1、Section Learning about Language bent adj. 弯曲的(教材P35)My glasses are bent because I left them on my bed and then sat on them.我的眼镜弯了，因为我把它放在床上，坐在上面了。Just as the twig is bent, the tree is inclined.弯曲的树苗长成弯曲的树。bend v弯曲；使弯曲；屈服；屈从；集中于n.弯曲；弯道bend over 弯腰；俯身bend to.向屈服bend ones mind to.把心思集中到上be bent on/upon
2、 一心想；热衷于He bent the wire into the shape of a square.他把铁丝折成正方形。The branch bent but didnt break when the boy climbed along it.那男孩爬上树枝时，树枝弯曲了，但是没有折断。Joyce is bent on buying a new house.乔伊斯一心想买一套新住房。完成句子母亲不得不俯身抱起小孩。Mother had to _ to pick up the child.他们拒绝屈从于劫机者的要求。They refused to _ the hijackers demand
3、s.我一心一意想遨游世界。My thoughts were _ seeing the world.他全力以赴地做这个研究课题。He _ the research project.【答案】bend overbend tobent on bent his mind to acquisition n. 获得；习得(教材P35)Some three hundred educators attended a seminar on second language acquisition.大约300名教育者参加了一个关于第二语言学习的研讨会。Life is a process about the acqui
4、sition of knowledge, wealth and happiness.生命就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。acquire vt. 获得；取得acquired adj. 已获得的；已取得的He will acquire the right to permanent residency here.他将获得这里的永久居住权。Smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.抽烟喝酒的嗜好并不与生俱来，而是后天养成的。完成句子他懂一些幼儿语言习得的理论。He knows some theori
5、es of child language_.我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。We should _ more firsthand information.【答案】acquisitionacquire虚拟语气一、 条件句中的虚拟语气1条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 将来动词过去式(be用were)should 动词原形were to 动词原形 would/should/might/could 动词原形现在动词过去式(be通常用 were
6、)would/should/might/could 动词原形过去had 动词过去分词would/should/might/could have 动词过去分词If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr.
7、Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到李先生了。2运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engin
8、eer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是一名工程师了。If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果不是天下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下
9、文或其他方式来判断。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.我本该来看你的，然而我太忙了。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气，从句谓语为： should 动词原形。并且 should不能省略。如：She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。(2) 在so that, in order that所引
10、导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/may/could/might/will/would/should动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。2让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗再世也救不了他。(2)在whate
11、ver, whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：may动词原形(指现在或将来)。We will finish it on time no matter what/whatever may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。may完成式(指过去)，主句结构不限。You mustnt be proud whatever/no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。(3)在
12、though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although/Though he should often be late, he is a good student.尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。3方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去式(be通常用were )发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should动词原形They began to talk
13、warmly as if they had known each other for long.他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。4原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：should动词原形(指现在或将来)。He was angry that you should call him by name.他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
14、should完成式， 指过去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam.我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求), order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)动词原形。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use o
15、f every minute here.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。但是，当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”；suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在这次考试中成功了。2英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气
16、结构发生在主句动作之前(1)had过去分词(2)would/could/might/shouldhave过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去式(be通常用were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should动词原形I wish I learnt English well.我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him.他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。3英语中，would rather, had rath
17、er, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had过去分词现在过去式(be通常用were ) 将来过去式(be通常用were ) Id rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you came here tomorrow.我倒想你明天来这儿。四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气
18、，其虚拟语气的结构为： should动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。句型：(1)It is admirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/ advisable/ annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/important/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/natural/.that.(2) It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/.that.(3)
19、 It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/.that.(4) It worries me that.It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.我们先把功课学好很重要。It is strange that he should not come.很奇怪，他竟不来了。It is a pity that we should not meet tomorrow.真遗憾我们明天不能见面了。注：在it is/wasadj.that主语中，从句有时用should have done st
20、h.表示从句是指过去的动作。It is quite natural that she should have got angry.她(那时)当然会生气。五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice，desire，decision，idea，instruction，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) 动词原形。如：We follow
21、ed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high/about) time that主语动词的过去式/should动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up
22、 my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该去上班了。.完成句子1谢谢你上周努力的工作，要是没有你，我们不可能做完。Thank you for all your hard work last week.We _2医生说在大吃大喝以后不要游泳。The doctor recommended that _ after eating a large meal.3这种打印机质量优良，如果在第一年出了毛病，我们将承担维修费用。This printer is of good quality，if _
23、within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.4现在到了我们停止工作而要吃晚饭的时间了。Its high time that _ and _ now.5教师建议家长为了安全起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。Teachers advise parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.【答案】1.could not have managed it without you 2you should not swim3.it sho
24、uld break down4.we stopped our work；had supper5.not allow.用所给动词的适当形式填空1If you had come yesterday, you _ (see) her.2Had you worked hard before, you _ (be) a manager in this company now.3He talked about Canada as if he _ (be) there.4The order was that all the passengers _(leave) the airport in case of
25、 a terrorist attack.5Its necessary that everyone _ (respect) nowadays.6Her reluctant smile on her face suggested she _ (be) unsatisfied with the experiment result.7Its high time that we _ (have) a break.8I would rather that he _ (not call) me that night.9Last week our manager offered his advice to us that we _ (finish) the work on time.10If it _ (be) rain tomorrow, I would not call on you.【答案】1.would have seen2.would be3.had been4.(should) leave5.(should) be respected6.was7.had8.hadnt called9.should finish10.were to/should be/were