1、二十二 必修5Unit 2The United Kingdom(限时35分钟).阅读理解AJeremy from America cannot understand why a lady he met outside the Hyde Park in London said,“Ooh,isnt it cold?”,and he thinks of this behaviour as a distinctively English concern about the weather.In fact,the female was just trying to strike up a convers
2、ation with Jeremy.Not necessarily a long conversation just an exchange of greetings.It is not always quite that obvious,but all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted according to unwritten but accepted rules.The unpredictable nature of our weather ensures that there is
3、 always something new to comment on,or perhaps most importantly,agree about.We have already established that weather-speak greetings like“Cold,isnt it?”require the response expressing agreement,as in“Yes,isnt it?”.It would be very rude to respond with“No,actually its quite mild.”or“Its pretty hot to
4、 me.”If you deliberately break the rule,you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather tense and awkward.There may be an uncomfortable silence.Most likely,they will either change the subject or continue talking about the weather among themselves politely,if coldly,ignoring your faux pas.There is,h
5、owever,one situation in which English weather-speakers are not required to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument,particularly the pub-argument.In the special environment of the pub,constant disagreement not just on the weather,but on everything else as well is a mea
6、ns of expressing friendship.While we may spend much of our time complaining about our weather,foreigners are not allowed to criticize it.Indeed,this brings us to the weather as family rule.In this respect,we treat the English weather like a member of our family:one can complain about the behavior of
7、 ones own children or parents,but any blame from an outsider is unacceptable.The weather may be one of the few things about which the English are still unconsciously and unashamedly patriotic(爱国的).【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述英国人在谈论天气时是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的,谈论天气是英国人一种独有的情怀。1.Why did the lady comment on the weathe
8、r to Jeremy?A.To build up friendship.B.To begin a casual chat.C.To send seasonal greetings.D.To express dissatisfaction.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In fact,the female was just trying to strike up a conversation with Jeremy.Not necessarily a long conversation just an exchange of greetings.”可知,实际上这名女性只是想与Jer
9、emy搭一下话。不必是长时间的对话,只是互相问好。因此这位女士对Jeremy评论天气是为了开始一个随便的聊天。2.What does the underlined phrase“faux pas”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Improper response.B.Careless attitude.C.Rude interruption.D.Frequent complaint.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知,天气的不可预测性确保我们始终有新的东西可以评论,或者说最重要的是要达成对天气的共识。由此可知,人们在谈论天气时,双方往往会有一致的看法。
10、由第二段倒数二、三句可知,如果你故意违反规则,你会发现气氛变得非常紧张和尴尬。可能会有不舒服的沉默。因此说话双方就要做出选择,即下文的“他们很可能会改变话题,或者继续礼貌地谈论天气”。如果对话氛围不好的话,他们自然会忽略你的回应。因此,这说明你的回应是不合适的,即违背了人们默认的规则。即画线短语意为“不当的回应”。3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Male bonding in pubs.B.Argument about weather.C.Exception to the agreement rule.D.Making friends by disag
11、reement.【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第三段中的“There is,however.as well is a means of expressing friendship.”可知,有一种情况下,英国谈论天气的人不需要遵守规则,这是发生在男人小圈子里的,尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊环境中,天气上的不断的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表达友谊的一种手段。即第三段主要讲的是遵守天气对话规则的例外。4.What is the best title for this text?A.Politeness Tips for ForeignersB.Accepted Rules in Social Li
12、feC.English Politeness in Weather ConversationD.Hidden Rules of English Weather Conversation【解析】选D。标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted according to unwritten but accepted rules.”可知,所有关于天气的对话都是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的。文章接下来具体地对该规则进行了解释,因此本文的最佳标题是“英国人天
13、气对话的潜规则”。【知识拓展】词汇积累distinctively区别地;strike up a conversation with攀谈;not necessarily未必;unpredictable不可预测的;mild温和的;deliberately故意地;tense and awkward紧张并尴尬的;male-bonding argument男人一致认同的论点;unconsciously无意识地;unashamedly不加羞耻地长难句分析There is,however,one situation in which English weather-speakers are not requ
