1、Unit 5MusicDiscovering Useful Structures过去分词作表语和状语【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空:(1)The teacher was _(annoy)at what the boy had done in the class.(2)The film star got off the plane,_(surround)by enthusiastic fans.annoyedsurrounded【要义详析】一、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。*However,when time is gone,it will never
2、 come back.然而,当时间逝去的时候,它将永远不会回来。2.“get+过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。*To get a good result,youd better get prepared for it in advance.为了得到一个好的结果,你最好提前为之做好准备。*The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到迷惑的。3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异。作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所
3、处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词。被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。*The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我的小妹妹打碎的。(被动语态)*I found that my favorite cup was broken.我发现我最喜爱的杯子破了。(过去分词作表语)4.有些过去分词作表语时,相当于形容词,且大部分已转化为形容词,常见的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk
4、,amused,astonished,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled等。*Im delighted that your university happens to offer such a good chance.很高兴你的大学碰巧提供这样好的一个机会。*He fell in love with her,and they got married in the following year.他爱上了她,第二年他们就结婚了。【名师点津】充当形容词的动词-ing形
5、式和过去分词的区别:动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义,表示“起某种作用”,多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉;过去分词一般具有被动意义,表示“受某种影响”,多用于形容人的感觉。*We all felt annoyed when we heard the annoying notice.当听到这个令人恼火的通知时,我们都感到很生气。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Finally the baby felt _(tire)of playing with those toys.(2)We were _(amaze)at what he said at the meeting.(3)The man
6、 standing there looks _,and the little boy is _.(frighten)(4)(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge).(5)They think that it is a waste of time and we may get _(injure)in the process.tiredamazedfrighteningfrightenedchalleng
7、edinjured二、过去分词作状语过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。过去分词在句中作状语时,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。1.原因状语 *Faced with the coming college entrance examination,I can only spare one hour a week for the course.由于面临高考,我只能每周为这个课程挤出一个小时。*Greatly interested in your summer camp,Im writing to apply to be one of you.由于对你们的暑期夏令营很感兴
8、趣,我写信申请成为你们中的一员。2.时间状语 *When praised,we reply with“Oh,no,no!”or“Im overpraised”to show good manners.当被表扬的时候,我们会回应“哦,不,不!”或“过奖了!”以示礼貌。*Left alone in the room,the baby began to cry.当被独自留在房间里时,婴儿哭了起来。3.条件状语 *(2018北京高考)Ordinary soap,used correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理
9、细菌。*Once cheated,I would never trust the person who cheats me.一旦被欺骗,我会永远不相信欺骗我的那个人。4.方式或伴随状语 *My father sat before the desk until after midnight,absorbed in writing.父亲坐在书桌前,全神贯注地写着,一直写到午夜之后。*Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在学生的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。5.让步状语 *Beaten by the pol
10、ice and sent to jail,Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance first.尽管受到了警察的殴打并被送入了监狱,甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。*Defeated again,he didnt lose heart.虽然再次被击败,但他没有灰心。【名师点津】过去分词作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。*Given a lot of money,he lived a better life.After he was given a lot of mon
11、ey,he lived a better life.给他许多钱后,他的日子过得好多了。*The film star got off the train,surrounded by her fans.The film star got off the train and she was surrounded by her fans.那位电影明星走下火车,被她的“粉丝”团团围住。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)There will be lectures on the importance of reading,_(follow)by book reviews.(2)_(surround)by gre
12、en mountains,my hometown has fresh air andfantastic environment.(3)_(compare)with high fees of the western medicine,the TCM has amore reasonable price.(4)_(fill)with pleasure,Jatin walked home in no time.(5)_(dress)in a uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.followedSurroundedComparedFilled
13、Dressed三、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1.逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:两者与所修饰的句子主语之间的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。*Compared with the graduates of Blue Fly Technical School,the graduates of Tsinghua University are not that skillful when operating excavators.和蓝翔技校毕业生相比,清华大学毕业生操作挖掘机时是没有那么灵巧的。(2)过去分词作
14、状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。*The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。*Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.尽管受到了父母的鼓励,他仍然没有信心克服困难。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有:lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)
15、、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。*Seated around him,we discussed our studies and looked forward to our future together.坐在他周边,我们谈论了我们的学习,并一起畅想未来。*Born in this beautiful town,he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。2.时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,或表示“一种状态”,与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(
16、doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。*Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。*Reading carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。【巧学助记】分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语,主语是关键。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed。【知识延伸】独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,我
17、们称之为独立主格结构,在句中作状语。独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开。独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+分词;名词/代词+不定式;with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。*The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。*The president assassinated(=Because the president w
18、as assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。*Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。*I stood before her with my heart beating fast.我站在她面前,心跳得很快。【语法主题应用】用本单元的语法知识(过去分词作状语)翻译下面句子,并组成一段连贯的短文。1.Eric Whitacre于1970年1月2日出生于美国,是
19、一位著名的作曲家兼指挥家。(born)2.在大学学习音乐期间,他喜欢上了莫扎特的古典音乐。(studying)3.2009年,受到一个“粉丝”寄来的视频的启发,他决定创建虚拟合唱团(inspired)4.2014年,人们观看了由Eric Whitacre指挥的UNICEF青年虚拟合唱团的演出。(conducted by)_Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Eric Whitacre is a famous composerand conductor.When studying music in the college,he fell in love with Mozartsclassical music.Inspired by a video from one of his fans,he decided to create thevirtual choir in 2009.And in 2014,the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF wasfirst seen on stage conducted by Eric Whitacre.
