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2021年高考英语考点汇总 代词素材.doc

1、代词一、 人称代词1. 人称代词的分类和数:2. 人称代词作主语时要用主格,作宾语时用宾格,作表语时常用宾格。Shes my classmate. Iboughtapresentforhim.【名师点睛】在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.It was I that first arrived at the airport.3. 几个人称代词单数并列主语时,一般的排列顺序为:单数二 三 一(人称),即you, he ,I。复数一二三,即we, y

2、ou, they。You,she and I will be in charge of the case.1.As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。故把us改为me。2.

3、 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处作find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。二、 物主代词1.物主代词的分类和数:人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs2. 物主代词的用法:(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语,不

4、能单独使用。(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、表语和宾语,也可与of连用作 后置定语,但不能单独作定语This isnt my shirt; mine is over there.物主代词用法口诀物主代词分两种 形容词性名词性 形容词性能力差 自己不能来当家 句子当中作定语 身后定把名词加 物主代词名词性 相当名词可单用 句中充当主宾表 身后没有名词影 两种代词形不同 添个“s”形变名 his,its不用变 my变mine要记清【巧学妙记】三、 反身代词1. 反身代词的形式第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself / hersel

5、f /itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2. 反身代词常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词后和by, for, to ,of 等介词后作宾语All of them enjoyed themselves. 所有的人都玩得很好。Help yourself to some fish. 请自己动手吃点鱼吧。3. 反身代词有时用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语,表示身体或精神处于正常状态。You dont seem yourself today. 你今天好像不太好。4. 强调用法:反身代词在强调用法中

6、表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。如:You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。I myself did the homework last night。 昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。5. 含有反身代词的短语for oneself 给(为)自己,独自to oneself 对自己say to oneself 心里想 talk / speak to oneself自言自语come to oneself 苏醒过来 absent oneself缺席beside oneself失常,若狂 by

7、 oneself 独自地,单独地of oneself 独自,自发地1. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment is created for them.【答案】yourselves改为 themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。2.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nerv

8、ous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。3. Those who smoke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself【答案】C【解析】句意:那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及

9、他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those,故选择C项。【巧学妙记】反身代词的用法歌诀:反身代词莫乱用,能作句中宾、表、同,主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。单数反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数反身代词:ourselves, yourselves, themselves1. this, that, these, those的区别(1)this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and

10、that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.(2)this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.(3)为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder tha

11、n that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.(4)this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍,that用于询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词 so。Can hard work change a person that much?2. so(1)指示代词so在句中常作宾语,还常用在动词think, believe, suppose, guess等后面,代替上文 提到的事情。Its likely to snow. 好像要下雪了。 I believe so.我想是的。(2)用在hope, I

12、m afraid后,代替上文提到的观点,只用于肯定句。Is she coming to the party? 她回来聚会吗? I hope so. 我希望会。(3)有时前后两个句子中有相同的“动词+宾语”, 为了避免重复,后一个句子中常用do so来代替。Have you handed in your homework?你的家庭作业交了吗? I did so yesterday.我昨天就交了。3. such(1)指如前面所述的这样的人或事物。Such is our plan for the coming holiday. 这就是我们为即将到来的假期制订的计划。(2)such作定语修饰名词时,与

13、all/any/no/some/many/several等词连用,常置于这些词的后面。All such things can be found on the Internet. 所有这些东西都可以在网上找到。(3)such与不定冠词连用修饰可数名词单数时,such需置于不定冠词前;当such前有no时,则不用不定 冠词。He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. 他是如此可爱的一个男孩,我们都很喜欢他。There is no such man here. 这里没有一个这样的人。4. one, the one, that, it的区别易混词含义th

14、is指代上文说过的事物或下文要提到的事物。代替可数名词复数用these。that用来指代上文提到的某一个名词,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,表示特指。代替可数名词复数用those(相当于the ones),后面必须有定语。one(复数形式是ones)只能用来指代上文提到的某一个可数名词单数,表示同名异物。其前可以有定语,其后也可以有定语。it指上文提到的同一个事物,也可指代前面(或后面)整句话的意思。通常还可用作形式主语或形式宾语。This is the book I borrowed from Lucy. 这就是我从露西那儿借的书。The population of Shandong

15、is larger than that of Qinghai. 山东的人口比青海的人口多。I dont like the blue shirt. I like the yellow one. 我不喜欢这件蓝色的衬衫。我喜欢那件黄色的。Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit. 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。1. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _ who are not. A. onesB. those C.

