1、Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2020陕西摸底检测) In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesops Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do
2、understand how to make water displacement(排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Insi
3、de the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tu
4、bes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a gre
5、ater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can so
6、lve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。1How did the crows get the snack in Sarahs experiment?ABy breaking the tube.BBy dropping in
7、erasers.CBy standing on the wood.DBy removing the wood.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。2What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Para
8、graph 4?AThey were unable to tell different shapes.BThey dropped objects only into narrow tubes.CThey were not aware of the snack at first sight.DThey mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.D解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的
9、细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。3What does the text mainly focus on?AStories of Aesops Fables.BThe development of crows.CCrows intelligence.DHumananimal communication.C解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕
10、乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。4What do we know about crows in the passage?ACrows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.BCrows understand water displacement completely.CChimps and children are much smarter than crows.DThe story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results
11、suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。B(2020潍坊统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals dr
12、ooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on themall signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a planteating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.When ecologist John O
13、rrock of the University of WisconsinMadison sprayed snail slimea liquid the animals release as they slide alongonto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent planteating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attack
14、ed，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat. The inv
15、estigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overa
16、ll possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.The finding that a snails approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “
17、It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such farranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”“Thats the mill
18、iondollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。5John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to _Amake them grow betterBgive them a war
19、ningCkeep planteating animals awayDinform planteating animals of dangerB解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured
20、 the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。6Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?ATo introduce another animal.BTo confirm the result of the study.CTo appeal to people to protect animals.DTo analyze different resistance chemicals.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially
21、Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warnings impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。7What does Richard Karban really want to know?AHow tomato plants become aware of danger.BWhat the chemicals in the snail slime ar
22、e.CWhether the research is of practical value.DWhat the finding of the research is.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选
23、A。8What can be a suitable title for the text?AWatchful PlantsBGreedy AnimalsCA Snails ApproachDA Defense AttackA解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。.完形填空(2020昆明诊断测试)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didnt recognize today. I _1_ it was somethin
24、g to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer _2_ when the number called a 4th time. _3_， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had _4_ anything. I said I didnt think so and _5_ who it was.It was a man called Darren who _6_ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving
25、, my purse _7_. He picked it up and _8_ to see where I had gone but he couldnt see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the _9_ inside it.I have just been to _10_ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is _11_ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he sa
26、id he had taken out some _12_ to call me to return my purse. But _13_ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still _14_. I admit that I wouldnt have blamed him if hed spent more of the _15_I felt _16_ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had _17_
27、. It made me _18_ not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone _19_， but that I was going to a warm home.The _20_ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.【解题导语】本文通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的地方。1A.assumedBpromisedCdeclared DagreedA解析：根据语境可知，作
28、者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise “许诺”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。2A.gently BgratefullyChumorously DeagerlyD解析：根据上文“I _ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。gently“温和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。3A.Often BInsteadCStill DBesidesB解析：根据上文
29、可知，作者认为那通电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead “相反”符合语境。4A.explored BboughtClost DcheckedC解析：根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。5A.forgot BrememberedCsuspected DaskedD解析：根据语境可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget “忘记”；remember “记得”；suspect “怀疑”。6A.explained Brequest
30、edCrepeated DbelievedA解析：根据语境可推知，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。7A.broke BfailedCdropped DdisappearedC解析：根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。8A.walked away Blooked aroundCturned up Dgot throughB解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，Darren环顾(looked around)四周寻找作者。9A.card BaddressCbill DnumberD解析：根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包，拨打了
31、里面的号码(number)。10A.meet BquestionCbeg DremindA解析：根据语境可知，通过电话后，作者去见(meet)Darren以拿回自己的钱包。11A.hopeful BhelpfulChomeless DspeechlessC解析：根据本句中的“lives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。12A.pictures BchangeCtickets DjewelryB解析：根据上文可推知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。13A.
32、in spite of Bin terms ofCowing to Dapart fromD解析：根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系外，其余的东西都没动(untouched)。14A.untouched BunlimitedCclassified DconsumedA解析：参见上题解析。untouched “原封未动的”符合语境。15A.time BeffortCcash DenergyC解析：作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。16A.embarrassed Bsurp
33、risedCworried DrelaxedB解析：作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而且这个人一无所有(nothing)，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。17A.everything BsomethingCanything DnothingD解析：参见上题解析。nothing “没有什么”符合语境。18A.realize BconsiderCrecall DimagineA解析：根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。19A.familiar BpoliteChonest DwiseC解析：参见上题解析。20A.shop BworldCenvironment DstreetB解析：根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，这个世界(world)将会是一个更加美好的地方。
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