1、吉林市2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练精品题（6）及答案【深圳市2014高考英语综合能力测试题（5）】DAs global temperatures rise, so do our levels of hostility(敌意) and violence, according to a new study.Scientists from the University of California, Berkeley and Princeton University discovered a strong link between change in climate and human viole
2、nce around the world. The study found that even minor climate deviations, such as slight changes in normal temperature and rainfall, can greatly increase the risk of conflict. The link between climate variations and violent behavior was noted on a small scale - in one-on-one crimes like attack or mu
3、rder - as well as on a much grander scale involving riots (暴乱) or civil war.Unlike previous similar studies, this project combined data and evidence from a larger number of fields such as economics; political science, geography, psychology and archeology, according to Professor Edward Miguel from th
4、e University of California, Berkeley.Climate change that researchers explored included temperature as well as rainfall - from very low rainfall and drought conditions to extreme amounts of rainfall.The scientists say their findings could have critical implications for understanding the impact of fut
5、ure climate change on human societies. The global temperature will increase by at least 2 Celsius over the next half century.The researchers compared extensive data spanning from ancient times until today. Collecting more material than any prior study did, the researchers were able to show that the
6、Earths climate plays a more influential role in human affairs than previously thought.Among the historical correlations, researchers found the case of the advanced Mayan civilization which was established around 2,000 BC in what is now Mexico and Central America. Some scholars say this Mesoamerican
7、(中美洲的) civilization peaked from 250 AD to 900 AD, when it mysteriously declined.Scientists and historians, including those involved in this study, theorize that climate change may have had a lot to do with the Mayan decline and failure.41. From the first paragraph, we can know that_. A. if it snows
8、heavily, there will be a conflict B. enemies dislike global temperatures C. violence has nothing to do with the climate D. warmer climate is linked to increased human violence42. The underlined word deviations in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _. A. differences B. measures C. increases D. risk
9、s43. According to Professor Edward Miguel_. A. the former studies include a larger number of fields B. the former studies include a small number of fields C. the present study includes a small number of fields D. the present study has nothing to do with the previous ones44. How long has Mayan civili
10、zation been at its peak? A. 2,900 years. B. 1,150 years. C. 900 years. D. 650 years.45. It can be inferred from the passage that some civilizations declined due to_. A. civil war B. violent behavior C. climate change D. extreme amounts of rainfall【参考答案】41-45 DABDC最新研究发现全球气候上升可能会导致冲突、战争甚至灭绝。41. D。细节理
11、解题。根据第一段中.so do our levels of hostility and violence得知。42. A。词义猜测题。根据划线后部分及同义词change，variations得知。43. B。 推理判断题。根据第四段中Unlike previous similar studies, this project combined data and evidence from a larger number of fields.得知。44. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中.this Mesoamerican civilization peaked from 250 AD to 90
12、0 AD得知。45. C。推理判断题。通读全文特别是最后一段可推理出答案。阅读理解People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to
13、 each other, to solve a problemThey had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computersDrJohnson said, “They told their partners four times as m
14、uch about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to faceWhen the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation” Generally the information was not extremely personalIt was mainly about thing
15、s such as where they went to school, or where they used to liveBut some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiencesDrJohnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselvesAnd when they do this, they become more open , especially if there are no cameras“
16、If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourselfThis is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of youSo emailing has become the modern way of talking” said DrJohnsonHowever, this style of talking is not entirely new“In the 19th century people start
17、ed to use the telegraph to communicateNow the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely” DrJohnson thinks that e-mailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company“If you dont know about it, you could find yourself saying
18、 more about yourself than you wanted to ”17The subject discussed in this passage is Ahow people open up when emailing Bhow people do research studies Chow to communicate at work Dhow to discuss and solve a problem 18The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that Athey didnt talk
19、 about very personal things Bthey couldnt see each other Cthe cameras on the computers were turned on Dthey had to discuss a question 19What do the underlined words （in para4） refer to?AThe telegraphBThe computerCEmailingDFace-to-face talk20In the writers opinion, one should Afocus on oneself when e