16、theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。2. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. itB. those C. one D. that 【

17、答案】C【解析】句意:通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知,此处指上句提到的一起交通事故,故用one代替。即C项正确。 3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意:我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子,但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。1. both,

18、either, neither, , all, none, no one, nobody both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的 任何一个”,与否定词连用,表示对两者的全部否定; neither表示“两者都不”,其后可接of短语 all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”; none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只 能用none; no one=nobody表示“没有一个人”,其后均不可接of短语, 常用来回答who引导的问句。Both of my pare

19、nts are doctors.我的父母都是医生。All of the students are interested in it.所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.他有两个儿子,都不富有。He has three sons, none of whom is rich.他有三个儿子,都不富有。2. 不定代词some与any的用法在通常情况下,some要用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句中,一般用any代替。但是,这只是一般情况。在某些特殊情况下,some也可用于疑问句和否定句。(1)some用于疑问句:一是用于可预料答语为“是

20、”的问句中,二是用于表示请求或建议的疑问句。如:Did some of you sleep on the floor? 你们有人睡在了地板上吗?Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?(2)some用于否定句:Some用于否定句主要见于以下情形:用于部分否定的句子中。比较:I do not like any of the films. 这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。I dont like some of the films. 这些电影中的某一些我不喜欢。I dont like some one of the films. 这些电影中某一部我不喜欢。用于否

21、定句,但在否定范围之外。如:I havent seen Tom for some years. 我有好几年没见到汤姆了。Some of the students didnt see the film. 其中有些学生没有看这部电影。用于否定句表示特别的强调。如:It should be for all our children, not just some. 这应该适用于我们所有的儿童,而不仅仅是某些孩子。用于否定句介词without之后。如:Its risky to buy a car without some good advice. 不作些咨询就去买车是有风险的。若在without后用an

22、y,则所表示的语气很强,含有“没有任何”“没有一点儿”之意。如:We did the work without any difficulty. 我们干这工作没有任何困难。3. few, a few 与 little, a little的用法(1) few和a few的用法:其后要接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有 否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。比较:It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没几个人能懂。It is very difficult,

23、but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。(2) little 和 a little的用法:其后接不可数名词,其用法区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似。如:Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。4. other, the other, another与others的用法这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳

24、如下:(1) 指单数时的区别:若泛指用another,若特指用 the other。如:Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。 Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。(2) 指复数时的区别:若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词)。如:There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了?(3) others的用法:它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大

25、致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样 地 the others 大致相当于“the other复数名词”。如:Other people Others may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。He is cleverer than the others the other students in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。(4) another的用法:一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时, 则也可接复数名词。如:We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。In anothe

26、r two weeks itll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。 5. each和everyeach 指代或修饰单数可数名词,强调个体,多用于两者或两者以上的场合,可与of连用。作主语时, 谓语动词用单数every修饰单数可数名词,强调整体,用于三者或三者以上的场合,不与of连用。For boys, you can buy socks for only $5 each. 男士袜子每双只需5美元。Every mother loves her children dearly. 每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。6. 复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词包括 something, someb

27、ody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点:(1)其定语修饰语的位置:复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面。如:There is nothing wrong with the rad

28、io. 这收音机没有毛病。Have you seen anyone anybody famous? 你见过名人吗?(2)复合不定代词与指示代词:指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词 和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:If anybody comes, ask him them to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they。如:Everything is ready, isn

29、t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?(3)其后是否接of短语:anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后 接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写)。如:any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)1. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anoth

30、er animals.【答案】another改为other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知,将another改成other。2. The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B【解析】句意:会议将在九月份举行,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知,前后语意是转折关系,虽然都知道是在九月份,但是没有人知道具体的日期。3. Niki is alway

31、s full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. A. nothingB. no one C. neither D. none【答案】D【解析】句意:Niki总是有各种想法,但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指什么东西都没有;no one泛指没有人;neither指的是两者都不;none则特指没有特定的人或物,范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上,因此none符合题意,故选D。4. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be

32、in all day.【答案】Either【解析】句意:我该什么时间给你打电话,早上还是下午?都可以,我一整天都在家。上句提到了两个时间,故可用both, either, neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知,两个时间中的那个时间来都可以。it作为代词用法非常灵活,可用于代替上文中提到的事物,代替上文中说到的一件事,代替不知情的人(尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人)。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语。一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情,没有性别的区分;可

33、以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语。1. 指动物和植物。 Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。2. 指代无生命的东西。 This is my watch. Its made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous! 哦,你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的!二、用于指代人1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲

34、门时用。 Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门? Its me. 是我。2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。 Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? 看,有人过来了。他可能是谁呢? It may be the headmaster. 可能是校长。3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人。 Whos that? 那人是谁? Is it Helen? 是海伦吗? Yes, I think youre right. Its Helen. 是的,我想你说对了,是海伦。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等1. 表示时间。 What

35、s the date? 今天是几月几日?Its the third of March. 今天是3月3日。2. 表示距离。 Its only five minutes walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。3. 表示自然现象。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。4. 表示环境、形势等。 If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话,我明天能见到你。四、用作形式主语,替代动词不定式,动名词或从句1. It is clear (obvious,true,possible,certain.) that.该句

36、型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语 从句,常译为清楚(显然,真的,可能,肯定)。 It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语 是that引导的主语从句;该结构常译为据说(据报道,据悉)。 It is reported that another satellite has

37、 been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。3. It is time (about time,high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是从句的谓语 动词常用过去时态表示虚拟,有时也用should动词原形,should不能省略,常译为是(正是)的 时候了。 It is time that children should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。4. It is the first (second.) time that.该句型中的that从

38、句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态, 由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后 面从句则用过去完成时态,该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this/that替换,常译为是第一(二) 次做。 It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should动词原形),should可省略,表示出乎意

39、料,常译为竟然。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾! It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾!6. It happens (seems,looks,appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。7. It b

40、eadj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid.) of sbto do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定 式的逻辑主语由of引起,句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑 主语的)。常见的形容词有bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible, kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。这个句型可以转换为: sb isadj.to do sth

41、It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。8. It beadj.(difficult,easy,hard,important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑 主语由for引起,形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰 动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult, dangerous,unusual,impossi

42、ble,pleasant等。 It is important for her to come to the party.It is important that she (should) come to the party. 对她来说,参加这次聚会很重要。9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人时间 It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人钱 It will cost my father f

43、ive thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。11. Its up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做 It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。12. Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth该句型常译为做是徒然的/没有益处的,句中的动名词短语是真正的主语,表语可以是no use(not any use),no good(not any good)等。 I

44、ts no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。五、作形式宾语1. 用于 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 句型中:当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语 从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。 I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静,这很重要。 I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。 I make it a rule that I read

45、English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。2. 用于主语及物动词宾语句型中:有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句,需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make(按时到达,成功),have(表明,坚持说),take(认为,猜想),hide(隐瞒),publish(公布),put(表达,写出来)等。 I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。 The report has it that no one was

46、to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。 We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。answer for(承担的后果),count on(期待),depend on(依靠),insist on(坚持主张,坚决要求),see to(确保)等。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。六、it构成强调句1. 强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。2.

47、强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。 It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday. 我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语) It was in Beijing that we visited the Birds Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语) It is my

48、 mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day. 每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)3. 对not.until结构的强调not.until结构的强调句型为It is/was not until.that.在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。 I didnt realize it until I got of

49、f the bus.It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.4. 如何识别强调句型强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义,去掉后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句意仍然明确;而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后,句意不完整。 It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。(强调句型) It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。(it作形式主语)1. Many westerners 57 (w

50、ho/that) come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。2.It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors. A. who B.

51、where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。一、部分否定与全部否定1. no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。None of us was going to the party. 我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。2. 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody,

52、everthing等以及“every+名词” 的句子中时,不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke. = All of them dont smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明,但他们当中没有一个人能解出这道题。二、 it构成的几个易混淆的句型1. It+be+时间+since引导的状语从句 这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间,意为“自从以来已多

53、久了”。表示现在的情况时,主句多用一般现在时,从句多用一般过去时;表示过去的情况时,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。如: It is three years since his father passed away. 自从他父亲去世已经三年了。 It was 10 years since they had married. 自从他们结婚已经十年了。 2. It+be+时间+before引导的状语从句 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语,如some time, long, years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式时

54、,意为“过多长时间才”;用否定式时,意为“没过多长时间就”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be/be going to be:用was 时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用will be 时,before从句常用一般现在时。 如: It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了一段时间我才了解到真相。 It wasnt long before he told us about this affair. 没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。 It will be many years before the situation im

55、proves. 这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。 3. It+be+时间+when引导的状语从句 这个句型中,it 指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,但是当主句是will be时,when从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。如: It was already 8 oclock when we got home. 我们到家时已经8点了。 It will be the next morning when we finish our work. 我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。1. Nervously _2(facing)

56、_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。2.While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as

57、James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。3. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】it【解析】根据上文“the railway quickly”可知,此处用it代替the railway。4. M

