1、2012届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（66-70）附详析 (第66篇)In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, selfhelp books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.Researchers are onl
2、y now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed
3、an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn t well appreciated，” said Rebecca G. Adams,
4、 a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological wellbeing than family relationships.”Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology
5、professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.It isn t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because
6、people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.Last year, research
7、ers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.The students who
8、stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to，” said Karen ARoberto, director of the center for gerontology
9、(老年医学) at Virginia Tech.“ Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”语篇解读如何保持身心健康？相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的，很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素友谊。1What s the main idea of the passage?A. People should make friends as many as possi
10、ble.B. Friendships do great good to human health.C. People with friends have optimistic attitude.D. Several studies have been done on friendships.解析主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。答案B2Which of the following is true?A. People havent attached importance to friendships.B. A friend can replace docto
11、rs and selfhelp books.C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels.D. People who have friends tend to be fat.解析正误判断题。从文章第三段可知，人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。答案A3The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that _.A. students should climb the steep hill with
12、 friendsB. it takes a long time to make friendsC. a friend in need is a friend indeedD. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty解析推理判断题。倒数第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill。”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小，这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐
13、观的心态。答案D4In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us _.A. friendship has a strong physical effect on peoples healthB. we cannot be too careful when making friendsC. older people are likely to have fewer friendsD. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old解析段落大意题。根据本段开头(
14、主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关。答案A5According to Karen A. Roberto, _.A. the effect of friendships is overvaluedB. studies on friendships make our life betterC. friends are more important than family membersD. friends can help each other when faced with problems解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段的第一句可推断出，有问题的时候朋友之间
15、可以相互帮助，A、B、C三项不符合原文。答案D长难句解读1.But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.that引导定语从句，修饰a powerful weapon；该定语从句中有四个并列的谓语动词；their friends和a powerful weapon构成同位关系。2Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology
16、professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.本句中a visiting psychology professor at the University of California，Santa Barbara
17、是Della DePaulo的同位语；whose work focuses on.是定语从句，修饰Bella DePaulo；notes是本句的谓语动词，后面接宾语从句。 (第67篇)“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of Americans expor
18、ts soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969. In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nations pre-school children, from every kind of economic(经济的), racial(种族的), and geographical group. Although some educators ob
19、ject to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program. Tests have show
20、n that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional(偶然的) viewers. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can
21、 watch it regularly. The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than
22、to teaching separate letters. Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other childrens shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories(理论) of its creators, the support by the government and private(私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety o
23、f TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself
24、learning, and he wants to learn more. 1. “Sesame Street” is actually _. A. a street in the US B. a program for childrenC. a program for teachersD. a program for students2. Children who often watch the program _. A. can have problems in schoolB. will find it a great helpC. will take no interest in th
25、eir studiesD. will be well educated3. What is special about the program?A. It offers great fun.B. It makes children feel able to learn. C. It is shown at different hours during the week. D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching. 4. Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?A. Becau
26、se it is supported by the government and businesses. B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks. C. Because mothers watch it along with their children. D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. 5. The best title for this passage can be _.A. TV ProgramsB. Educating Children
27、C. Sesame StreetD. A Great Success本文介绍了电视节目Sesame Street所产生的社会影响及它成功的原因。1. B。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句more than six million children watch the program regularly可推知此题答案为B。2. B。推断题。根据文章第4段第1句Tests have shown that childrenhave benefited from watching it 可推知此题答案为B。3. D。推断题。根据文章第5段第1句The programs all use songs, sto
28、ries, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships可推知此题答案为B。4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn 可推知此题答案为D。5. C。主旨题。本文主要介绍电视节目Sesame Street 所产生的影响及它成
29、功的原因，所以选C。 (第68篇)Ruben lived in a small village. There was no school there and he had to study in a school in the town. It was nearly five kilometres away from his village. His father couldnt buy a bike for him and he had to go to school on foot. He got up early in the morning. Usually he had to run
