1、Unit 1 Science and ScientistsPeriod 4Using Language()要点内化课自主素养储备.根据语境及首字母写出单词1.He has got b_ achievements in the field of physics.2.The President came to visit our country in the company of his a_.3.After the i_ cheers,the noise of the crowd began to die away as the group started playing.4.The compa
2、ny recognized Toms o_ work by giving him an extra payment.5.Ive learned a lot over the years and developed my l_ qualities.6.He walked along in the s_ hoping no one would recognize him.rilliantssistantnitialutstandingeadershiphadow7.He was afraid of being attacked by Liu Bei and Sun Quan,so he sent
3、a troopto d_ Jingzhou.8.We saw a beautiful r_ across the sky after raining.efendainbow.根据语境选词填空solid,shift,vivid,fault,besides,steady,gifted,trace1.He gives a _ description of his childhood in his autobiography.2.She is considered as among the most _ of the current generation of singers.3.The search
4、-and-rescue team havent found the _ of the missing climbersyet.4._ knowing French,she was also fluent in English.vividgiftedtraceBesides5.You should present _ evidence to prove your point.6.A sudden _ in the wind warned the citizens of the coming storm.7.The agreement ensured a _ supply of oil to th
5、e country.8.I was disappointed whenever my mother found _ with my work.solidshiftsteadyfault.根据语境及汉语提示写出短语1.Every small decision you make will _(对有大的影2.响)your life in the years to come.2.An experienced mechanic is _(主管)the job.3.He was still living there when the war _(爆发).4.He _(熟悉)the names of pla
6、nts in English.5.Many children in the kindergarten _(患上)the flu.have a big impact onin charge ofbroke outis familiar withcame down with6.I _(愿意)discuss this problem with you.7.She _(梦想)being an actress as a little girl.8.Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the _(抗击;对抗)cancer.am wil
7、ling todreamed offight against词汇微空间名词+ed 形容词gift n.天赋;才能 gifted adj.有天赋的;有才能的talent n.天赋;才华_ adj.有天赋的;有才华的money n.钱;货币_ adj.有钱的;富有的wood n.木头 _ adj.长满树木的;树木茂盛的man n.男人;人类 _ adj.载人的talentedmoneyedwoodedmanned.Read the first passage and fill in the following blanks.Answer the following questions accord
8、ing to the two passages.1.What made Qian Xuesen a creative scientist?_2.Why did Qian switch his major?_ 3.What was the big bang theory?_ 4.What made Hawking one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries?_ His strong interest in art.Because he wanted to help his country develop its own
9、powerful air force.It holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.His bravery and determination.知识素养积淀1.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发【观察悟】When World War broke out,he seemed to have become another man,downhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时,他似乎变成了另一个人,变得非常消沉。He decided to break away from home a
10、fter graduation.他决定毕业以后离开家。The sun broke through at around lunchtime.午饭时分,太阳破云而出。Her health broke down under the great pressure of work.她的身体在巨大的工作压力下垮掉了。When they heard the good news,they all broke into cheers.当他们听到这个好消息时,他们突然欢呼起来。They decided to break up their partnership.他们决定解除他们的合作关系。【生成得】【内化用】根据
11、句意用适当的介词或副词填空。You must break away _ the bad habits.Last night somebody broke _ Mr Browns house and took awaymany things.After the heavy rain the sun broke _ the clouds.完成句子。We hope that _.我们希望未来不会有战争爆发。fromintothroughwar will not break out in the future2.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解 派生 defencen.保卫;防守【观察悟】Qian
12、 Xuesen realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.钱学森意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护这个国家。All our officers are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.我们所有的警察都接受训练,保护自己免受持刀袭击。Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.学生们应该做好准备为自己的观点作解释和
13、辩护。Thousands of people gave their lives in defence of freedom.成千上万的人为了保卫自由献出了生命。【生成得】_保护免受;抵抗_为辩护_保卫/保护 defend.from/against.defend ones viewsin defence of【内化用】用含有defend的词块填空。When the dog attacked me,I _(自卫)with a stick.Our duty is to _(保卫祖国不受敌人侵袭).They took two years to build the fort _(保护这座岛).The w