58、r. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 【答案】all both或者all去掉【解析】因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。5.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 【答案】your my【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事,因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。. 单项填空1 Look at the price of that bike! It is practi

59、cally the same as _of a new motorcycle. AoneBthatCitDthis【答案】B【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:看一下那辆自行车的价格!几乎和一辆新的摩托车的价格一样了。代词one指代可数名词单数,表示泛指;that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词,后面有定语修饰,表示特指。it指代上文提及的同一事物;this指代说过的或即将要说的事物。本句中使用that指代不可数名词the price,后面有介词短语of a new motorcycle修饰,表示特指。故B项正确。2 The boys knew they had broken the rules, and

60、 they were _ but happy when called to the office. AnothingBanythingCsomethingDeverything【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语。句意:男孩们知道他们违反了规定,当被叫到办公室时,他们一点也不高兴。短语anything but“根本不;一点不”。故选B。3 China has hundreds of island and the biggest of_is Taiwan. AthatBthemCwhichDthis【答案】B【解析】考查并列句。句意:中国有数百个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。分析句子结构可知本句为两个并列的

61、陈述句,介词of后跟人称代词的宾格形式them,指代上文hundreds of island。故选B。4 To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his girlfriend and then _ of her parents. AoneBthe oneCthatDthose【答案】C【解析】考查替代。句意:令他高兴的是,汤姆很快赢得了他女朋友的信任,然后是她父母的信任。此处the trust是the+不可数名词,用that替代。故选C。5 You look beautiful in this dress and there is onl

62、y one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy _. AitBoneCsomeDany【答案】A【解析】考查代词。句意:你穿这件衣服很漂亮,这种(样式)这里只剩下一件了。我不知道你是否会买它。根据“there is only one of this kind left here”可知,此处表示前面提到的那一条裙子,故选A。6(2019天津高考模拟)_ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. AAnythingBNothing

63、CEverythingDSomething【答案】B【解析】考查代词辨析。A.任何事;B.没有什么;C.一切事物;D.某事。句意:在我的生命中,没有什么和第一次去故宫博物院参观如此令我印象深刻了。故选B。7You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand. AEveryoneBNo oneCOneDSomeone【答案】A【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。everyone每个人;no one没有人;one一个人;someone某个人。根据“You can ask any

64、one for help”可知,每个人都愿意帮忙。故A选项正确。8 In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _, knives and forks.AanotherBotherCothersDthe other【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。固定搭配:some., others.“一些,另一些”,others在此相当于other countries,故选C。9 The naughty little Tom is now over the moon. He t

65、hinks he is _ in that new uniform.AnothingBsomethingCnobodyDanybody【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:淘气的小汤姆现在欣喜若狂。他认为自己穿着那件新制服是重要的人。A. nothing无关紧要的事;B. something重要的人;C. nobody无名小卒;D. anybody平常人,anybody常用于否定句和疑问句,故选B。10Can I help you? Id like to buy a present for my fathers birthday, _ at the proper price but of

66、great value. Athat Beverything Cone Dthis【答案】C【解析】考查代词。A. that指代单数可数名词后者不可数名词,后面要有定语修饰,表示特指;B. everything意外“所有事情”,表示强调;C. one指代单数可数名词,表示泛指;D. this指代要说的内容。句意:有什么我可以帮忙的吗?我想为父亲的生日买一个礼物,一个价格合理但很贵重的礼物。句中one与前句中a present是同位语,都表示泛指。故C项正确。. 语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you only got six hours shut

67、eye last night, there is no need 1 ( lose )sleep over it.Scientists say that though it is 2 (wide) believed that we need eight hours of sleep a night, six to seven hours is the natural amount.Advising short-sleepers to rest easy, the US researchers say, 3 (have) important implications(暗示,含义) for the

68、 idea that we need to take sleeping pills because sleep has been reduced from 4 (it) natural level by the widespread use of electricity, TV, the Internet and so on.The lead author of a study, Ghandi, said: “Theres the 5 (expect) that we should all be sleeping for eight or nine hours a night, and if

69、we took away modern technology, we would be sleeping more. But now, for the first time, we are showing thats not 6 truth.”Most of those 7 were studied slept for less than seven hours a night, with the average amount just six hours and 25 minutes. This is much less than the eight hours often 8 (recom

70、mend) in western societies.Despite this, the people studied were in good health, 9 lower rates of obesity(肥胖症), better blood pressure and 10 (healthy) hearts than people in industrialized societies. They were also fitter.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明:和八小时的睡眠相比,一个晚上六到七个小时的睡眠更好。1. to lose 【解析】考查固定句式。There is no

