1、Period 3Learning About Language语法精析课 语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析动词-ing形式所作的成分。1.Perhaps the best example is smiling.(作表语)2.However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany as it is not considered polite.(作宾语)【生成得】1.动词-ing形式在动词或介词后作宾语时,相当于一个名词(短语)。2.动词-ing形式作表语时,通常相当于一个形容词,说明主语的性质或特征,也可表
2、示习惯性动作。【研学析】一、动词-ing形式作宾语1.常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)动词-ing形式可跟在及物动词后面作宾语,也可跟在介词后作宾语。常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语有mind,finish,enjoy,appreciate,allow,mean,suggest,consider,feel like,dream of,be devoted to,cant help,no use,pay attention to,look forward to等。Henry suggests going hiking this weekend.亨利建议这个周末去远足。Ever si
3、nce high school,I have been dreaming about taking a great bike trip.从高中起,我就一直梦想做一次了不起的自行车旅行。【巧学妙记】巧记后接动名词作宾语的及物动词(短语)建议,考虑,坚持练(suggest,advise,consider,insist on,practise),允许,想象,弃冒险(permit,allow,imagine,give up,risk),阻止,抵抗,否逃脱(prevent,resist,deny,escape),不禁,介意,保持完(cant help,mind,keep,finish),耽误,推迟,求原
4、谅(delay,put off,require,forgive,excuse),承认,错过,欣喜欢(admit,miss,appreciate,enjoy)。2.后接动词-ing形式和不定式意义不同的动词(短语)既能接不定式,又能接动词-ing 形式,但意思不同的常用动词(短语)有:remember,forget,mean,try,stop,regret,go on等。用法见下表:接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得已经做过某事记着要做某事forget忘记已经做过某事忘记要做某事mean意味着做某事打算做某事try尝试做某事尽力做某事接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语regret对做过的
5、事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事去做另一件事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后,接着做另一件事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮忙做某事【口诀巧记】一禁,三记,继续尽力,停止后悔。“一禁”指cant help;“三记”指“记得(remember)”、“忘记(forget)”、“计划(mean)”;“继续尽力”指go on和try;“停止后悔”指stop与regret。Please remember to post the letter for me when you pass the post office.请记得在你经过邮局时帮我寄出这封信啊。Missi
6、ng the last bus at this time of the day means walking home.在这个时候错过最后一班公共汽车就意味着要步行回家。Hearing the doorbell,she stopped to open the door.听到门铃声,她停下手中的活去开门。Stop talking,please.The evening party is beginning.请不要说话了。晚会即将开始。【点拨迷津】“需要”认识“三兄弟”动词need,want,require作“需要”讲时,后面跟动词-ing形式的主动式,也可跟不定式的被动式。Your hair nee
7、ds cutting(=to be cut).你的头发需要剪了。【内化用】用所给动词的适当形式填空You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _(die)early by running.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid _(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.I still remember _(visit)a friend whod lived here for fiv
8、e years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.dyinglookingvisitingFast food is full of fat and salt;by _(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.He doesnt really mean _(work)here,which means _(leave)the job soon afterwards.Th
9、e deer was lucky and it just missed _(catch)by the hunter.eatingto workleavingbeing caught二、动词-ing形式作表语有些动词-ing形式具有形容词的特征,可以用作表语,表示主语的特性、状态、情感等。有时,作表语的动词-ing形式也可表示习惯性的动作。The result is convincing.这一结果令人信服。While travelling was inspiring,nothing met in France was what I expected.尽管旅行令人振奋,但在法国遇到的事情没有一件是
10、我预料到的。【点拨迷津】(1)作表语的动词-ing形式多数是表示某种感情或情绪的动词转化而来的,如interesting,moving,exciting,boring,surprising,disappointing等。(2)作表语的动词-ing形式指习惯性的动作时,可与主语互换位置。His favorite sport is skating.(=Skating is his favorite sport.)他最喜欢的运动是滑冰。【内化用】用所给动词的适当形式填空His lecture last week was very _(encourage).His main task is _(sel
11、l)smart blackboard at the moment.The most popular pastime for a number of old people is _(play)chess.The match looked very competitive but the result was _(disappoint).encouragingsellingplayingdisappointingThe news was _(shock),and there was a _(frighten)look on her face.Mr Smiths job is _(teach)the
12、 disabled children sign language.shockingfrightenedteaching常温故勤总结v.-ing形式作宾语,承认依靠和推辞;喜欢面对便欣赏,错过原谅别介意;避免借口遭否认,包括想象多坚持;要阻止,别延迟,想要脱逃冒险值;一个忍受两完成,忙于报告提建议。课时素养达标.单句语法填空1.We made the right choice.Its fun _(spend)the holiday at the beach.2.However,it may also mean _(have)routinely to accept overtime work.3.
