1、Unit 4Natural DisastersPeriod Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句(1)(that，which，who，whom，whose)Students recreational activities are an important part of campus culture construction.Recreational activities can provide students with relaxation,personal contact and social practice platform,and it is a
2、n effective way to strengthen the physique of students.学生的娱乐活动是校园文化建设的重要组成部分。娱乐活动可以给予学生放松、提供个人交往和社交实践的平台，也是增强学生体质的有效途径。一、词汇梳理n供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品 vt.供应；供给supply意为“补给品”时，要用复数形式supplies。(1)There is a crying need for more medical supplies for the survivors幸存者们急需更多医疗药品。(2)The supply_coal and gas would not l
3、ast forever.煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。of(3)At the beginning of the term every year,students_ (supply)with a list of books that they are expected to read.在每年学期开始时，学生们会得到一张他们要读的书的清单。(4)The port is vital to _ relief _ millions of drought victims.这个港口至关重要，为数百万干旱灾民提供救济。(5)We cant promise it,for raw materials are
4、 _ short supply.我们不能保证，因为原材料短缺。are suppliedsupplytoin vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因此其后不要加多余的介词in,from等。The little girl was the survivor who survived the strong earthquake.She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried.I think her surviva
5、l was a real wonder.这个小女孩是这场大地震的幸存者。她告诉记者，她在被埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的幸存还真的是一个奇迹。(1)Friendless and jobless,he wondered how he would survive the year ahead.他没有朋友，也没有工作，不知道接下来的一年该如何度过。(2)The family are struggling to survive _ very little money.这个家庭靠很少的钱艰难度日。(3)The car was badly damaged,but the front passe
6、ngers were lucky to _汽车损坏严重，但前排的乘客很幸运地在事故中活了下来。onsurvive the accident(4)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers _ ten years.那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了10年。by二、语法梳理读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。1There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or in
7、jured.3The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.4Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150，000 soldiers toTangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6A doctor with
8、whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.8The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.我的发现：在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句是用来充当句中定语的从句，它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词，其位置位
9、于被修饰的名词、代词之后。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，关系词分为两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有：that，which，who，whom和whose。探究点1:关系代词的基本用法1指人用who,whom,that;作主语时用who，that，且不可省略；作宾语时可用who，whom，that，且可以省略。You may have chances to meet new people who/that will become your lifelong friends.你可能有机会结识将成为你一生的朋友的新人。(指人，作主语)In t
10、he dark street,there wasnt a single person(whom)she could turn to for help.在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(指人，作宾语)2指物用which，that;作主语时不可省略；作宾语时可以省略。I can well remember the accident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.我清楚地记得在一个下雨的星期天下午发生的那场事故。(指物，作主语)The dictionary(which/that)I bought last week is very use
11、ful and handy.我上周买的字典很有用。(指物，作宾语)3whose既可指人，也可指物。在从句中作定语，whosen.相当于then.of whom/which。This is the scientist whose name(the name of whom)is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobody wants the house whose roof(the roof of which)has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。4在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，指人用whom，不用who。指物用
12、which,不用that。He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。(作介词宾语，指人用whom)The house in which George used to live is for rent now.乔治曾经住过的那所房子现在正在出租。(作介词宾语，指物用which)用关系代词填空(1)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth_ gives off light in the dark.在夹克的边缘，有一块可以在黑暗中发光的布。(2)Becaus
13、e of our efforts,our daughter Georgia decided to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl _mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.由于我们的努力，我们的女儿Georgia决定捐赠一大袋玩具给一个小女孩，小女孩的妈妈由于生病而没能力支付她的假期费用。that/whichwhose(3)The land is known for a historic site with beautifully coloured walls,on
14、_ are painted the events of the past.这片土地因有着美丽的彩色墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名，墙壁上画有过去的事件。which探究点2：用that不用which的情况1当先行词是all，much，little等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时或先行词是指物的不定代词anything，nothing，something时。This is all that I can do for you.这就是我所能为你做的全部事情。You can take any seat that is free.空着的任何座位你都可以坐。Have you taken down everything
15、 that your teacher said?你把老师讲的都记下来了吗？2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。3当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。Chatting was the only thing that interested her.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既有人，又有物时。The film star and her film that you have just talked about are real
16、ly well known.你刚刚谈到的那位影星和她的影片是非常出名的。5当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用 that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be上海已不是过去那个样子了。单句语法填空(1)This is the most beautiful park _I have ever visited.(2)We often talk about the peo
17、ple and things _we remember.(3)I have found the very pen _ I lost yesterday.thatthatthat探究点3：用which不用that的情况1在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。2引导非限制性定语从句时。Tom came back,which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。3在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，那么另一个定语从句的关系代词就要用
18、which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。用关系代词填空(1)The house in _I used to live has become a shoe shop.(2)Have you ever read the book，_was written by a young girl?whichwhich1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数
19、形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。He said he was a Frenchman,which wa
20、s not true.他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。2为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.这就是我们上个星期天参观过的工厂。(visited后不可加it)3关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。4技法：两步并举，关系代词选定不用愁Step 1：寻找先行词，辨别人与物先行词指人时常用wh
21、o，whom，that；指物时常用 that,which。Step 2：判断所缺成分，选择关系词当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(主语或宾语)，that(主语或宾语),which(主语或宾语)，whom(宾语),whose(定语)。单句语法填空(1)All that can be done_(have)been done.所有能做的都已经做了。(2)The student you should learn from is the one _ studies hard.你应该向学习努力刻苦的学生学习。(3)He is one of the students _ _ from Spain.他是来自西班牙的学生之一。haswhowhocome/are(4)Tom was late for class again,_made his teacher really angry.汤姆又迟到了，这令他的老师很生气。which
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