regretted it,our car had got stuck in the sand.My dad tried to turn around or move back,but the car didnt move.We were worried,trapped in the middle of nowh
51、ere.Even worse,it began raining and was cold.We got out of the car and tried to push it,but failed.After a couple of minutes,we were tired and our hair and coats were a little wet.But the car only sank further into the sand.Anxiously,we walked to the road,eager to stop a vehicle and let it help pull
52、 our car out of the sand.Our coats and hair were wetter and wetter.Before the journey,we hadnt prepared umbrellas or carried any food.Now,we were hungry and cold,standing in the rain.After waiting for a long time,there wasnt one vehicle passing.Just when we were helpless,we saw a farmhouse not far a
53、way.“Can they help us?”I asked.My dad was doubtful.Still,we reached there,and found it was a big family.They seemed poor and unfriendly.My dad told them our problem and begged them to help us pull our car out.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。To our surprise,they nodded without thinking._My dad was so gra
54、teful that he handed some money to the family to thank them._ To our surprise,they nodded without thinking.They quickly found some ropes and tools.And they all,including a sixty-year-old man,two tall sons,their wives and several cheerful children,followed us.When reaching the beach,some of us pushed
55、 the car while others pulled it out with all strength.We tried hard,but the car didnt move.Just then,my father saw that many faces of this family were covered with sweat,but they didnt leave.Finally,after we tried many times,the car was pulled out of the sand.My dad was so grateful that he handed so
56、me money to the family to thankthem.However,they refused.Instead,they invited us to have a meal and offered to dry our coats.At their insistence,we returned to their home again,where the women went to prepare the meal while the men lit a big fire using firewood.The family offered us clean coats and hung our wet ones near the fire.We sat around the fire,and soon felt warm.Later,we enjoyed their delicious meal.That experience made me know that there are many helpful people who dont expect anything in return.
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