1、Unit 5Revealing naturePeriod 3Using language语法精析课 过去完成时语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,回答以下问题。原句1 His room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.原句2 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
2、【生成得】crowd这个动作发生在collect这个动作_。evolve和arrive两个动作都发生在suspect这个动作_。之后之前【研学析】一、定义过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态(亦可以说是“过去的过去”)。过去完成时由had加过去分词构成。二、过去完成时的构成1.过去完成时的肯定句句型:主语+had+过去分词.过去完成时的肯定句由助动词had加过去分词构成:He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他已经去过纽约了。2.过去完成时的否定句句型:主语+had+not+过去分词.过去完成时
3、的否定句是在助动词had后加not,之后是过去分词:At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。3.过去完成时的一般疑问句句型:Had+主语+过去分词.?回答方式:Yes,主语+had./No,主语+had+not.过去完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词had置于主语之前(had的第一个字母大写),在句尾加问号;这种语序是倒装语序:He said he had visited the museum two years ago.他说他两年前就参观了这个博物馆。Had you visited the museum before you graduated?你毕业之前
4、参观过这个博物馆吗?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.是的,我参观过。/没有,我以前没有参观过。【内化用】Jane _when you rang.你打电话时简刚走。The country _from the effects of the war.这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。By six oclock they _for 8 hours.到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。had just lefthad not yet recoveredhad worked三、过去完成时的用法1.表示较早的过去表示较早的过去,即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。In 1980,Id never bee
5、n to Paris.(=I never went to Paris before 1980.)1980年之前我从未去过巴黎。After we had landed,the plane was searched thoroughly.我们降落后,飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。2.用于间接引语过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式,在间接引语中多有这种情况。Helen said(that)she had moved to another flat.海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。3.用于宾语从句过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去的动作的用法,多见于宾语从句。一般说来,主句中用了know
6、(知道),realize(意识到),think(认为),suppose(猜想),guess(推测),find(找到),discover(发现),decide(决定),remember(想起),forget(忘记)等动词的一般过去时,如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作,通常用过去完成时。I didnt think to ask her if she had passed her examination.我没有想问她是否考试及格了。4.强调过去动作的完成 I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected mo
7、re than 2,000.我从2月份开始集邮,到11月已收集到2 000多枚。5.用于虚拟语气过去完成时的这一用法,常见于以if only等引导的感叹句:If only we had listened to their advice!我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!If only we had seen her before she died.要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish.(我希望),Id rather.(我宁愿)后的that从句中。Id rather you hadnt been present.我宁愿你当时不在场。I
8、f I had asked for directions,I wouldnt have gotten lost.如果我问一下路,就不会迷失方向了。6.表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图,只适用于下列动词:expect(期待),hope(希望),intend(打算),mean(打算),suppose(料想),think(认为),want(想要)等。We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。7.与过去完成时连用的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是already(已经)
9、,yet(仍然),still(还),just(刚刚),hardly.when(刚就),scarcely.when(刚就),ever(曾经),never(从来没有)等,也可以是by(不迟于),before(在之前),until(直到),as soon as(一就)等引导的词组或从句:When I came back at midnight she still hadnt finished.我半夜回来时,她还没有做完。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。【内化用】语法填空。Whe
10、n she heard that her father _(die)in the accident,she burst out crying.If only you _(work)with greater care!I _(mean)to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.had diedhad workedhad meant【常温故勤总结】两张图理解过去完成时.单句语法填空1.When I returned home,he _(leave).2.By ten yesterday evening,she _(fi
11、nish)writing.3.He _(study)English for five years before he came here.4.It _(stop)raining when I woke up this morning.5.I _(not read)the book because I had read it before.6.She said she _(be)born in 1992.课时素养达标had lefthad finishedhad studiedhad stoppeddidnt readwas7.When he _(come)to China two years
12、ago he found people didnt understand him at all though he _(learn)some Chinese in his own country.8.I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _(not see)each other since I left Beijing.9.When I got to his home,he _(go)to bed.10.She asked if Mr Liu _already _(come)back.camehad learnedhadnt seenhad gonehadcome.句型转换1.
13、I had sold the ticket when she came.(改为否定句)_2.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.(改为否定句)_after they had bought all the food and drinks.3.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改为一般疑问)_when you arrived yet?I hadnt sold the ticket when she ca
14、me.They didnt begin to climb the mountainHad Lucy completed the project4.By the time he got to the airport,the plane had taken off.(改为一般疑问)_by the time he got to the airport?5.We cooked the dumplings.We ate them up.(用过去完成时连接两句)After _,we ate them up.Had the plane taken offwe had cooked the dumplings本课结束
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