14、all _(保护这条路不被冲垮)by the sea.defended myselfdefend our homeland against the enemiesin defence of the islanddefends the road from being washed away3.assistant n.助理;助手 派生 assistance n.帮助;协助;援助【观察悟】The dam was designed by some young assistant engineers.这个大坝是几位青年助理工程师设计的。When I was in difficulty,he kindly
15、 came to my assistance.我遇到困难时,他好心来帮助我。With the assistance of his brother,he sold one painting.在弟弟的帮助下,他卖掉了一幅画。I was only too pleased to be of assistance to you.很高兴能帮上你的忙。Their workers have always been available to offer assistance to us and answer technical questions.他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。【生成得】a
16、ssistant adj._ the assistance of在的帮助下be of assistance _有助于_ assistance to sb.向某人提供帮助come _帮助某人助理的;辅助的withtooffer/give/provideto ones assistance【内化用】We are looking for people who would be willing to _(向我们提供帮助).The horse is _(对人类有帮助的动物).I hope the following information may _(对你有帮助)in the meantime._(在邻
17、居的帮助下),the fire was at last brought under control.offer assistance to usan animal assistant to human beingsbe of assistance to youWith the assistance of the neighbours4.in charge of 主管;掌管【观察悟】Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个项目吗?I wonder how much you charge
18、for your service.我想知道你们收取多少服务费。He was charged with careless driving and failing to report the accident.他被指控粗心驾驶并且未对事故进行报告。All goods are delivered free of charge within the region.在这个范围之内所有物品免费送货。The shop is in the charge of one of his assistants.这家店现在由他的一名助理负责。【生成得】_负责;主管_被指控;被控告free of charge_在负责之下
19、charge(sb.)for sth._take charge ofbe charged with免费的in the charge of(向)收取费用【内化用】用含有charge的词块填空。An experienced engineer _(负责)the construction site.The guidebook to the museum _(免费获取).The museum should _(向我们收入场费).同义句转换。Mr Green is in charge of the farm._ _ is in charge ofis available free of chargecha
20、rge us for admissionThe farm is in the charge of Mr Green.Mr Green takes charge of the farm.5.discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事【观察悟】Nevertheless,Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.(教材典句)尽管如此,钱学森并没有因此而放弃挑战。Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not in
21、terested in talking about camera.Dont get discouraged.如果有人告诉你她对谈论相机不感兴趣,那就传给下一个人。千万不要泄气。Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.(话题典句)不要因为失败而灰心,因为你永远不清楚你离成功有多远。Unfortunately,what is coming out of the school is desperately discouraging.不幸的是,这所学校目前
22、传出的消息极其令人失望。A smile is natures best medicine for discouragement.微笑是治愈气馁的良药。【生成得】_adj.失去信心的;气馁的_adj.令人失去信心的;使人气馁的_变得灰心丧气discouragement n._discourageddiscouragingbe/get discouraged阻止;泄气;挫折【知识延伸】“阻止某人做某事”的其他表示方法:stop sb.(from)doing sth.prevent sb.(from)doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.【内化用】语法填空。Learner
23、s can feel very _(discourage)if exercises are too difficult.The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great _(discourage)to him.Its very _(discourage)to be sneered at all times.His parents tried to _ 他父母试图阻止他去当演员。discourageddiscouragementdiscouragingdiscourage him from being an actor.6.He re
24、ceived a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了来自祖国英雄般的欢迎。他不仅负责研究中国的火箭科学,而且还负责中国的航天和导弹计划。【观察悟】Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches.不但周霞,而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。I n
25、ot only play tennis but also practise shooting.我不仅打网球,而且还练射击。They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.他们不仅在课堂上说英语,而且在宿舍也说英语。Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.太阳不仅给我们光还给我们热。【生成得】not only.but(also).常用来连接两个_,also可以省略。当连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“_”,即和but(also)后面的名词或
26、代词在_上保持一致;当not only位于句首,前一个分句用_,but(also)后面的分句仍用陈述语序。并列成分就近原则人称和数倒装语序【内化用】语法填空。Not only _ they go to work on weekdays,but also on weekends.Not only men but also women _(choose)to be volunteers.She _.她不仅能很好地演奏乐器,而且还会作曲。He is famous _.他不仅闻名中国,而且闻名全球。dowere chosennot only plays instruments well,but als
27、o composesnot only in China but in the whole world7.However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.然而,使他成为如此杰出而富有创造性的科学家的或许是他对其他事情的强烈兴趣,如音乐和绘画。【观察悟】Managing the family budget must have been a very