13、Passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed _(eat)or drink on the subway.4.The audience left the stadium because the match was too _(disappoint).spendinghavingto eatdisappointing5.The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly _(excite).6.Hearing the funny story,all the pe
14、ople there couldnt help _(laugh).7.I regret _(not spend)more time with my grandma before she passed away.8.The young trees we planted last week require _(look)after with great care.excitinglaughingnot spendinglooking.根据汉语完成句子1.Mr Jones decided to walk to the university _.琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。2.To impro
15、ve your spoken English,you can _.为了提高口语水平,你可以考虑参加英语角。3.Only if you dont give up,youll _.只要你不放弃,你将会成功得到这份工作。instead of taking a taxiconsider taking part in the Englishcornersucceed in getting this job4.Professor Li told us _within half an hour.李教授让我们在半小时之内读完这篇论文。5.Having put all our efforts _,we were
16、 strongly desired to be the winner.我们强烈渴望成为冠军,把所有的精力都放在练习打篮球上了。6.The students _to explore society for real-life experience.学生们在期待着拥有一个探索社会真实生活体验的机会。to finish reading the paperto practice playing basketballare looking forward to having an opportunity语法填空Many people cannot sleep without 1._(use)a fan,
17、but scientists say this can be bad for us.This is bad news for those of us 2._(struggle)to nod off during the current burning hot weather.According to sleep experts,there are many reasons why the use of a fan can be 3._(harm)to our health.Fans can cause problems for people.The spinning blades of fan
18、s cause dust 4._(circulate)around the room and add to a persons sleeplessness.They say circulating air can dry out your eyes,mouth and throat,which also 5._(make)it difficult to sleep.Other sleep experts disagree and say there are no dangers to health from using a fan.Dr.Len Horvitz,a specialist on
19、the health of the breathing system said,“Theres nothing about a fan thats harmful.Theres nothing wrong 6._ circulating air.”He told the Live Science website that if a fan stops us sweating,it will help us to sleep.He said people should keep fans at 7._ safe distance from their bed and not have them
20、blowing 8._(direct)at their body.He also recommended 9._(keep)an air filter in the bedroom to reduce the levels of dust in the room.Sleeping with a fan may be preferable to using an air conditioner,10._ can chill any sweat on our body and possibly cause us to wake up with a cold.【语篇概述】本文对夏天吹风扇睡觉是否影响
21、身体健康介绍了两种截然不同的观点。1.【解析】using。考查动词-ing的用法。空格前是介词without,故用动词-ing作宾语。2.【解析】struggling。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语“those of us”与动词struggle之间是主动关系,此处应用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。3.【解析】harmful。考查词性转换。此处表示对健康有害。be harmful to意为“对有害”,为固定搭配。4.【解析】to circulate。考查非谓语动词。此处表示风扇旋转的叶片使灰尘在房间里流动,加重了人们失眠的情况。cause.to do sth.意为“导致
22、做某事”。故填to circulate。5.【解析】makes。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。通读全文可知,本文主要使用一般现在时;且空格处作定语从句的谓语,which指代“circulating air can dry out your eyes,mouth and throat”这件事,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。6.【解析】with。考查介词。Theres nothing wrong with.为固定句式,意为“没有问题”。7.【解析】a。考查冠词。此处表示使风扇和床保持一个安全的距离。距离是可数名词,且“safe”的读音是以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。8.【解析】directly。考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词“blowing”,应用副词形式。故填directly。9.【解析】keeping。考查动词-ing作宾语。recommend(sb.)doing sth.为固定用法,意为“劝告/建议(某人)做某事”。10.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词是“an air conditioner”,指物,应用which。故填which。本课结束
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