14、ired to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument,particularly the pub-argument.分析:and连接两个分句,其中前半句是定语从句,先行词为situation,引导词in which。翻译:然而,有一种情形,在英国谈论天气的人被要求可以不遵守这个一致规则,这就是男性之间达成一致的一种看法,尤其体现在酒吧的争论上。B(2021长沙模拟)The royal family is filled with rules,and one in particular migh
15、t explain why Princess Charlotte is a princess,but her kids likely wont be.When it comes to the British royal family,one thing is almost always true:they have a pretty confusing set of official rules and protocols.For instance,the royal family doesnt have a last name.And dont forget the fact that Qu
16、een Elizabeth celebrates two birthdays every year.If your head isnt swimming yet,consider the tradition of royal titles.As a British custom,only the daughter of a prince or a princes wife may be considered a formal“princess”.The latter applies to Kate,who is both a princess and the Duchess of Cambri
17、dge thanks to her marriage to Prince William,the Duke of Cambridge.And their children,Prince George and Princess Charlotte,also bear official royal titles because their father is Prince William.However,while Prince Georges future children will also carry their fathers royal status,any children that
18、Princess Charlotte has will not automatically be considered princes or princesses.Why?Royal custom dictates that royal titles are passed down via sons,but not daughters.“Royal titles are inherited through sons,so if Princess Charlotte has children they would not automatically inherit the titles(his
19、or her royal highness)HRH,Prince,or Princess,”Lucy Hume,associate director of etiquette experts Debretts,told Town&Country.Of course,exceptions can(and will!)be made.(Learn about every time the British royal family broke their own protocol.)The Queen has offered HRH status to other royal offspring i
20、n the past,including the children of Queen Elizabeths daughter,Anne.Although Princess Anne and her husband,Captain Phillips,declined,perhaps Princess Charlotte will be extended the same offer when her own children are born.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗,只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会
21、自动被视为王子或公主。因为王室习俗规定王室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。5.Whats the meaning of the underlined word“protocols”in the second paragraph?A.Promise.B.Behavior.C.Manners.D.Connection.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。画线词和之前的rules是并列的,因此在词义上与rules(规则)接近,根据第二段中的“For instance,the royal family doesnt have a last name.And dont forget the fact that Q
22、ueen Elizabeth celebrates two birthdays every year.”可知,王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日,这是一种“规矩”。该句是在解释rules和protocols,因此画线词的意思是“规矩”。promise承诺;behavior行为;manners规矩,风俗;connection联系。6.What kind of child is regarded as“princess”?A.The son of a princess.B.The daughter of a prince.C.The daughter of a princess.D.T
23、he wife of a king.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a British custom,only the daughter of a prince or a princes wife may be considered a formal princess.”可知,按照英国的习俗,只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。7.Who is Charlottes father?A.Prince George.B.Elizabeth.C.Prince William.D.Captain Phillips.【解析】选C。
24、细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Prince George and Princess Charlotte,also bear official royal titles because their father is Prince William.”可知,乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔,因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。8.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A.Any person can break traditional rules.B.Not every person must obey traditional
25、 rules.C.Any British royal family member has their own title.D.Maybe the British royal family will break their own rules.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,当然,可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代,包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份(注:HRH身份指的是王室身份中的王子或公主),但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是:也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有
