1、Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课语法精讲透析动词不定式作定语和状语【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析动词不定式在句中的作用。1.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.2.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.
2、3.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.4.What do they do so as not to float around while they sleep?【生成得】1.动词不定式具有副词的功能,在句子中作目的状语和结果状语。2.动词不定式具有_的功能，在句子中可以作后置定语。形容词【研学析】一、动词不定式具有副词的功能,在句中作状语,修饰动词1.作目的状语。常用结构是to do。为了使目的意义更加清楚,还可用in order to或 so as to两个结构
3、。动词不定式的否定式在to前面加not。We work hard to/in order to/so as to be admitted to a key university.我们努力学习,目的是考上重点大学。(1)in order to既可以用在句尾,也可以用在句首In order to work out the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.为了解出这道数学难题,我请教了罗素教授好几次。(2)so as to只能置于句尾。We arrived early at the th
4、eatre so as to sit in the front rows.我们早早来到剧院,以便捷足先登坐在前排。【内化用】(2019江苏高考)_(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.(单句语法填空)_(为了保证成功)we must have a complete and thorough plan.在阅览室里,不要大声说话,以免妨碍别人。(用动词不定式的否定式翻译句子)_ To enjoyIn order to ensure successTalk
5、quietly in the reading room in order not to disturb others.我们应该开发新产品,以便满足国际市场的需求。(翻译句子)_We should develop new products so as to meet the demand of the internationalmarket.2.作结果状语。常用以下几种形式:(1)only to do强调意外结果 I took a taxi and arrived there,only to find other people had already left.我打出租车去了那里,结果发现其他人
6、已经离开了。(2)too+形容词/副词+to doThis house is too big to clean in one day.这幢房子太大了,一天内打扫不完。(3)形容词/副词+enough to doThe water is clear enough to see to the bottom.水清澈见底。(4)so+形容词/副词+as to do或such+名词+as to doThey started so early as to catch the first bus.他们动身很早,以便赶上头班车。You are such a kind person as to take so
7、much trouble to help me.你这人真好,这么费心地帮助我。【知识延伸】如果在too前面有否定词,则整个句子表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。Its never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。当too 前面有only,all,but时,意为“非常”,相当于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。【内化用】Some of them are careful enough _(set)aside some money for the rainy days.(单句语法填空)He hurried
8、to the school _(结果发现那里一个人也没有).The wood is so heavy as to sink in water.(句型转换)同义句:_ 这盒子太大了以至于不能放进我的袋子里。(翻译句子)_ to setonly to find nobody was thereIt is such heavy wood as to sink in water.This box is too large to be put into my bag.3.作原因状语。常用于表示表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词之后。这类表心情的形容词有glad,happy,sorry,sad,worrie
9、d,pleased,satisfied,surprised,shocked,terrified,frightened,disappointed等。He was pleased to see so many people present at his lecture.看到这么多的人出席他的讲座他很高兴。【内化用】单句语法填空。He was surprised _(find)his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.I am glad _(hear)that you have made great pr
10、ogress in English.to findto hear二、动词不定式具有形容词的功能,放在被修饰的名词或名词短语之后作后置定语,说明被修饰词的特征常用于以下几种情况:1.被修饰词前有序数词、最高级或有the only,the very,the next等对其进行修饰时He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作最好的人选。He was the first student to think of the idea.他是第一个想到这个主意的学生。2.被修饰词为不定代词something,nothing或little时I have something
11、important to do this afternoon,which you know.今天下午我有重要的事要做,这你是知道的。3.被修饰词为抽象名词时,如time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish,desire等I think we are all grown-ups and we have the ability to manage our own affairs.我认为,我们都已经长大了,有能力管理自己的事情。【内化用】单句语法填空。(2019江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests,B
12、uxton has something _(see)or do to make your visit truly memorable.I might not come from a family of college graduates,but I will be the first _(get)my degree.(2018全国卷)With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time _(work)out.to seeto getto work常温故勤总结 在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种没有词形、人称、数量变化的形式。它
13、之所以叫不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化局限。我们可以利用下面的动词不定式顺口溜熟悉动词不定式的基本概念和用法:不定式有标记,to与动原连一起。没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。主宾定状表状语,唯独作谓不可以。not加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Never pass up the chance _(learn)a new fact or a new skill.2.The easiest way _(accomplish)this is to make sure you conduct yo
14、urself as a good neighbor should.3.I have nothing _(say)about my success but tears,sweat and perseverance.4.The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey _(study)in an English-speaking country.课时素养达标to learnto accomplishto sayto study5.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of
15、rice _(improve)water quality.6.In order _(catch)up with and surpass the advanced world levels well have to accelerate our speed.7._(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.8.For more than two hours we waited outside for the decision,only _(tell)to come again the nex
16、t day.to improveto catchTo maketo be told.完成句子1.We left for the station so early _(以便赶上头班火2.车).2.Unfortunately,we didnt _(没有时间去)sightseeing in the city yet.3._(为了通过考试),he worked hard.4.I believe you can achieve anything if you _(足够努力去做)it.as to catch the first trainhave the time to goIn order to pas
17、s the examwork hard enough to do5.We were very _(听到这个消息很兴奋).6._(解决这个问题的最好办法)is to depend on yourself.7.Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got _(面对挑战的勇气).excited to hear the newsThe best way to solve the problemthe courage to face the challenge语法填空Each year 1.(thousand)of tourists visit the polar
18、 regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number of people travelling to the ends of the Earth can have 2.negative effect on fragile ecosystems.Should tourists 3.(allow)to visit polar regions?About 40,000 tourists visit Antarctica each year.More than five million travel to the Arctic
19、and sub-Arctic.Transporting tourists to the regions 4.(increase)ship and airplane traffic,adding to the risk of pollution,oil spill,and other 5.(environment)damage.Because the places where wildlife is accessible 6.(be)few in number,tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas,7.(put)Arc
20、tic vegetation at risk.Others say that the access 8.these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists.Polar tourism allows people 9.(develop)deep personal connections with polar regions.“Those 10.travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheerlea
21、ders for supporting those places.”Jim Sano,vice president for travel and conservation at World Wildlife Fund,told TFK.【语篇概述】越来越多的人喜欢去极地旅游,而这对南、北极的生态环境产生了很大影响。到底该不该去极地旅游呢?1.【解析】thousands。thousands of“成千上万的”。2.【解析】a。have a(n).effect on“对有的影响”,negative的读音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。3.【解析】be allowed。allow sb.to do
22、sth.“允许某人做某事”,句中tourists作主语,因此此处用被动语态。4.【解析】increases。动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。5.【解析】environmental。修饰名词用形容词形式。6.【解析】are。此处叙述的是客观情况,用一般现在时,主语为places,故应用are。7.【解析】putting。此处为现在分词短语作结果状语。8.【解析】to。access to为固定短语,意为“接近,有权使用”。9.【解析】to develop。动词不定式作allow的宾语补足语。10.【解析】who。先行词为Those,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故用who。【补偿训练】单句语法
23、填空1.I think Im well enough _(get)back to school.2.He hurried to the station,only _(tell)that the train had left.3.He ran so _(quick)as to catch the last bus.4.There is nothing _(worry)about.to getto be toldquicklyto worry同义句转换5.Tom is so young as not to look after himself._翻译句子6.他答应明天按时来。_7.你是唯一迟到的人。_Tom is such a young boy as not to look after himself.He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.You are the only person to be late.
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