1、二十四 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 3Food and Culture(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021上海模拟)People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence,or A.I.,will bring about a point in history when A.I.overtakes human intelligence,leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs.Or they wonder whether instead of our control
2、ling artificial intelligence,it will control us.The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come,but this doesnt mean we have nothing to worry about.On the contrary,the A.I.products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world
3、,not always for the better.They are only tools,not a competing form of intelligence.But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution,the A.I.Revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs.Instead,it
4、 is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobsmostly lower-paying jobs,but some higher-paying ones,too.This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I.,as well as for the companies that adopt it.We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily
5、 together;enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work.What is to be done?Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I.tools arent good at.Artificial Intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity,planning
6、 and“cross-field”thinking.But these skills are typically required by high-paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do.More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the“people skills”that A.I.lacks:social workers,barmen,doormenprofessions requiring human interaction.But how many
7、barmen does a society really need?The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve“service jobs of love”.These are jobs that A.I.cannot do,that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose.Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor,helping at an orphanage a
8、nd serving as a sponsor at charity organization.The volunteer service jobs of today,in other words,may turn into the real jobs of the future.Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and professional,such as compassionate medical service providers.In all cases,people will be able to choose to work f
9、ewer hours than they do now.1.In what aspect is the A.I.Revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer Revolution?A.The A.I.Revolution will finally become one beyond humans control.B.A.I.is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.C.Higher-paying jobs wi
10、ll take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I.Revolution.D.It may bring about mass unemployment no matter how much employees are paid.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead,it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobsmostly lower-paying jobs,but some higher-paying ones,too.”可知,与工业革命和计算机革命不同的是,
11、人工智能革命被认为会导致大规模的失业大部分是低收入的工作,但也有一些高收入的工作,故D项正确。2.The underlined word“promising”in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_.A.promotionalB.demandingC.guaranteedD.potential【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容可知,部分答案将涉及在人工智能工具不擅长的任务中对人们进行教育或再培训,人工智能不适合从事创造性、计划性和“跨领域”思维的工作。但这些技能通常是高薪工作所需要的,而这些工作可能很难再培训失业工人,因此此处是说更有希望的是薪
12、水较低的工作,包括A.I.缺乏的“人际交往技能”:社会工作者、酒吧招待、门卫需要人际交往的职业,由此可知画线词词义为“有希望的;可能的”,故D项正确。3.What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I.Revolution?A.It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.B.People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.C.The problem of job loss can be solved by c
13、reating lower-paying jobs.D.Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve service jobs of love.”可知,解决大规模失业问题的办法将涉及“爱的服务性工作”,再结合本段最后一句“The volunteer service jobs of today,in other wo
14、rds,may turn into the real jobs of the future.”可知,换言之,今天的志愿服务工作可能会变成未来真正的工作,由此可知,面对人工智能革命,作者认为鼓励人们从事志愿工作是明智的,故A项正确。4.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A.The A.I.Revolution Creates New Job OpportunitiesB.Challenges the A.I.Revolution Brings to Job MarketC.A Double-edge
15、d Sword:the A.I.RevolutionD.Interrelationship between A.I.and Unemployment【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第四段中的“We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together;enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work.What is to be done?”可知,本文主要介绍了人工智
16、能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法,故B项正确。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.Artificial Intelligence 人工智能2.arise v.(不好的事情)发生3.reshape v.重塑4.promise v.承诺;希望长难句分析People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence,or A.I.,will bring about a point in history when A.I.overtakes human intelligence,leading to an unimaginable revolution i
