1、Period 3Learning About Language语法精析课动词-ing形式作主语语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其基本用法1.I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent.2.Even though the sun is brightly shining,telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.3.Spreading out before me,branches of the Rapa River flow throu
2、gh the valley below.【生成得】动词-ing形式的用法比较广泛,可以作主语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。以上句子中作主语的是句_。作定语的是_。作状语的是_。【研学析】一、动词-ing形式作主语1.动词-ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法功能:动词-ing形式作主语时,多表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词多用单数形式。213*Learning about a language is easier than using it.对于有关语言的知识学习比使用它更容易。*Wasting a persons time is the same as killing him for his pr
3、operty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。【点拨迷津】意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时,谓语动词需用复数形式。*Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English.听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语*It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to give up smoking.尝试说服他戒烟是浪费时间。*It is worthwhile reading such
4、 a wonderful novel.读这样一本精彩的小说很值得。*It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.关于这种事情和他争论没有用。【点拨迷津】(1)It is+adj.+doing sth.It is/feels funny doing sth.做某事(感觉)很有趣It is useless doing sth.做某事无用It is worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的(2)It is a waste of+n.+doing sth.Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
5、(3)It is no+n.+doing sth.Its no good/no use/no fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思【内化用】(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空(2019天津高考)_(learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future._(know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.Its no use _(complain)with
6、out taking action._(injure)in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.LearningKnowingcomplainingBeing injured(2)(2018北京高考)_an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有益的经历。Travelling along the old Silk Road is二、动词-ing形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时,not应放在逻辑主
7、语和动词-ing形式之间。*Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.对他来说,不知道如何使用电脑更难进行学术研究。*Not having done his homework makes the teacher very angry.他未完成作业让老师很生气。【内化用】(1)_(没买那条贵的裙子)causes the couple to quarrel.(2)_(未能通过考试)made him disturbed.三、动词-ing形式的复合结构动词-
8、ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing,即“sb./sb.s+doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:Not buying the expensive dressNot passing the exam形容词性物主代词+动词-ing名词s所有格+动词-ing代词宾格+动词-ing名词+动词-ing*Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged
9、 all of us.)*Toms being admitted into a famous university,as we had expected,made his parents very happy.正如我们所预计的,汤姆被录取到一所著名大学让他的父母很开心。【点拨迷津】动词-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时,不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。【内化用】(1)_made his teacher very angry.他又一次迟到使得他的老师非常生气。(2)_caused so much trouble.简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。His being late againJane
10、s being carelessness四、动词-ing形式的时态和语态*Sometimes being punished may be a good thing.有时被惩罚可能是一件好事。*Having been given a toy car as a gift made the boy laugh.收到一辆玩具汽车作为礼物,使那个男孩笑了。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving been done【内化用】(1)_for a long time does great harm to your skin.长时间暴露在阳光下会对你
11、的皮肤造成很大的伤害。(2)_by my dog made Linda refuse to play with me again.琳达被我的狗咬了,所以她拒绝再和我玩。Being exposed in the sunHaving been bitten课时素养达标.单句语法填空1.It is no use _(argue)with Bill because he will never change his mind.2._(walk)is a good form of exercise for the young and the old.3._(catch)in a heavy traffic
12、 jam is quite an unpleasant experience.4.Not _(bath)makes the baby smell unpleasant.5.Planning so far ahead _(make)no senseso many things will have changed by next year.arguingWalkingBeing caughtbeing bathedmakes6._ is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.7._(educate)in Peking Univers
13、ity is the dream of many students.8.Not _(receive)a reply made the manager worried.ItBeing educatedhaving received.完成句子1._buying so many vegetables once.一次买这么多蔬菜真是浪费钱。2._creates added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的书的反馈会产生额外的乐趣。3.My brothers _makes me fail to get down to study.我哥哥弹吉他使我无法专心学习。Its a waste of money
14、Hearing how others react to the book you have just readplaying the guitar4._by the local villagers makes us find the strange cave quickly.在当地村民的指引下,我们很快找到了那个奇怪的山洞。5.Its no good _.整天在床上睡觉没有好处。6._will be one of the worst mistakes you make.忽视这两个研究结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。Having been led the waysleeping in
15、bed all dayIgnoring the difference between the two research findings7.Their _made them all disappointed.考试失败使他们都很失望。8._his homework allows him to turn on the TV.做完作业后,他就可以打开电视了。failing in the examinationHaving finished语法填空Today I kept a promise and had lunch with a friend I had not seen for a while.
16、I was extremely tired 1._ school work and my 5-hour art lab I had just come from and I 2._(real)wanted to go home after a long day.But I kept my promise not 3._(upset)my friend this evening.As it turned out,we had such a good time that I stayed 4._(long)than I had planned and saw how much the occasi
17、on 5._(mean)to my friend.We usually have been busy with our own daily life,and it felt as if we had never had such 6._ long break.I extremely wanted to go home and hide under the covers today.But in 7._(keep)my promise to meet with a friend,I not only was kind to another person,8._ was also kind to
18、myself.I got some much 9._(need)self-care out of the occasion and was able to make the day of another person meaningfulsomeone who had just been as busy as me and still kept his promise to have dinner with 10._(I).【语篇概述】彼此遵守承诺是对别人负责,更是对自己负责。1.【解析】of。be tired of是固定搭配,意思是“对厌倦”。2.【解析】really。根据句意,可知此处要用
19、一个副词来修饰动词wanted,故用really。3.【解析】to upset。由于本句已经有谓语动词kept,分析句意,可知此处要用不定式,表示目的。4.【解析】longer。由于本空格后有than,可知此处要用形容词比较级longer。5.【解析】meant。根据句意,可知此处要用一般过去时表示过去的动作。6.【解析】a。由于空格后的break在此处的意思是“休息”,是一个可数名词,而且是首次出现,故用不定冠词a。7.【解析】keeping。由于空格前是介词in,故空格要用动名词形式。8.【解析】but。not only.but(also)是固定搭配,意思是“不但而且”。9.【解析】needed。分析句子,可知此空格的词是用于修饰后面的名词self-care的,根据句意,可知要用过去分词形式,表被动。10.【解析】me。由于with是介词,因此其后要用宾格,故用me。本课结束
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