26、正式的王室头衔。【知识拓展】词汇积累royal皇家的;protocol协议;your head is swimming头脑眩晕;bear official titles携带官方头衔;dictate决定;etiquette礼仪;make exceptions做出例外;offspring后代.完形填空Itd 1been climbed by local and foreign men,and local women,but a Western female,whod 2unaccompanied and wanted to climb the mountain,was quite 3.I expl
27、ained that Id been4for some timein research and in physical strengthand showed them the 5I had got from their government authorizing my climb.I stressed that Id be very 6to keep their local traditions and hire one of their villagers as a guide,but it seemed to do little to reduce their 7.The male vi
28、llagers told me that the“quick mud”Id meet would swallow me.While they couldnt remember anyone this bad actually8,they seemed convinced it was a real 9.The village women,however,smiled at me,indicating their 10for my climb.The men11relaying stories of unpredictable danger.However,I was 12because my
29、aunts words kept 13in my earsthe greatest risk is not taking a risk,and we should always 14our dreams.Eventually,the men agreed to an 15that seemed to put them at ease with my climb.Besides the local guide Id hire,they also 16me to hire three guards with guns,for protection.As I started walking down
30、 the dirt path toward the mountain,I was 17not only by my new mountain support team,but also by every village woman.They danced in circles around us as if in 18of a victory.I knew I wasnt the first Western female to make the climb.But with the women villagers19me,I felt a strong sense of 20.And I su
31、spected they felt the same.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者独自来到一个偏远的非洲村庄,想要攀登附近的一座大山,男村民们都极力反对,不过女村民都表示支持。作者之所以下定决心是因为她姑姑的话一直在她耳边回响:最大的风险是不去冒险,我们要追随自己的梦想。最终,男村民们也表示同意,作者在村民们的欢呼中出发了。1.A.formallyB.surelyC.especiallyD.fortunately【解析】选B。我是一个西方女人,作为一名外国来的女性想要爬这座山,村民们不免感到担忧,结合文章可知,这座山肯定(surely)是当地的男性和女性以及外来的男性才攀登。2.A.ach
32、ievedB.wanderedC.exploredD.arrived【解析】选D。结合上文a Western female 和空格后 unaccompanied and wanted to climb the mountain 可知,我作为一名西方女性,在无人陪伴的情况下来到(arrive)这里,并且想爬一座山。3.A.rareB.typicalC.disgustingD.ridiculous【解析】选A。rare罕见的;typical典型的;disgusting厌恶的;ridiculous荒谬的。结合空格所在句中可知,我作为一名西方的女性,在无人陪伴的情况下想要爬这座山,而以往爬山的都是本地
33、的男性女性村民或者外来的男性,因此可以推断出,我一个西方女性独自爬这座山,这是十分罕见的。4.A.consultingB.attemptingC.preparingD.operating【解析】选C。结合空格所在句中 in research and in physical strength 可知,我做了调查研究和体力方面的准备。5.A.rewardB.invitationC.commandD.permit【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中 I had got from their government authorizing my climb 可知,我得到了他们政府的许可,授权我攀登。6.A.ge
34、nerousB.pleasedC.curiousD.satisfied【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中 keep their local traditions and hire one of their villagers as a guide 可知,保留他们当地的传统,并聘请他们的一名村民作为向导,这对我爬山是有利的,因此我很乐意。7.A.concernsB.thrillsC.surprisesD.problems【解析】选A。结合第三段第一句可知,男村民告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”将会把我吞没。由此可以看出,即使我雇当地村民为向导,也不能减轻他们对我的担忧。8.A.led toB.appeale
35、d toC.happened toD.belonged to【解析】选C。led to导致;appealed to呼吁;恳求;happened to发生;belonged to属于。结合上文可知,男村民们告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”会把我吞没。这里表示转折,意为然而他们记不起有谁真正发生过这么糟糕的事。9.A.bargainB.dilemmaC.challengeD.possibility【解析】选D。bargain交易;dilemma困境;challenge挑战;possibility可能性。结合空格所在句中 they seemed convinced it was a real 可知,村民们似
36、乎确信quick mud 吞人是真的有可能。10.A.fancyB.supportC.praiseD.admiration【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中 The village women,however,smiled at me 可知,然而,村里的妇女对我微笑,并且转折表示与男人态度不一样,所以这微笑显示了她们对我的支持(support)。11.A.finishedB.enjoyedC.continuedD.suggested【解析】选C。男村民们告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”会把我吞没。由此可知,男人们是不支持我去登山的。他们继续向我讲述不可预测的危险故事。12.A.determinedB.an
37、noyedC.delightedD.embarrassed【解 析】选 A。determined坚 决 的;annoyed恼 怒 的;delighted高 兴 的;embarrassed尴尬的。我姑姑的话一直在我耳边回响最大的风险就是不冒险。由此可知,由于姑姑的话语,我下定了决心,要冒险去爬这座山。13.A.alarmingB.ringingC.breakingD.exploding【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中 my aunts words kept.in my ears 可知,姑姑的话语一直在我耳边回响,表示对我的激励。14.A.observeB.rememberC.chooseD.fol
38、low【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中 my aunts words kept ringing in my ears the greatest risk is not taking a risk 可知,我姑姑的话一直在我耳边回响最大的风险就是不冒险。所以姑姑是在鼓励我要追随梦想。15.A.arrangementB.outcomeC.exchangeD.explanation【解析】选A。结合下文可知,除了我要雇的当地向导,他们还希望我雇三个带枪的保镖来保护自己。可知,村里做了另外的一项安排符合题意,这项安排似乎让他们对我的攀登感到放心。16.A.warnedB.allowedC.wishedD.
