1、同义词和反义词观察例句1Regretful to say, art is long; life is short.2He joined us in the game for one hour and attended the meeting.3You should know the advantages and disadvantages of the programme.4For instance, in Mexico its legal to drive, but illegal to get into an accident.归纳用法一、同义词分类1绝对同义词指的是两个或两个以上的词或短
2、语有完全相同的语义，任何情况下都可以互换使用，此类同义词很少，大多专业术语，如：mother language和native language，可以互换使用，意义没有区别。例如：(1)meet和encounter(2) important和significant(3)surprised和amazed或astonished2相对同义词指的是含义基本相同，在程度、范围或用法上有细微的差别，一般在句子中不能替换使用。例如：(1)imagine, guess, supposeimagine意为“想象，幻想”，指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象，或认为某事物可能发生或存在。guess“猜测，臆测”，指未知
3、道前的猜测；suppose “想象，推测”，意指“假定或假设中的情形”。(2) attend/join/take part in的用法区别attend指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等；句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。join指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等。take part in指积极参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。二、反义词分类1词根反义词指的是不同词根构成的反义词；例如：success和failure；war和peace；cold和hot；busy和free；danger和s
4、afety；dark和bright等2派生反义词由派生构成的反义词；此类反义词一般是加否定前缀或否定后缀构成。(1)否定前缀dis主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等；in常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能、无力、inaccurate不准确的等；im加在字母m，b，p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的、impudence厚颜无耻；il主要加在以l开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate
5、文盲的、illogical不合逻辑的；ir放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不规则的、irresistible不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的；un主要放于名词、形容词、副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业；non加在形容词、名词前，以non为否定前缀的词有nonexistence不存在、nonessential不主要的、nonelectrical非电的；而mis加在动词、名词前，例如misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortun
6、e不幸；dis加在动词之前，例如disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系；de加在名词、形容词前，常见的例子有demobilize遣散，使复员；decolor 脱色，漂白；anti加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是antiJapanese 抗日的、antisocial厌恶社会的；反社会的 antidote 解毒的药；(2)否定后缀英语中只有三个否定后缀：less、free、proof。 less后缀；如：homeless；hopeless；endless等；free后缀；如：fatfree milk 脱脂牛奶；sugarfree dessert 无糖甜点；wri
7、nklefree pants 无皱裤；handsfree device 免提装置；proof后缀一般表示“防的”；如：waterproof防水的； rainproof 防雨的；airproof不透气的。.单句语法填空1Its not so hopeless(hope) as you imagined.2The black car drove away from them and disappeared(appear)3Perhaps I misunderstood(understand), but are you quite sure there is no problem in the co
8、ntract?4Unemployment(employ) is so damaging both to individuals and to communities.5She was taken to hospital suffering from an irregular(regular) heartbeat.6He has been charged with membership of an illegal(legal) organisation.7It was impossible(possible) for anyone to get in because no one knew th
9、e password.8The incorrect(correct) information caused us to make a wrong decision.短文语法填空I 1.disagree(agree) with your plan because it is 2.improper(proper) to have these little children do such dangerous work.They are too young 3.to be employed(employ)So it is 4.illegal(legal) to get them to work in
10、 the factory.5.Unfortunately(fortunately), I found there were many children 6.working(work) there.They were 7.unable(able) to get enough sleep and rest.It is 8.unbearable(bearable) that they were afraid of express their 9.dissatisfaction(satisfaction) to you.The government leaders had express their 10.disapproval(approve)