17、n human affairs.分析:此句为that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中的主句为developments will bring about a point in history;when A.I.overtakes human intelligence为when引导的定语从句,先行词为a point in history;leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs为现在分词作结果状语。翻译:人们担心人工智能的发展或人工智能会超过人类的智慧从而导致难以想象的变革。B5G,the fifth generation of wir
18、eless,promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay the foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars.But like many new technologies,its causing concern about potential health issues.The first generation of wireless introduced mobile phones,and 2G brought texting.3G laid the g
19、roundwork for smartphones,and 4G allowed video streaming and more.5G is expected to download data 20 times faster than its predecessor(前任),and some experts argue it could be much faster.Too much of a good thing?Its not just about streaming data faster,its about streaming more of it.On a 5G network,a
20、 user can download a movie instantly,and data will flow between connected objects without delay.The amount of data people use on mobile devices has gone up 40 times since 2010 and is only expected to increase.5G networks are wireless companies attempts to satisfy that demand.Uncertain effectsThe unt
21、ested nature of 5G,and the extensiveness of its infrastructure(基础设施),has some worried that the increased exposure could have serious health effects.Wireless safety advocates(倡议人士)have called for more studies on the effects of the exposure,and one group is trying to stop the installment of 5G network
22、s in Chicagos neighborhoods.The federal government has safety rules that wireless companies must obey that limit human exposure to radio waves,including frequencies used with 5G.Wireless industry association CTIA says typical exposure to 5G infrastructure is comparable to Bluetooth devices and baby
23、monitors,and there is no scientific evidence of negative health effects.Still,assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake.Additional studies on 5Gs health impacts likely wouldnt soothe her either.She said,“People cant choose whether or no
24、t to be exposed to this radiation.”“I dont need another test.The only test thats going to happen now is peoples lives,”said Blake,67.Only time will tell?Though little is known about the long-term health impact of the millimeter waves that 5G operates on,some research has shown short-term exposure co
25、uld be problematic,said Joel Moskowitz,a public health expert at the University of California at Berkeley.The eyes and sweat glands(腺体)that are among several body parts studies have shown could be at risk,Moskowitz said.Insects and plant life could also be affected,he added.The millimeter waves used
26、 in 5G are absorbed by the upper layers of skin,potentially causing the temperature of the skin to rise,said Suresh Borkar,a senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology.“The effects of extended rises in skin temperature become a bi
27、g unknown,”he said.“This isnt the first time people will come into contact with millimeter waves:Theyre also used in airport body scanners,”said Lav Varshney,an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Still,its the first time the h
28、igh-frequency waves will be used on such a scale,and concerns surrounding new technologies are common throughout history.“When cars first started replacing horse-drawn carriages,people were afraid of what the health impacts of traveling at high speeds would be,”Varshney said.“There has always been o
29、ccurrence of this fear.”5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.5G is faster but not safe to human beings.B.5G features faster and more in transferring.C.5G can meet peoples any demand in theory.D.5G just makes little impact on peoples health.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中5G,the fifth gener
30、ation of wireless,promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars.第五代无线网络5G承诺闪电般的下载速度,并可能为自动驾驶汽车等高科技进步奠定基础。可知5G网络会更快、更便捷。故选B项。6.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Millimeter waves certainly affect peoples health seriously.B.Mill
31、imeter waves will cause the skins temperature to rise.C.Its obvious that many scientists object to 5G technology.D.Its hard to say whether millimeter waves do damage to health.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的电子与计算机工程助理教授拉夫瓦尔什尼说,这并不是人们第一次接触毫米波:机场的人体扫描仪也使用毫米波。尽管如此,这是第一次如此大规模地使用高频电波,历史上人们对新技术的担忧也
32、是屡见不鲜。因此,对于毫米波对人类健康的影响其实还没有明确的证据,很难说是否对身体有害。故选D项。7.The underlined word“soothe”in Paragraph 8 most probably means _.A.to make somebody feel calm or less worriedB.to make somebody feel happy or more excitedC.to make somebody feel disappointed or less satisfactoryD.to make somebody feel inspired or mor