39、reminded【解析】选C。结合空格所在句中 hire three guards with guns,for protection 可知,村民们希望我去雇三个带枪的保镖来保护自己,符合文意。17.A.joinedB.expectedC.comfortedD.appreciated【解析】选A。结合空格所在句中 not only by my new mountain support team,but also by every village woman 可知,我得到了登山支援小组和村里妇女的支持。因此加入的不仅是山地支援小组,还有村里的妇女。18.A.defenseB.searchC.pos
40、sessionD.celebration【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中的 a victory 可知,我们好像是在庆祝胜利。in celebration of 为固定搭配,意为庆祝。19.A.helpingB.teachingC.accompanyingD.protecting【解析】选C。根据上文的by my new mountain support team,but also by every village woman.可知,和我一道的不仅有我新组成的登山支援小组,还有这个村子里的所有女人。所以可推出,这些女村民们陪着我。20.A.reliefB.accomplishmentC.justi
41、ceD.responsibility【解析】选B。我知道我不是第一个攀登上的西方女性,但是由于有这些女村民们陪伴我,所以我感到一种强烈的成就感。.语法填空(2021武汉模拟)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Today,much of the worlds ocean is still a mystery.Only 5 percent of it 1._(explore)so far.In fact,we know more about some areas of Mars2._some parts of the worlds ocean.New tech
42、nology,however,is helping scientists explore these 3._(hide)worlds.For example,scientists are using 4._underwater vehicle called DeepSea to explore seamounts-underwater mountains.Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas,an area of seamounts near Costa Rica.A huge 5._(vary)of species live ar
43、ound Las Gemelas.Some of these species may have chemicals 6._can help people fight illnesses.The 7._(deep)location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.The ocean floor there is approximately 11,000 meters deep.In 2012,filmmaker and explorer James Cameron reached the Mariana Trench
44、 in a vehicle called DeepSea Challenger.He was the first 8._(complete)the journey alone.Cameron took 9._(photo)and made videos on the ocean floor.DeepSea exploration also helps us in other ways.For example,we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.As Cameron says,“This is the 10._(be
45、gin)of opening up a new frontier.”【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜,然而,新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。文章介绍科学家对地球上最深的地方太平洋的马里亚纳海沟的探索。1.【解析】has been explored。考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句子主语是Only 5 percent of it,单数第三人称,和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系,再根据so far“到目前为止”,可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态。2.【解析】than。考查连词than。根据more可知此处是比较级。3.【解析】hidden。考查过去分词作前
46、置定语。此处worlds和hide之间是被动关系,是过去分词作前置定语。4.【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处underwater读音以元音音素开头,前面加an表示“一种水下的工具”。5.【解析】variety。考查固定词组。a variety of“各种各样的”。所以此处用名词,所给词vary是动词,其名词形式是variety。6.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。此处chemicals是先行词,指物,放在后面的定语从句中作主语,所以由that/which来引导定语从句。7.【解析】deepest。考查形容词最高级。马里亚纳海沟是地球上“最深的”地方,所以这里用形容词最高级。8.【解
47、析】to complete。考查动词不定式作后置定语。固定用法:the first(second.)to do sth.“做某事的第一(第二)个”。此处是动词不定式作后置定语。9.【解析】photos。考查名词复数。固定搭配:take photos“拍照”。10.【解析】beginning。考查名词。分析句子结构the_(begin)of可知the用在名词前面。阅读填句(2021衡水模拟)People may have some unclear memories of their childhood,but almost everyone will remember the beautiful
