1、Unit 6 Nurturing naturePeriod 3Using language语法精析课 现在完成进行时语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,回答问题。原句1Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.原句2Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.【生成得】原句1use这个动
2、作从过去持续到_并且仍在发生,时间状语是_。原句2enjoy这个动作从过去到现在一直在_,并且未来也是。现在for years持续发生【研学析】一、定义:现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在,这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。二、现在完成进行时的构成肯定句:主语+have/has+been+现在分词.否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+现在分词.疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+现在分词.?疑问代词/疑问副词+have/has+主语+been+现在分词.?1.现在完成进行时的肯定句现在完成进行时的肯定句由“助动词have/has+been(been是be
3、动词的过去分词)+现在分词”构成:Ive been trying to find out her telephone number.我一直在找她的电话号码。They have been widening the road.他们一直在拓宽这条路。She is very tired.Shes been typing letters all day.她很累了。她一整天都在录入信件。2.现在完成进行时的否定句现在完成进行时的否定句是在助动词have/has后加not,之后是“be动词的过去分词been+现在分词”:Ive not been feeling very well for the past
4、few days.这几天以来,我一直感到不太舒服。It hasnt been working properly for three weeks.它已有3个星期运作不正常了。3.现在完成进行时的一般疑问句现在完成进行时的一般疑问句是将助动词have/has置于主语之前(大写have/has的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是倒装语序:Have you been writing books for long?你写书已经很长时间了吗?Have you been working all morning?Yes,weve been working 4 hours without a break.你们
5、一上午都在工作吗?是,我们连续工作了4个小时没有休息。4.现在完成进行时的特殊疑问句现在完成进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词have/has之前(have/has的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多;这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词have/has之前,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序:You look dirty.What have you been doing?Ive been cleaning the garage.你看上去很脏,干什么了?我一直在清扫车库。Youve taken your time!What on
6、 earth have you been doing?你可真够慢的!你到底一直在干什么?三、现在完成进行时的用法1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作现在完成进行时表示以前到现在这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能仍在进行,也可能停止了一会儿:How long have you been learning English?你学习英语多久了?How long has it been snowing?雪下多久了?(还在下雪)2.表示现在经常重复的动作Jack has been phoning Jane every night for the last week.上星期杰克天天晚上给简打电话。
7、Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们常常见面。3.用于得出结论现在完成进行时可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论:His eyes are red.He has been working too hard recently.他眼睛红了,准是最近工作太努力了。四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如:He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in
8、Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)2.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如:I have read the book.我读过这本书。I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。有少数动词(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。如:How long have you worked been working here?你在这儿工作多久了?Ive lived been living here since 19
9、88.自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。3.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:I have waited for two hours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时了。(等得好辛苦)4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:Theyve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,
10、可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:The house has been painted for a month.这房子已漆了一个月。The problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天。【点拨迷津】理解现在完成进行时的两个关键点1.表示“持续”表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。如:Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you.汤姆一直在想办法给你弄一个工作许可证。The tobacco industry has been trying to impro
11、ve its image.烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.据我们了解你一直欺骗公司。The group has been living in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle.该部落一直居住在柬埔寨的丛林深处。2.表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如:The motorcyclist must have been doing a ton as he pass
12、ed me.当骑摩托车的人从我身边驶过时,他的时速肯定达到了100英里。So you have been doing very nicely at Tara,have you?你就这样在塔拉一直过得很好,是吗?It really is.But all of us have been doing the work for years.是的,但是我们所有的人已经在这儿工作很久了。I have been doing breathing exercises to replenish my energy.我这几天在做呼吸锻炼,补充精力。【内化用】完成句子。The children _a lot of f
13、un.孩子们一直玩得很开心。She is very tired.She _all morning.她很累。她一早晨都在工作。_in a hotel since we came here.自从到这里以后,我们一直住在旅馆。Biological systems _this for billions of years.生物系统亿万年来一直都是这样。have been havinghas been workingWeve been stayinghave been doing【常温故勤总结】高考中的现在完成进行时1.(2019全国卷)For the past two years,Gordons stu
14、dents have been studyingways to kill bacteria.在过去的两年中,戈登的学生们一直在研究杀死细菌的方法。2.(2019全国卷)People have been sitting there and standing there and taking pictures of each other.人们一直坐或站在那里互相拍照。3.(2019北京卷)A retired engineer,76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight
15、years.现年七十六岁的威尔逊是一位退休工程师,过去八年来一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。.单句语法填空1.All these years they _(contribute)articles to our newspaper.2.I _(drink)five cups of coffee this afternoon.3.What _you _(do)before you left Oxford?4.Its a good job._you _it all by yourself?5.Alice _(see)much of Henry lately.6.You know,I _(look)fo
16、r a job for three months,and this is my first formal interview.7.Here he is!We _(wait)anxiously for him since last night.课时素养达标have been contributinghave drunkhaddoneDiddohasnt seenhave been lookinghave been waiting.完成句子1.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so._(他已经为此准备了几个月)
17、.2.By the time he realizes _(他已经进了陷阱),itll be too late for him to do anything about it.3.So far this year we _(see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,_(她已经学了一年英语的地方).He has been preparing for it for monthshe
18、 has walked into a traphave seenwhere she has been studying English for a year5.Danny _(work)hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.6.I have got a headache.No wonder._(你已经在那台电脑前工作了太长时间了).7.Now that she is out of job,_(露西一直在考虑回到学校),but she hasnt decided yet.8.Hi,Tracy,you look pale.I am tired._(我一整天都在粉刷起居室).has workedYou have been working in front of that computer too longLucy has been considering going back to schoolI have been painting the living room all day本课结束
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