1、第2讲 形容词、副词和比较等级Step 1 刷透真题明晰技法【高考真题练】.语法填空1.(2020全国卷)The _(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.2.(2019天津高考)No one wants to live an _(extreme)long life with a lot of chronic diseases.3.(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runner
2、s live three years _(long)than non-runners.4.(2018全国卷)He screams the _(loud)of all.beautifulextremelylongerloudest.完成句子1.(2020 天津高考)According to Professor Johnson,we dont have to read the book if we dont want to,as it is _(可选择的).2.(2020江苏高考)The outbreak of COVID-19 has meant an _(突然的变化)in our life a
3、nd work.3.(2020全国卷)Today I tried cooking _(一道简单的菜)myself.4.(2020全国卷)_(待会儿见).optionalabrupt changea simple dishSee you soon1.(2019全国卷)I stopped the ball and _(狠狠地踢)back to the playground.2.(2019全国卷)I _(变得对感兴趣)playing football thanks to a small accident.3.(2018全国卷)_(立刻),I raised my hand.4.(2018天津高考)Mo
4、st of us observed _(多)as children than we do as adults.kicked it hardbecame interested inImmediatelymuch more【微技能点拨】语法填空五谨记1.看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。Step 2 突破重点点拨疑惑考点1 形
5、容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.(作定语)I know he is too optimistic but I dont want to depress him.(作表语)The room was found very dirty.(作主语补足语)Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful.(作宾语补足语)Worried about the
6、journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.(作状语)【点津】(1)通常只作表语的形容词:以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副
7、词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。Whenever we have trouble with our studies,our teachers help us patiently.(作状语)The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools.(作表语)Unfortunately,I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep.(作状语)【点津】(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:表递进besides,further,then
8、,moreover等表结果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表转折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表对比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列举first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表时间meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-
9、ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。考点2 形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:转换方法例词一般情况,在形容词词尾直接加-lyrealreally;helpfulhelpfully以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-lybusybusily;angryangrily;easyeasily以-le结尾,去e直接加yterribleterribly;gentlegently元音字母+e 结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytruetruly转换方法例词其他特殊情况以ll结尾的词只加yfullfully以ic结尾的词加allyautomaticaut
10、omaticallyenergeticenergetically2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes.(形容词)In a few seconds she was wide awake.(副词)【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timel
11、y等。考点3 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成,如hardharderhardest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母,再加-er和-esthothotterhottest 多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。activemore activemost activehappi
12、lymore happilymost happily【点津】少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/wellbetterbestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworst2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”
13、表示。He worked as fast as a qualified technician.【点津】在同级比较中,若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。John is as clever a boy as you wish to meet.两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so+原级+as”。It is not so expensive as you might expect.两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比更”,用“not+比较级+than”。The process of learning and developin
14、g is more important than the outcome.Her pronunciation is as good as,if not better than,her teachers.【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superior to(优于,高于);inferior to(次于);senior to(年长于,地位高于);junior to(地位低于);prior to(早于,较重要于)。三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。Her sons are the most important thin
15、g in her life.(2)特殊用法“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。The harder we work,the more progress we will make.“more+原级+than”表示“与其说不如说”。She looks more asleep than clever.“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非所能;不能”。The beauty of the place is more th
16、an I can describe.“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级I couldnt agree with you any more.表示倍数的三个常用句型a.倍数+as+原级+as.The new building is three times as high as the old one.b.倍数+比较级+than.The new building is twice higher than the old one.c.倍数+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of.The new building is three times the height of
17、 the old one.Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.=Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.3.比较级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,(by)far,a bit等。The theme of the play stood out even more clearly af
18、ter it was revised.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really以及序数词等。I would say that intellect is by far the most important factor.考点4 常用的分词形容词和副词-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/
19、frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。The wine was excellent,but the food was disappointing.We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.【点津】原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为 look(表情),air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(
20、情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。Roger just looked up at him with a surprised look.A hand helped me out of the tree,and a frightened voice asked me if I was badly hurt.【小题快练】.单句语法填空(2020浙江高考)Farming produced more food per person _hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.(2019浙江高考)School unif
21、orms are _(tradition)in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.(2018浙江高考)Eating out once or twice a week may be _(afford)but doing this most days adds up.thantraditionalaffordable(2018全国卷)Running is cheap,easy and its always _(energy).(2018浙江高考)There could be an even _(high)cost on
22、 your health.energetichigher_(obvious),a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.The more support you win from others,the _(fast)you will move toward your goal.I was scanning the restaurant,waiting to sit at the first table that was _(convenient)than others.Obviouslyfastermoreco
23、nvenient.完成句子(2019全国卷)One was that I _(对这个事实感到惊讶)that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.(2020全国卷)_(我肯定)youll have a good time.Over the past few decades,we have developed an amazing network of public transportation._(此外;并且),we have decided to make efforts to make it much bett
24、er.was amazed at the factIm sureBesides/In additionLike most grown-ups,she enjoys folk songs,because _(宁静的音乐)reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young.But I think wed better have more outdoor activities.As students,we usually _(在教室里坐的时间太长),and as a result our eyes and brains get tired.the
25、 peaceful musicsit too long in the classroomThe fruits are small in size,but _(多汁可口).Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I _(是非常担心的).”juicy and tastywere terribly worriedStep 3 跟踪检测提升能力.语法填空Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.In the USA,when you pass by someone you kn
26、ow,a nod is acceptable,and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet.But in Latin countries,a firm handshake 1.(consider)rude.In my home country,Mauritius,when people meet,they usually kiss each other 2.the cheeks.This is also common in France,3.the act is called faire la bise.However,this
27、 is not 4.universal rule.During my first week in the USA,I kissed every single girl I met.My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,5.(leave)me in great embarrassment.What is common here,however,is for friends 6.(hug)each othersomething I was not used to.Hugs always make me 7._(frighten)
28、because I dont really like that.This may seem strange since even kissing 8.(stranger)is normal in my country.Now that I think about it,I hate cheek-kissing as well.Wouldnt it be 9.(enjoy)to have a greeting code that is 10.(wide)acceptable?Im not saying we should start doing that,but we can surely do
29、 something to avoid misunderstanding.1.【解析】is considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系,此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实,与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。2.【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,在脸上用介词on,故填on。3.【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导,故填where。4.【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式,此处表示一种普遍的规则,universa
30、l发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作结果状语,故填leaving。6.【解析】to hug。考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句,此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填to hug。7.【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词,故填frightened。8.【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词,此处表示泛指用复数形式,故填strangers。9.【解析】enjoyable。考
31、查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语,故填enjoyable。10.【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词,指广泛接受的,故填widely。.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。Dear David,Ive learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.1._(我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and I would like to be your
32、friend.Im glad that you show such greatinterest in China2._(我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化).When you have an opportunity to come to China,Ill teach you how to speak Chinese and 3._(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜).4._(无论如何,我将尽可能多地帮助你).How do you think?Im looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li HuaI will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you theChinese cultureshow youaround some famous historical places of interestAnyway,I am going to help you as much as I can
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