48、 princess and the cruel queen in Snow White,the innocent little girl and the greedy big gray wolf in Little Red Riding Hood.1For example,“True love can overcome anything”,and“Even a frog can turn into a prince”.However,at a certain age,we start to learn new things about life,particularly that love d
49、oesnt always win,and that a frog is just a frog.2Just look at animated films like The Lion King and Frozen,which have millions of fans young and old.And this years Lucerne Festival in Switzerlanda classical music festivalwill also feature the themes of“Childhood”and“Fairy tales”.“Fairy tales endure
50、because they are the stories of our lives in their most stripped down form,”wrote US author Laura Packer.“They are stories of love and loss,desire and death,riches and ruin.”3But if children only see just one side of reality,adults usually see the other.For example,in the movie Maleficent,were told
51、the tale of Sleeping Beauty from the perspective of the evil queen.4Instead,she suffers great losses growing up,leading to the creation of her“evil”side.And in US author James Finn Gamers book“Politically Correct Bedtime Stories”,he tells the classic story of“Little Red Riding Hood”,but with a moder
52、n touch.5They may usually start with“Once upon a time”but as we grow older,we learn that every story doesnt always need a“happily ever after”to be a good one.A.Fairy tales are all about reality.B.But somehow,our love for fairy tales never dies.C.Most of us get our earliest life lessons from fairy ta
53、les.D.The theme of fairy tales is to teach people courage and kindness.E.Fairy tales have been adapted into versions suitable for children.F.It looks like fairy tales arent just stories our parents read us at bedtime.G.Unlike the childrens version of the story,we see that the queen wasnt born evil.【
54、文章大意】文章主要介绍了人们可能对自己的童年有一些模糊的记忆,但几乎每个人都会记得白雪公主中美丽的公主和残忍的皇后,小红帽中无辜的小女孩和贪婪的大灰狼,我们大多数人都是从童话故事中获得最早的人生经验。1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据前文“People may have some unclear memories of their childhood,but almost everyone will remember the beautiful princess and the cruel queen in Snow White,the innocent little girl and the
55、 greedy big gray wolf in Little Red Riding Hood人们可能对自己的童年有一些模糊的记忆,但几乎每个人都会记得白雪公主中美丽的公主和残忍的皇后,小红帽中无辜的小女孩和贪婪的大灰狼。可知此处应填“我们大多数人都是从童话故事中获得最早的人生经验”。故选C。2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据下文“Just look at animated films like TheLion King and Frozen,which have millions of fans young and old”看看像狮子王和冰雪奇缘这样的动画电影,它们有数百万的年轻和年老的粉丝
56、”。可知此处应填“但不知何故,我们对童话的爱永不消逝”。故选B。3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据前文“They are stories of love and loss,desire and death,riches and ruin.”它们是关于爱与失去、欲望与死亡、财富与毁灭的故事”。可知此处应填“童话都是关于现实的”。故选A。4.【解析】选G。推理判断题。根据前文For example,in the movie Maleficent,were told the tale of Sleeping Beauty from the perspective of the evil queen例
57、如,在电影沉睡魔咒中,我们从邪恶女王的角度讲述了睡美人的故事”。可知此处应填“与儿童版本的故事不同,我们看到女王并非生来邪恶”。故选G。5.【解析】选F。推理判断题。根据下文They may usually start with“Once upon a time”but as we grow older,we learn that every story doesnt always need a“happily ever after”to be a good one他们通常会以“很久很久以前”开始,但是随着我们年龄的增长,我们知道并不是每一个故事都需要“从此幸福快乐”才能成为一个好故事。可知此处应填“看起来童话故事不仅仅是父母在睡前给我们讲的故事”。故选F。本课结束
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