20、mailing Btalk more freely in email than usual Cdiscuss any subject that one wants to Dconsider how one uses email at work 【参考答案】E) ABCD阅读理解My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen（牛） that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk
21、 behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as h
22、ard as I could. Ive never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didnt want to work.I was only six years old, but I was doing a mans job. Ou
23、r family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem
24、(自尊心), one of the most important things a person can have. When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I wo
25、uld lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle. The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I
26、dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.46. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _. A. difficult B. b
27、oring C. interesting D. unusual47. The writer learned that_ from his first job. A. he should work for those who he liked most B. he should work longer than what he was expected C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for48 _ g
28、ave the writer self-esteem. A. Having a family of eight people B. Owning his own golf course C. Bringing money back home to help the family D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. He wanted to be a successful gol
29、fer. B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house. C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation. D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.参考答案-46-49、 BDCA 维A1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：The Scottish government has raised its target for sourcing electricity fro
30、m renewable energy by 30 percentage points.Three years ago，it set out to achieve 50% from green power within 10 years.But new industry research suggested that the countrys renewable energy potential was bigger than thought.First Minister Alex Salmond has now announced that the government is setting
31、a new target of 80% of electricity from renewables by 2020.He said: “We are already on the path to a low carbon economyScotland gets nearly a quarter of its electricity from green sources.”“Scotland is ideally placed to help lead the renewables revolution and thinking of the levels of planned invest
32、ment over the next decade.” “I believe it is now time to aim higher and to go further.”An independent analysis was commissioned by Scottish Renewables into the countrys renewable energy potential，which includes power drawn from wind，tidal，wave and hydro turbines，and energy from waste.It said the 200
33、7 target of sourcing 50% of power needs from green sources within 10 years could easily be reached.It said it should reach 31% by next year，and there are several large projects which have already won approval and will come_on_stream after that.At a conservative estimate of increased generation and r
34、educed demand，the country could have 81% renewable electricity within a decade，consultants Garrad Hassan claimed.With more ambitious assumptions about investment and consumption，renewables could provide 123% of Scotlands power needs.The surplus could be used for exports，requiring improved connectors
35、 out of Scotland.Notes：commission vt.委任；委托turbine n涡轮surplus n盈余长短句分析：An independent analysis was commissioned by Scottish Renewables into the countrys renewable energy potential，which includes power drawn from wind，tidal，wave and hydro turbines，and energy from waste.句法点睛：这是一个比较复杂的复合句。“into the coun
36、trys renewable energy potential”为介词短语，修饰analysis，而后面的which引导的定语从句也修饰analysis。句意：一项独立的对再生能源的潜力的分析由英格兰再生能源组织委托。再生能源的潜力包括从风、潮汐、波浪和水涡中获得的能量，以及从废物中获得的能源。【语篇解读】 在过去的几年里，苏格兰的绿色能源已经产生了非常好的效果，原来预计的未来十年增长50%将改为80%。分析表明，苏格兰有巨大的绿色能源，如果将来苏格兰产生123%的国家所需能量，他们将把这些绿色能源出口，这将大大改善苏格兰与其他国家的合作。 1Whats the best title of t
37、he passage?ANew target for Scottish renewable energyBPlan for the usage of renewable energy in ScotlandCHope for a low carbon economyDRenewables in great need in Scotland答案A主旨大意题。全文讲述了苏格兰在绿色能源使用上取得初步成就后，订立新的目标，将低碳绿色能源进行到底的事情。B有一定的干扰性，联系全文可知，苏格兰已经实现了原来制定的使用绿色能源的目标，现在将未来十年的目标由原来的50%提高到80%。2From what F
38、irst Minister Alex Salmond said we can infer _.AScotland wants to be the top country using green sourcesBScotland is short of exportsCin the past Scotland didnt use renewable energyDScotland doesnt want to invest on green sources答案A推理判断题。联系他说的“Scotland is ideally placed to help lead the renewables r
39、evolution”可知，他的目标是苏格兰在绿色能源使用上处于领先地位。3What does the underlined phrase “come on stream” mean in the 10th paragraph? ASail on the river. BBe discussed.CBe put to an end to. DBe carried out. 答案D词义理解题。联系前面的“have already won approval”可知，一些工程项目已经得到支持，下一步就是实施，因此D项最佳。4What can we see from the last paragraph?AScotland wants to save some energy.BScotland will produce more renewables for other countries.CScotland will broaden its peoples daily product consumption.DScotland will need more foreign investment.答案B主旨大意题。联系文章最后一句“The surplus could be used for exports”可知，未来苏格兰将产生国家所需要的123%的绿色能源，而盈余部分将用于出口。