1、Unit 4Meeting the museUsing language语法精讲素养提升非谓语动词作表语【语用功能】非谓语动词跟在系动词后面作表语,构成系表结构。常用系动词有:be,get,become,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,appear,seem,stay等。三种非谓语动词指的是动词不定式,分词和动名词。它们在句法功能上有个共同的特点,即可以作句中的表语。但在表达的意义上却不尽相同。动名词和不定式作表语时,或者说明和补充主语的内容,或者是主语所产生的结果,和主语是处在同等的地位。分词作表语则相当于一个形容词,表示主语的性质或特征。【情境探究】观察上
2、面对话,并完成句子。1.你误会了。You are _.2.我的工作是教英语。My job is _ English.(动名词作表语)3.我的目标是进入一所好的大学。My aim is _to a good university.(不定式作表语)mistakenteachingto be admitted【要义详析】一、动名词用作表语*Her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract.她的工作是核对信用证和合同条款。*That is not playing the game.那样做就不公平了。*This was really c
3、arrying matters a little too far.这做得真有点太过分了。二、不定式作表语不定式作表语,表示主语的具体内容,如职业、职责或性质等,也可以表示目的、愿望等。不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。例如:*My dream is to be a doctor.=To be a doctor is my dream.我的梦想是成为一名医生。注意:如果作表语的不定式是解释主语中do的具体内容,不定式中的to可以省略。All I did was(to)turn off the gas.我所做的就是把煤气关掉。【易错精点】1.不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。动名词说明主
4、语的情况或性质,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容;现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。例如:*His job is cleaning the classroom.(动名词短语作表语)他的工作就是打扫教室。*He is cleaning the classroom.(谓语,现在进行时)他正在打扫教室。2.动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语,两者的区别是:表示比较抽象、一般的行为,不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时,多用动名词(短语);表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为,往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时,多用不定式。但在很多情况下,两者差别不太大,可以互用。试比较
5、:*Our job is building houses.【经常性的一般行为】我们的工作是盖房子。*Our main task now is to build this house.【特定的具体某次行为】我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。【即学活用】语法填空。Some peoples greatest pleasure is _(fish).To answer correctly is more important than _(finish)quickly.My task is _(show)you around our newly-built library.He seems _(live)
6、here for three years.Her wish is _(become)an engineer.fishingto finishto showto have livedto become三、分词用作表语1.现在分词作表语,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词已经形容词化,可以用副词修饰,也可以有比较级形式,如amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,charming等。例如:*The development of our aviation industry is quite enc
7、ouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。*What he says sounds more convincing.他说的话听起来更有说服力。*The European scene began to look threatening again.欧洲局势再度出现危险。2.过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词也已经形容词化,可以被副词修饰,有比较级、最高级形式,如accustomed,amazed,amused,astonished,bored,broken,closed,decided,delighted,devoted等。例如:*In the world man
8、y things are complicated.世界上的很多事情是复杂的。*The river has swollen with the melted snow.雪融河涨。*Einsteins theory of relativity is known all over the world.爱因斯坦的相对论举世闻名。【易错精点】1.分词作表语时,相当于形容词,表示性质或状态;进行时态和被动语态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分,表示具体的动作,两者不可混淆。例如:*The university presidents opening speech is encouraging.(表语)大学校长的开幕
9、词鼓舞人心。*My English teacher was encouraging me to learn English well.(过去进行时)我的英语老师鼓励我学好英语。*We are all pleased with the results.(表语)我们都对结果很满意。*We are all pleased by his job.(被动语态)我们都对他所做的工作感到很满意。2.以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物
10、,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。*He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。*He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。3.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。例如:He has a frightening look on his face.他脸上带有吓人的神情。
11、【即学活用】(1)语法填空。We all believe that if a book is _(interest),it will surely interest the readers.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _(seat)as the plane was making a landing.You sound very much _(interest)in the job,which makes me excited.It is said that listening to music makes a pe
12、rson feel _(relax)when he is tired.The story was _.We were all deeply _ by the story.(move)interestingseatedinterestedrelaxedmovingmoved(2)The city _ on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。(3)His colleagues _ his absurd behaviour.他的同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。is surroundedwere surprised at课时检测素养达标.单句语法填空1.It is s
13、aid that traditional schools are _(challenge)by alternative schools.2.(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.3.There wer
14、e many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint).challengedsweptdisappointed4.We got a little _(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.5.While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.6.For
15、those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _(connect).7.The purpose of education is _(develop)a fine personality in children.8.It is easy to get _(discourage)when things are going bad.sunburned/sunburntpromotedconnectedto developdiscouraged9.Pleas
16、e remain _(seat)until the plane has come to a complete stop.10.The children will get _(confuse)if asked to learn too much at a time.seatedconfused.选词填空1.I was very surprised to hear that he got badly _ in a motorcar accident.(injure,injured)2.Lucy was _ in ill-fitting mannish clothes;her hair was we
17、t;her face was dirty.(dressed,dressing)3.The WHO chief says:“The performance of the Chinese people in fighting against COVID-19 is _.”(encouraged,encouraging)4.Combinatorial theory is widely regarded as the most _ branch of mathematics.(delighted,delightful)injureddressedencouragingdelightful5.I fin
18、d stamp collecting very _ and it takes my mind off my work.(relaxed,relaxing)6.Boss was _ to find that coffee was not ready.(annoyed,annoying)7.He added this explanation because of his wifes _ look.(puzzled,puzzling)8.He was _ when we nailed him down to his promise.(confused,confusing)9.His speech was _ and touched my heart.(inspired,inspiring)10.As the storm was approaching,the fishermen were _ by dangers of the most perilous nature.(threatened,threatening)relaxingannoyedpuzzledconfusedinspiringthreatened