28、 hard task,but she made it look effortless.管理家庭开支一定是一项很难的任务,但是她做起来好像一点也不费力。It was an easy test and he should have passed it.那个测试很容易,他本应该通过的。The ground is very dry,so it couldnt have rained last night.地面是干的,所以昨天晚上一定没有下雨。I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came.我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。【生成得】本
29、句中使用了“情态动词+完成结构”。常见结构还有:表示对过去的推测:may/might have done“_”;must have done“_”;cant/couldnt have done“_”。表示虚拟语气:neednt have done“_”;should have done“_”。过去不可能做过某事本不必做却做了本应该做而没做过去可能做过某事过去一定做过某事【内化用】Im very sorry for the words I _(本不应该说的)to you at that moment.He _(可能已经知道)the secret,but I am not sure.He didn
30、t hear the phone last night.He _(一定是睡着了).You _(本不必打车的),for it is not far from the company.shouldnt have saidmight have knownmust have been asleepneednt have taken a taxi8.Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk,as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in
31、1964.霍金第一次成名时,他还很健康,可以走路,那是1964年,他在剑桥大学攻读物理学研究生。【观察悟】Nobody knew what to do because there was nothing big enough to weigh it.没有人知道该怎么办,因为没有足够大的东西可以称它。His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.他视力很差,看不清这么小的字母。We hurried to the classroom,only to find none was there.我们匆忙赶到教室,结果发现一个人也没有。He lef
32、t in such a hurry as to forget his raincoat.他走得如此匆忙,连雨衣都忘了。【生成得】动词不定式作结果状语常用于下列固定结构中:_表示“足够能”,“足以”。enough前用_或_。表示“太以致不能”,“太结果没有”可用_。其中too后面跟_或_。强调意外结果,在不定式前面加only,表示“结果却”。表示“如此以至于”可用_或_。其中so后面跟_或_;such 后面跟_。enough+to do形容词副词too.todo.形容词副词so.as to dosuch.as to do形容词副词名词【知识延伸】如果too前面有否定词,则整个句子表示肯定意义,t
33、oo后面的词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。Its never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。当too 前面有only,all,but时,意为“非常”。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.非常高兴能帮助你。【内化用】The boy is old enough _(可以照顾自己).He hurried to the booking office _(结果被告知)that all the tickets had been sold out.That case is much _(太重了,你提不动).They started so e
34、arly _(结果赶上了第一班车).to take care of himselfonly to be toldtoo heavy for you to lift itas to catch the first bus【备选要点】1.trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹【观察悟】Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qians research,Qian earned the name of“the father of Chinas aero
35、space”.(教材典句)因为神舟火箭的许多技术可以追溯到钱学森的研究,因此钱学森获得了“中国航天之父”的美誉。There was a slight trace of annoyance in his words.他的话里有一点儿不高兴的情绪。The pen traces out the signals as the telescope scans the sky.这支笔把望远镜瞭望宇宙时获得的各种信号描绘出来。【生成得】_追溯到_描绘;描画_的痕迹;踪迹be traced back totrace outa trace of.【内化用】用含有trace的词块填空。There are two
36、versions for children _(描绘).There was not _(人的踪迹)on the island.The festival can _.这个节日可追溯到汉朝。to trace outa trace of human beingsbe traced back to the Han Dynasty2.take on 承担责任【观察悟】Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.(高考典句)遭受大地震成为废墟后不
37、久,这座城市呈现出新面貌。No more workers are being taken on at present.目前不再招收工人。Ill take you on in a game of tennis next week.我将在下周举行的网球赛上同你较量。【生成得】【知识延伸】take off脱下;起飞;休假;突然大受欢迎take up开始(从事);占用;接受take over接收;接管take to喜欢上;养成习惯【内化用】用含有take的词块填空。I _(已经养成习惯)getting up early in the morning and going jogging.After gr
38、aduation from college,I will _(休假一段时间)to go travelling.He is unwilling to _(承担重任).Helen always helps her mother even though her studies take up _(占了她大部分时间).have taken totake some time offtake on heavy responsibilitiesmost of e down with患(病);染上(小病)【观察悟】Since he came down with a disease which caused h
39、im to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.(教材典句)自从他得了这种病,他的大部分肌肉都丧失了功能,他的世界就成了一个抽象思维的世界。Several trees came down in last nights storm.昨晚的暴风刮倒了几棵树。My temperature came down in the morning.我的体温在早晨降下来了。The custom has come down in the area for two centuries.这种风俗在本地
40、区流传了两个世纪了。【生成得】【知识延伸】come up with想出;提出;提供come across偶然遇到;碰到;被理解come out出版;发行come about发生;产生come to sb.某人突然想起【内化用】用含有come的词块填空。This house _(流传下来)from father to son for eight generations.When reading article related to science,we often _(遇到)difficult or unfamiliar words.Our class _(提出)the idea to make better use of used materials.It was reported that many people in the world _(患上)the flu.has come downcome acrosscame up withcame down with
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