71、need to do sth.是固定句式,意为“没有必要做某事”,故填to lose。2. widely 【解析】考查副词。该空修饰动词believe,需用副词,故填widely。3. has 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:建议睡眠不足的人放松休息对我们需要服用安眠药的想法有重要意义。根据下文可知,该句应用一般现在时态。且主语为动名词,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填has。4. its 【解析】考查代词。句意:由于电力、电视、互联网等的广泛使用,睡眠已从其自然水平上减少了。 该空修饰后面的名词level,应该用形容词性物主代词,故填its。5. ex

72、pectation 【解析】考查名词。句意:人们期望我们每晚睡八到九个小时,如果我们将现代科技拿开,我们就会睡得更多。该题【解析】考查There be+n.结构,该空作表语,因此应该填名词。且根据“There be+n.结构中,be动词和n.保持形式上的一致”原则,该空应该填单数名词expectation。6. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:我们第一次证明这不是事实。truth经常和定冠词the连用,故该空填the。7. who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:大多数接受研究的人每晚睡眠时间不到7个小时,平均睡眠时间只有6小时25分钟。_7_were studied是定语,修饰those,指人,

73、引导词在从句中作主语,当先行词为those时,引导词只能用who。故填who。8. recommended 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这比西方社会经常推荐的8小时要少得多。该空作定语,修饰the eight hours,the eight hours和recommend之间是被动关系,需用过去分词作定语,故填recommended。9. with 【解析】考查介词。句意:尽管如此,与工业化社会的人相比,研究人员身体健康,肥胖率更低,血压水平更好,心脏更健康。该空后面是三个名词,且该空表示伴随情况,故该空填介词with。10. healthier 【解析】考查比较级。句意:尽管如此,与工业化

74、社会的人相比,研究人员身体健康,肥胖率更低,血压水平更好,心脏更健康。该空修饰名词hearts,应用形容词。且根据前文的lower,better可知,该空应该填healthy的比较级,故填healthier。. 短文改错假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起

75、)不计分。Dear Ms. Smith,Im writing to ask whether you could do me favor. Ive just finished an essay naming “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, so Im not sure whether it is well written. To be honestly, Im not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. Thats becau

76、se Im turning to you for help. Id appreciate it if you could spare some time to look into my essay for possible mistakes and polish them. Also, Im looking forward to your valuable advices. My essay has been sending to you along with this email. I hope it wont cause you too much more trouble.Thank yo

77、u.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【答案】 Dear Ms Smith,Im writing to ask whether you could do me favor. Ive just finished an essay “Differences between traditional Chinese and Western festivals”, Im not sure whether it is well written. To be , Im not that familiar with some traditional Western festivals. Thats

78、Im turning to you for help. Id appreciate it if you could spare some time to look my essay for possible mistakes and polish . Also, Im looking forward to your valuable . My essay has been to you along with this email. I hope it wont cause you too much trouble.Thank you.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【文章大意】本文

79、是一封书信,作者让对方帮忙看一下自己写的文章是否有不妥之处并加以润色修改。第一处:考查冠词。句意:我写信是想问你能否帮我一个忙。此处的favor是可数名词,do sb a favor表示“帮某人一个忙”,故在favor 前加a。第二处:考查非谓语动词。句意:我刚写完一篇名为“中国传统节日与西方节日的差异”的文章,但我不确定它是否写得好。essay 与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,故将naming改为named。 第三处:考查连词。参考上题解析,根据句意可知前后是转折而非因果关系,故so改为but。第四处:考查形容词。句意:老实说,我对一些西方传统节日不是很熟悉

80、。此处用形容词作表语,故将honestly改为honest。第五处:考查表语从句。句意:这就是我向你求助的原因。thats why表示“这就是的原因”,故将because改为why。第六处:考查动词短语。句意:如果你能抽出时间来看一下我的文章,找出错误并对文章加以润色,我会感激不尽。look through表示“浏览、看”,look into表示“调查”,故将into改为through。 第七处:考查代词。句意参考上题解析,根据句意可知此处指代my essay,故将them改为 it。第八处:考查名词。句意:期待你的宝贵意见。advice是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故将advices改为advice。 第九处:考查语态。句意:我的文章已经随这封邮件一起发给你了。My essay 与send之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,故将sending改为sent。第十处:考查形容词。句意:我希望这不会给你带来太多的麻烦。根据句意可知此处并无比较意义,more是多余的,故删除more。

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