1、Unit 2核心素养了解语言学习的重要性, 认识语言在社会中的作用高考链接2018全国卷C; 2017浙江高考C; 2017全国卷. 话题与高考阅读理解(2018全国卷 C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) gr
2、oups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become fa
3、rmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused man
4、y languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken
5、by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a
6、 mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexi
7、co (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展, 很多语言逐渐消失。1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B.
8、 They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers. . . they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them. 可知, 在狩猎时代虽然人口很少, 但语言种类很多。2. Which of the following best explains “dominant” und
9、erlined in Paragraph 2? A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over意为“越来越占据统治地位”, 可知dominant意为“占优势的; 占支配地位的”, 与C项同义。3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6, 800. B. About 3, 400. C. About 2, 400. D. Abou
10、t 1, 200. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The median number of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6, 800 languages可知答案为B。4. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles
11、 are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展, 语言的种类越来越少, 故C项为正确答案。 猜测词义的五大技巧技巧1利用构词法技巧2利用逻辑关系技巧3利用语法关系, 如同位语、定语从句、下定义、设问、举例和标点等技巧4利用生活常识和文化背景技巧5利用上下文语境以本文第2题为例, 根据策略解题如下: Step 1 根据举例内容猜测
12、词义根据举例: 比如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐占据主导地位, 所以, 这些占主导地位的语言都属于dominant languages, 由此猜测画线词的意思与“占据主导地位”一致。Step 2比较选项找出最佳答案尝试解答: C话题词汇language; speech; development; distribution; spoken; speaker短语settle down; take over; at present; account for熟词新义settled v. (过去式)解决, 定居; adj. 固定的, 稳定的(新)微语法填空10, 000 years ago, when
13、the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them. But with people 1. _(settle) down in certain places, their languages too became more settled and 2. _(few) in number. With the 3. _(develop) of technology and globalization, people began to communicate
14、using only several 4. _(language). That caused many lesser-known languages 5. _(disappear). The distribution of present languages 6. _(be) hugely uneven. Mild zones have 7. _(relative) more people and fewer languages, 8. _ hot, wet zones have fewer people and more languages, each of 9. _ is spoken b
15、y small numbers. When fewer and fewer people use a language, it will disappear at last and 10. _ trend is continuing. 1. 【解析】settling。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构, people 与settle之间为主动关系, 故用现在分词形式。2. 【解析】fewer。根据上文的more settled可知, few 也应用比较级形式。3. 【解析】development。with后面要用名词作宾语, 另外, the后面一般跟名词。4. 【解析】language
16、s。several后面要用可数名词的复数。5. 【解析】to disappear。此处为cause sb. to do sth. 结构, 宾语补足语要用不定式。6. 【解析】is。本句主语为distribution而非languages。所以be动词要用单数形式。7. 【解析】relatively。句意:温和地区人口相对较多。形容词more 需要用副词来修饰。8. 【解析】while。上下文之间是对比转折关系, 应用while。9. 【解析】which。each of which引导定语从句。10. 【解析】the。本句特指“这种趋势”, 应用定冠词the。. 话题与高考写作 (2017全国卷
17、) 假定你是李华, 正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括: 1. 时间和地点; 2. 内容: 学习唐诗; 3. 课前准备: 简要了解唐朝的历史。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 3. 尽量使用本单元学到的词汇和短语。Step 1 要点写作根据汉语提示补全句子。我很高兴你能说一口流利的汉语。下次我们要利用唐诗来学习中国文学。I am glad that you are already fluent in speaking Chinese. Next time we will learn Chinese litera
18、ture by making use of Tang poetry. 那是因为唐诗被认为是中国传统文学和中国文化的基础之一, 所以你有必要掌握它。That is because Tang poetry is recognized as one of the bases of Chinese traditional literature and Chinese culture, so its necessary for you to have a good command of it. 我们将在我的公寓里, 在星期天的早晨8点学习, 为了学好唐诗, 我要求你在上课前阅读有关唐朝的资料。Well
19、learn in my apartment at eight on Sunday morning and to learn Tang poetry well, youre requested to read about the Tang Dynasty before class. 如果你感到迷惑, 你可以提出任何问题, 我们会当面讨论。You can come up with any questions if they puzzle you, and we will discuss them face to face. 我相信你会慢慢喜欢上唐诗的。Im sure you will enjoy
20、Tang poetry gradually. Step 2 句式升级将中的两个句子合并为一个表因果关系的句子I am glad that you are already fluent in speaking Chinese, so next time we will learn Chinese literature by making use of Tang poetry. 用定语从句改写中的句子You can come up with any questions that puzzle you, and we will discuss them face to face. Step 3 组句
21、成篇适当运用关联词串连以上句子。_【参考范文】Dear Leslie, I am glad that you are already fluent in speaking Chinese, so next time we will learn Chinese literature by making use of Tang poetry. That is because Tang poetry is recognized as one of the bases of Chinese traditional literature and Chinese culture, so its neces
22、sary for you to have a good command of it. Well learn in my apartment at eight on Sunday morning and to learn Tang poetry well, youre requested to read about the Tang Dynasty before class. You can come up with any questions that puzzle you, and we will discuss them face to face. Im sure you will enjoy Tang poetry gradually. Yours, Li Hua关闭Word文档返回原板块
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