1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文话题：公民科学时间：7分钟Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated t
2、asks such as observation，measurement or computation.An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst.Over the past six growing seasons，Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers.They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit.The observations go
3、 into a huge database.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly.For example，people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a star.People can exa
4、mine satellite images of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan，the Mongolian warrior and ruler.Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present.Thousands of Americans and Cana
5、dians volunteered to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch.Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water.Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen，a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma.It keeps track of pollutants in Puget So
6、und.Some people，including scientists，still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data.New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality，and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science.Public health research is another area where average citizens are gettin
7、g involvedin some cases，whether researchers like it or not.The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done.There is even a saying for this kind of activism：“No more research about us without us.”【语篇导读】本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。1Who are the participants involve
8、d in citizen science?AProfessional scientists who have retired.BThe public showing interest in some science projects.CCitizens who have specific scientific training.DStudents wanting to be scientists.解析细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有兴趣的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。答案B2According to the passage，if you
9、are interested in plants，you may take part in _.AProject BudBurstBProject FeederWatchCSoundCitizenDpublic health research解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.”可知答案为A。答案A3From Paragr
10、aph 3，we can infer that _.Acitizen science develops quickly and includes many fieldsBthere is no need for professional scientists to do researchCobservation is the only method to do citizen scienceDcitizen science has grown in testing water解析推理判断题。根据第二段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizen science发展迅速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确
11、。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。答案A4What can help get reliable data in citizen science?ASpecific scientific training.BMore participation of the public.CGreater social support.DNew digital tools.解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“New digital tools can help.take part in citizen science.”可知答案为D。答案D【长难句解读】原文Citizen science is a term u
12、sed for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation，measurement or computation.译文公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者
13、群体，他们中许多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学研究有关的一些任务，如观察、测量或计算。分析定语从句“in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers.or computation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projects or ongoing programs of scientific work”，这一定语从句的主语“individual volunteers or networks of volunteers”又被many of whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D
14、项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Believe it or not, optical illusion(视错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are dri
15、ving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around th
16、e country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Too great speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks are the gr
17、eatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平杆)painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
18、Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.36. The passage mainly discusses _.A. a new type
19、of optical illusion B. a new pattern for painting highwaysC. a new way of training driversD. a new way of highway speed control【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。37. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that _.A. they should avoid speed-related dangerB. th
20、ey should slow down their speed C. they are driving in the wrong sideD. they are coming near to the speed limit【答案】B【解析】细节理解题，由“But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”可知B项正确。38. Compare
21、d with straight, horizontal bars, what is the advantage of chevrons? A. They will have a longer effect on drivers B. They can cut road accidents in half C. They will look more attractive D. They can keep drivers awake【答案】A【解析】推断题。由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。39. The American Automobile Associat
22、ion Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.A. repeat the Japanese road patternsB. change the road signs across the country C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD. try out the Japanese method in certain areas【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roa
23、ds around the country”可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。40. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A. They are suitable only on broad roads. B. They are falling out of use in the United States.C. They are ignored in a long period of time.D. They cannot be used successfully
24、 to traffic circles.【答案】C【解析】推理题。根据“However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知答案选C。【2013界虹口区质量监控测试题】 Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer t
25、hat best completes the sentence.25. _ economy in some European countries worsening, many more workers had to be laid off. A. With B. By C. For D. Beyond26. Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now? - Yes, he _, and he looked a little bit nervous. A. had been interviewed B. interviewed C.
26、 was being interviewed D. was interviewed27. A reporters task is to inform readers of the events that happened, _ conclusions.A. not draw B. not drawing C. not to draw D. not drawn28. Do you believe drinking a glass of wine every day _ reduce the danger of heart diseases? A. could B. must C. need D.
27、 should29. Before the ladies _ the colorful box, filled with things like books, dolls and fancy clothes.A. was lain B. are lain C. lie D. lay 30. Boys and girls, make sure you _ your names on the test paper before handing them in.A. wrote B. write C. will write D. had written31. Of all the clues the
28、y provided, _ is of any help for solving the case of robbery.A. nothing B. neither C. none D. no one32. In extreme weather, a worn tyre can break easily _ its mended, as is often the case.A. when B. where C. which D. that33. _ once every two years, whether it is a car, a bus or a lorry, is the rule
29、that all drivers must obey in our country. A. Having been examined B. Examined C. Examining D. Being examined34. People generally think that fairness and justice are at the centre of _ they are striving for.A. how B. why C. which D. what35. It worries the couple a lot _ their only son is behaving wo
30、rse and worse these days.A. how B. why C. that D. what 36. an important position in a big company, Richard has a good chance to improve himself.A. Offered B. Offering C. Having offered D. To offer37. According to what he complained about, something must have gone wrong with the computer, _?A. mustnt
31、 it B. didnt he C. hasnt he D. didnt it38. In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people _ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.A. that B. where C. whom D. which39. Making a proper choice _ the future will probably make much difference in our life. A. concerning B. to concern C.
32、 concerned D. having concerned40. - How long do you think it will be _ the bus arrives here?- No more than five minutes.A. when B. before C. since D. after【参考答案】25-40: ACCAD BCBDD CADBA B 第二组 10分钟1. I just dont understand _ that prevents so many children at school from being as happy as one might ex
33、pect. A. what it is B. what it does C. what is it D. why is it2. We have done things we ought not to have done and _ undone things we ought to have done. A. left B. leaving C. will leave D. to leave3. Reading provides the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes _ we read our
34、s. A. that B. what C. which D. it4. He never does anything wrong. He should be the _ to blame. A. least B. last C. worst D. best5. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color. A. a ; / B. a ; the C. / ; the
35、D. the ; a 6. As _ clear from his manners, he seems to be much of a scholar. A. being B. is C. if D. though7. Elworths barn burned down, but they saved what cattle _ were in the barn. A. that B. they C. there D. where8. The film youd like to _ quickly wont be ready until tomorrow. A. have develop B.
36、 have developed C. have to develop D. have to be developed9. If you show your respect for your motheropinions, though you may not _them, she will feel _ to you. A. agree; closely B. admit; close C. share; close D. use; closely10. You can use a large plastics bottle, _ cut off, as a plot to grow flow
37、ers in. A. its top is B. the top of which C. whose top D. with its top11. _ there, the southwest desert contains a remarkable variety of plants. A. Rarely as it rains B. Sometimes it rains C. It rarely rains D. Although rarely rains12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, a
38、nd this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests. A. before B. as C. since D. when13. - How did you sleep last night? - Like a log. Never slept _. A. well B. worse C. badly D. better14. Fred seems very clear. His ideas led to _ a pay raise.A. his awarded B. his being awarded C. him to award D. him to be awarded15. I remember _ the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to be paid for B. being paid forC. to be paid back D. being paid back【参考答案】- 8 - 版权所有高考资源网