1、1Section Discovering Useful Structures省略2为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。一、简单句的省略合作探究(You)Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.请(你)沿着这条街走，然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。3(Is there)Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗？Are you from America?Yes，I am(from America).你来自美
2、国吗？是的，我是(来自美国)。What a beautiful city(it is)!(这是)多么美丽的城市呀！4自主发现祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语_。There be句型省略_。疑问句的答语省略。感叹句的省略。在what和how引起的感叹句中常省略_。youThere be主语和be动词5二、并列句中的省略合作探究Tom picked up the book from the floor and(Tom)handed it to his brother.汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。His performance made us amused，but(his perf
3、ormance made)himself tired.他的表演使我们高兴，但是使他自己很累。Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time，and his sister(must have been)playing the piano.那时小明一定在踢足球，而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。6自主发现省 略 共 同 的 _或 宾 语。若 主 语 与 谓 语 相 同，则 省 略 后 面 的_成分。若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词_，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。主语主谓相同7三、复合句中的省略1.定语从句的省略合作探究1He
4、re is the man(whom)youve been looking for.这位就是你一直在找的人。自主发现1如果关系代词在定语从句中作_语，则关系代词可以省略。宾82.宾语从句的省略合作探究2He said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该用心学习。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know when(he will come to our city).我知道一个电影明
5、星要来我们城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。9自主发现2(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词_一般可以省略，但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由_引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。(2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。thatthat103.状语从句的省略合作探究3When(the novel is)published，the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.一旦出版，那本小说会成为年度畅销书之一。He runs as fast as Bob(runs).他和鲍勃跑得一
6、样快。11自主发现3(1)当when，while，if，as if，though，as，until，unless等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，省略状语从句中的_。名师提醒省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。(2)在than，as等引导的_状语从句中常省略某些成分。主语和be动词比较12四、虚拟语气中的省略合作探究Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见
7、到她了。We insisted that they(should)go with us.我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。It is necessary that we(should)learn more words by heart.我们有必要多用心记一些单词。13自主发现(1)虚拟条件句常省略_，将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。(2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，desire)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从
8、句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that.从句中常省略_。ifshould14五、其他常见的省略1.动词不定式的省略合作探究1He didnt come，but he ought to have(come).他没来，但他本应该来。I saw him enter the room just now.He was seen to enter the room just now by me.刚才我看见他进了房间。I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。His wish is to earn a lot
9、 of money and(to)buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult.新科技的目的是使生活更方便而不是使它更困难。15自主发现1(1)有些动词(词组)，如want，wish，expect，hope，would like，try，forget等后面的不定式作_语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到_，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留
10、。(2)感官动词(词组)see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略_；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。(3)在某些句式中，如介词but，except前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略_。(4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去_；但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时，则to不可省略。宾totototo162.介词的省略合作探究2She spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。We
11、 have a final exam(in)every term.每学期我们举行一次期末考试。17自主发现2(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的_词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth；have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth；prevent/stop sb(from)doing sth。(2)表示_的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。介时间183.替代性省略合作探究3Can they fi
12、nish their work today?他们今天能完成工作吗？I think so.我认为能。I dont think so./I think not.我认为不能。19自主发现3英语中，可以使用so，_或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。名师提醒hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not.so的形式。The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？I guess not.我猜是没做好。not204.比较结构的省略合作探究4The sooner(you
13、do it)，the better(it will be).(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。自主发现4在“the比较级，the比较级”结构中和由_和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。than21巩固内化1用省略结构改写下列句子Is there anyone here to wait on us?_He is a programmer and I am a programmer，too._It sounds interesting._What a clever boy he is!_Anyone here to wait on us?He is a programm
14、er and I am，too.Sounds interesting.What a clever boy!22巩固内化2用省略结构改写下列句子I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm.I work in a factory and _.Were bound to win someday，but when are we to win?Were bound to win someday，but _？my brother on a farmwhen23巩固内化3用省略结构改写下列复合句Who is the man whom you were
15、 talking to?Who is the man _？Someone has used my mobile phone，but I dont know who has used it.Someone has used my mobile phone，but I dont know _.When it is heated，a piece of ice will turn into water._，a piece of ice will turn into water.you were talking towhoWhen heated24Although he was hard-working
16、，he couldnt earn enough to support himself._，he couldnt earn enough to support himself.Hes the man that you can safely depend on.Hes the man _.They dont use more water than it is necessary.They dont use more water _.Although hard-workingyou can safely depend onthan necessary25巩固内化4用省略结构改写下列各句If she
17、were here，she would agree too._，she would agree too.He ordered that we should go out at once.He ordered that _.If Thomas Edison had stored his money，he would have died a wealthy man._，he would have died a wealthy man.Were she herewe go out at onceHad Thomas Edison stored his money26巩固内化5 单句语法填空I had
18、 great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Do you think our team will win?I dont think _.Will you join us?I would love _.The busier(he is)，_(happy)he feels.findingsotothe happier27巩固内化6 单句语法填空The exhibition is more interesting than _(expect).I have some trouble _(learn)English.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not _.expectedlearningto
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