33、e energetic【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本段中Still,assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake.She said,“People cant choose whether or not to be exposed to this radiation.”不过,政府机构和行业运营商的保证对芝加哥居民朱迪布莱克来说还不够。她说,“人们不能选择是否暴露在这种辐射下。”以及下文“我不需要再做一次检查。现在唯一的考验就是人们
34、的生活。”67岁的布莱克说。可知,布莱克所说的话是表达她的担忧和不安,因此soothe应该是“使某人感到平静或不那么担心”。故选A项。8.The best title for this passage is_.A.5Gs Advantages and DisadvantagesB.The Development of WirelessC.5G Health ConcernD.5G Future Prediction【解 析】选 C。主 旨 大 意 题。根 据 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 But like many new technologies,its causing concern abo
35、ut potential health issues.但与许多新技术一样,它引发了人们对潜在健康问题的担忧。以及最后一段中瓦尔什尼说:“当汽车刚开始取代马车的时候,人们担心高速行驶会对健康造成什么影响。”“这种恐惧总是会发生。”可知,本文是围绕5G是否对人类健康有影响的担忧展开的,最佳标题应该是“5G的健康担忧”。故选C项。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.potential adj.潜在的 n.潜能2.exposure n.暴露;接触3.soothe vt.安慰;减轻4.lay the foundation for为打下基础5.without delay立即6.call for呼吁;要求7.long-
36、term长期的8.short-term短期的9.at risk有危险长难句分析The millimeter waves used in 5G are absorbed by the upper layers of skin,potentially causing the temperature of the skin to rise.分析:主句为:The millimeter waves are absorbed by the upper layers of skin;used in 5G为过去分词作后置定语表示“在5G中被使用”;causing the temperature of the
37、skin to rise为现在分词作结果状语。翻译:在5G中被使用的毫米波被皮肤上皮层吸收,可能会造成皮肤的温度上升。.完形填空I first discovered Caf Gratitude several months ago.My friend Dr.Heather invited me to 1her for lunch.Heather had just moved to Los Angeles,and we would discuss the project we were doing.As we sat down and were 2the delicious vegetarian
38、 menu,the server who came to take our 3asked us the question of the day,“What are you grateful for?”I felt a familiar stir in my chest,and my eyes began to water.4pause,Heather 5her hand out to me and said that it was great to be with me.I expressed my gratitude to be with her too,enjoying this mome
39、nt of our shared 6and her new start in Los Angeles.After a delicious lunch,I decided to stay a while longer as the question had inspired me to meet the co-owner,Ryland.Pauses or 7in life are a very good time to listen to whats 8on inside of our hearts.When Ryland came over to my table with his big s
40、mile,his title of Chief Inspiration Officer seemed very 9for his personality.He gave me his 10attention as he opened his heart to listen.I told him how I wanted to help him open more 11so there could be more places to eat and help spread this 12of“being generous and grateful every day”.Since that 13
41、,Caf Gratitude has been my favorite place to eat.What a rewarding and meaningful experience!And Ive since learned that Caf Gratitude practices business through what they call“Sacred Commerce”where they provide inspired service,and express 14for the richness of our lives.A simple question that day 15
42、me down new paths and gave me new friendships.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”应邀和朋友在一家“感恩餐馆”共进午餐,期间服务员问我们“我们感激什么”时,“我”和“我”的朋友都认为那一刻彼此的陪伴让我们感激。这一简单的问题让“我”有了新的人生感悟1.A.attendB.accompanyC.involveD.find【解析】选B。根据语境可知,“我”的朋友Heather博士邀请“我”陪她共进午餐。accompany意为“陪伴”,故B项正确。2.A.lookingB.testingC.planningD.studying【解析】选D。根据空后的
43、“delicious vegetarian menu”及常识可知,我们坐下并细看菜单。studying意为“细看”,故D项正确。3.A.spaceB.timeC.orderD.place【解析】选C。根据该句中的“the server who came to take”及常识可推知,服务员过来请我们点餐。order意为“点菜”,故C项正确。4.A.WithoutB.DespiteC.In terms ofD.Regardless of【解析】选A。根据语境可知,Heather毫无停顿向“我”伸出手,说和“我”在一起感觉很好。without pause意为“毫无停顿”,故A项正确。5.A.rea
44、chedB.shookC.clappedD.stuck【解析】选A。由“her hand out to me”可知,Heather向“我”伸出手,reach意为“伸,伸手(以碰触或提起某物)”,故A项正确。6.A.projectB.seatC.honestyD.friendship【解析】选D。根据上文可知,我们都表达了对彼此陪伴的感激;再结合该句中的“shared”可推知,我们享受着分享友谊的时刻。friendship意为“友谊”,故D项正确。7.A.actionB.delaysC.hurriesD.dreams【解析】选B。根据语境可知,空处与“Pauses”相照应,应为其同义词语,故de
45、lays“延迟”符合语境,故B项正确。8.A.lookingB.insistingC.goingD.agreeing【解析】选C。根据语境可知,生活中的暂停或延迟是倾听我们内心想法的一个很好的时机。go on意为“发生”,为固定搭配,符合语境,故C项正确。9.A.suitableB.readyC.eagerD.anxious【解析】选A。根据语境可知,他微笑着,看起来他“首席灵感官”的头衔和他的个性很匹配。(be)suitable for为固定搭配,意为“适合于”,故A项正确。10.A.simpleB.fullC.urgentD.regular【解析】选B。根据从句“as he opened
46、his heart to listen”可知,他敞开心扉倾听,全身心注意着“我”。full意为“完全的”,故B项正确。11.A.hotelsB.schoolsC.clubsD.restaurants【解析】选D。根据空后的“more places to eat”可推知,“我”想要帮助他开更多的饭店,这样的话就有更多的地方就餐并传播“每天要慷慨并感恩”的信息。restaurants意为“饭店”,故D项正确。12.A.lessonB.noteC.messageD.lecture【解析】选C。此处指开设更多的饭店来传播这样的信息。message“信息”符合语境。13.A.meetingB.perfo
47、rmanceC.actD.vacation【解析】选A。根据上文中的“meet the co-owner”并结合语境可知,自从那次见面以来,“感恩餐馆”就成了“我”最喜爱去就餐的地方。meeting意为“会面”,故A项正确。14.A.explanationB.appreciationC.considerationD.application【解析】选B。根据语境,该餐馆的名字及其经营理念可知,他们向我们生命的丰足表达了感激。appreciation意为“感激”,故B项正确。15.A.surprisedB.ledC.returnedD.held【解析】选B。根据语境可知,那天的一个简单的问题,引导“我”走上新的道路,给了“我”新的友谊(关系)。led意为“引领”,故B项正确。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.grateful adj.感激的2.stir n.震动3.gratituden.感激4.pause n.停顿5.generous adj.慷慨的
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