30、 there in order not to miss the first class. He kept running every day and it was helpful to him. Hes strong and tall now and he ran faster than any other man in his village. He took part in several sports meetings and won some medals. The young man is proud of and always wants to have a race with o
31、thers.One day his mother was ill and his father told him to buy some medicine for headache in the town. The young man got there soon. There were many people in the chemists shop while he was waiting there. And when his turn came, he couldnt find his money. An old woman hinted（暗示）a young man had stol
32、en it. He saw the thief had already left the shop. He ran towards him quickly. The thief found it and began to run. He was happy and tried to catch up with him.“Lets have a race and see who will run faster,” Ruben called out behind.Soon after that he caught up with the thief. But he didnt stop and w
33、ent on running. At a crossing one of his friends asked, “What are you running for, Ruben?”“Im running after（追）a thief. ”“Wheres the thief, then?”“He wants to show that hell run faster than me, but hes fallen behind!”1. Ruben had to run to school because _.A. he had no bikeB. he hoped to win some med
34、alsC. his village was a little far from the school D. he was afraid to be late for class2._ , so he won some medals. A. Ruben is good at runningB. Ruben went to school on timeC. Ruben often took part in the sports meetings.D. Ruben likes to have a race with others3. The phrase “a chemists shop” in t
35、he story means _.A. 化工商店 B. 药店 C. 化工厂 D. 制药厂4. Rubens money was stolen _.A. on his way to the townB. before he went in the shopC. when he was waiting in the shop D. after he had left the shop5. Ruben was happy because _.A. he could easily catch the thiefB. he had a chance（机会）to have a raceC. he knew
36、 who had stolen his money D. he would win another medal that day1. D。细节理解题。在所给的几个原因当中, Ruben怕迟到才是最主要的。2. A。细节理解题。Ruben赢得奖牌是因为他跑得快。3. B。猜测词义题。Ruben要买的是零售药品。自然在药店, 因此, B项是正确选项。4. C。细节理解题。5. B。推理判断题。 (第69篇)1970 was “World Conservation Year”. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world was
37、 in danger. They hoped that the governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are
38、changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives. We cant live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The people who will be living in the worl
39、d of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are hoping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of eleven kilometres of their
40、river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “No, Ones Going to Change our World.” It was made by Scatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.1. There are few plants, trees and flowers in Holland now because _.A. there has
41、 been a lot of conservation in HollandB. Holland does not need so many plants, trees and flowersC. many plants, trees and flowers dont grow there any moreD. some plants, trees and flowers are dangerous2. We shall destroy ourselves if we dont _.A. improve our technology in planting treesB. hear about
42、 the record called “No, Ones Going to Change our World”C. try our best to save the worldD. change the earth3. “No, Ones Going to Change our World.” was _.A. an important book published in 1970B. a record calling on people to conserve natureC. an idea that nobody would acceptD. a rule worked out by t
43、he United States4. What is the most important thing for us to do to save our world?A. We should clean the banks of our rivers.B. We should know what will happen in the future.C. We should know what we should do and do it now.D. We should plant more trees and flowers.5. Whats the main idea of the pas
44、sage?A. 1970 was “World Conservation Year”.B. The United Nations wanted everybody to know that the world is in danger.C. Conservation is necessary.D. It is the young people who are helping to save our world. 1.C。推理判断题。根据第一自然段内容可知。2.C。细节理解题。根据第一自然段最后两句We cant live without these things. If we continue
45、 like this, we shall destroy ourselves.可知。3.B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一自然段倒数第三句Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “No, Ones Going to Change our World. ”可知。4.C。推理判断题。根据文章第二自然段可推出此答案。5.C。主旨大意题。文章最后一自然段中点明了主题：A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. (第70篇)Five years ago, Dav
46、id Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working
47、 harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees t
48、o wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.Why have so many companies started allowing
49、 their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code
50、.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress
51、 has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” 1. David Smith refers
52、to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _.A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtB. he couldnt stand a clean appearanceC. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timeD. he didnt want to spend much money on clothes2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _.A. they mak
53、e him feel at ease when workingB. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothesC. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false? A. Many employees dont like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable cloth
54、es make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.4. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-
55、down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _.A. sa
56、ving employees money B. making employees more attractiveC. improving employees motivation D. making employees happier从20世纪90年代起，美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可领员工穿便装上班了，这对调节他们的心情，调动其工作热情有一定的作用。1. C。语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。2. A。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 “Im working harder than ever,” David s
57、ays, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。3. D。细节判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。4. C。细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正确判断。5. B。推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、B(提高雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。